1、专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 88 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark
2、 your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：10.00）_Psychology and sociology are both categorized as social sciences, and both study human behavior. However, psychology is the study of individual behavior, whereas sociology is the study of group behavior. Psychology de
3、als with the possible problems an individual might have in social interaction with other individuals, but the main concern of sociology is the ways that different societies with different cultures deal with each other. Sociology asks and tries to answer questions like these: why does one society pro
4、gress rapidly and another one remain primitive for centuries? What is the main reason for revolution in a society? What is the role of religion or art in a society? Psychology asks and tries to answer questions like these; why does an individual adapt easily to a changing environment and another ind
5、ividual become mentally disturbed? What are the causes of antisocial behavior? What role does religion or art play in an individuals mental and emotional life? Psychology and sociology often work together in their study of human behavior. It is assumed that by better understanding individual motivat
6、ion and behavior, more will be learned about group motivation and behavior. The reverse is also assumed: if scientists can learn more about social groups, they will learn more about individuals.（分数：10.00）(1).What would be an appropriate title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Psychology and SociologyB.Ind
7、ividual and GroupC.Human Behavior StudyD.Main Concerns of Social Sciences(2).Which of the following questions is the concern of psychology?（分数：2.00）A.What is the role of religion or art in a society?B.What is the main reason for revolution in a society?C.What are the causes of antisocial behavior?D.
8、Why does one society progress more rapidly than another?(3).According to the author, _.（分数：2.00）A.psychology and sociology benefit from each others researchB.too much emphasis on psychology may cause social problemsC.the study of group behavior is the interest of psychologistsD.different societies w
9、ith different cultures cannot get along well(4).A word which can take the place of “reverse“ in the last sentence is_.（分数：2.00）A.consequenceB.resultC.oppositeD.implication(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Both psychology and sociology study human behavior.B.Mental problems
10、 should be dealt with by a sociologist.C.Sociology is the study of group behavior.D.Psychology pays more attention to individuals than to groups.There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combusti
11、on engine (内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons being drive. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computers impact on society. But that is not what i
12、s meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy (读写能力); it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art. Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorr
13、ow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career, while programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it
14、, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making. Learning how to use computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly “. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What
15、does the phrase “learning to use a computer“ mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car“, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer. In fact, “learning to use a computer“ is much more like “learning to play a game,“ but learnin
16、g the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.（分数：10.00）(1).To be the competent citizens
17、 of tomorrow, people should_.（分数：2.00）A.try to lay a solid foundation in computer scienceB.be aware of how the things that they use do what they doC.learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skillsD.understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car(2).In the s
18、econd paragraph “violin-making“ is mentioned to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.programming a computer is as interesting as making a violinB.our society needs experts in different fieldsC.violin-making requires as many skills as computer programmingD.people who can use a computer dont necessarily have to know
19、 computer program(3).Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because_.（分数：2.00）A.programs are becoming less complicatedB.programs are designed to be convenient to usersC.programming is becoming easier and easierD.programs are becoming readily available to computer users(4).Accordin
20、g to the author, the phrase “learning to use a computer “(Para. 3) means learning_.（分数：2.00）A.a set of rulesB.the fundamental of computer scienceC.specific programsD.general principles of programming(5).The authors purpose in writing this passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.to stress the impact of the computer o
21、n societyB.to explain the concept of computer literacyC.to illustrate the requirement for being competent citizens of tomorrowD.to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging jobHoneybees cannot live alone. Their body structure and instincts equip them for life in a colony
22、or community, where they have a complex social organization and the various duties are divided among the individuals according to physical fitness and age. An individual worker bee can not produce itself. While it may continue to live if forcibly isolated from its mates, it fails to care for itself
23、adequately, and soon dies. Most insects have the ability to hibernate in winter, but the honeybee seems to have lost this. Since at low temperatures the bee will die, it must have the ability to make its own environment, so far as temperature is concerned. This makes a colony is necessary to the bee
24、s in winter, so that they may collectively warm each other. Efficiency, if not necessarily, demands that the work of the colony be divided, and such a division of labor tends to enhance the need to maintain the colony. The physical structure of the honeybee is further suited for the defense of the e
25、ntire colony rather than for its own defense. The bees barbed sting is used only once and is made more effective by the fact that it is left behind in the victim. With the loss of the sting, however, the bee dies. This kind of defensive weapon is not of service to the individual, but to the communit
26、y.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, bees are fitted for communal life by virtue of their_.（分数：2.00）A.flexibility and initiativeB.intelligence and sensitivityC.independence and enduranceD.instincts and form(2).It can be inferred from the passage that at one time bees had the ability to_.（分数：2.0
27、0）A.increase their activity in lower temperaturesB.leave cold climates during winterC.remain inactive through periods of cold weatherD.construct insulated hives(3).According to the passage, bees differ from most other communities of insects in their need to_.（分数：2.00）A.reproduce in large numbersB.co
28、ntrol the temperature where they liveC.divide the work of their coloniesD.have a complex defense system(4).According to the passage, the honeybees sting is particularly effective because it_.（分数：2.00）A.has many potential usesB.can kill several victims at onceC.is located in the rear of the bees body
29、D.remains with the bees victim(5).Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The Communal Life of BeesB.The Structure of the BeeC.The Organization of Insect ColoniesD.The Life of the Social InsectsIt is very interesting to note where the debate about diversity (多
30、样化) is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate (公司的) leaders: none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete
31、 in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees. And in looking at where birth rate are growing and at where the population is shifting, corporate Am
32、erica understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women, and more immigrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesnt occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers th
33、ey will need. Likewise, I dont hear people in the academy saying, “Lets go backward. Lets go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘一格选人才) “ , which was never truewe never had a meritocracy, although weve come closer to it in the last 30 years. I recently visited a great little coll
34、ege in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been professor there for a long time. And she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now all of
35、us feel the way is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debates is primarily in political circles and in the medianot in corporate board rooms or on college campuses.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “imperative“ (Para. 1) most probably refers to something_.（分数：2.00）A.superficialB.remarkableC
36、.debatableD.essential(2).Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity?（分数：2.00）A.Minorities.B.Politicians.C.Professors.D.Managers.(3).High corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to_.（分数：2.00）A.lower the rate of unemploymentB.American po
37、litical circles will not accept diversityC.be competitive in the world marketD.satisfy the demand of a growing population(4).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.meritocracy can never be realized without diversityB.American political circles will not accept diversityC.It is unlikely
38、that diversity will occur in the U. S. mediaD.minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity(5).According to the passage, diversity can be achieved in American society by_.（分数：2.00）A.expanding the pool of potential employeesB.promoting the pool of potential employeesC.
39、training more engineers, scientists, lawyers and business managersD.providing education for all regardless of race or sexBacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millime
40、ter; a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the sa
41、me amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tall. Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, o
42、ne can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “hairs“ called flagella (鞭毛). Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfaces
43、 by some little-understood mechanism. From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans. To a bacterium, water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules (分子) around them. B
44、acteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new
45、 ones. Even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Rod-shaped bacteria are generally larger than rounded ones.B.If we enlarged a rod-shaped bacterium a thousand times, it would s
46、till be smaller than a pinhead.C.If one used a microscope with a magnification of 100 times, he can see the structure of a bacterium clearly.D.Water molecules move so quickly that a bacterium can not move in the water.(2).According to the passage, one who examines bacteria with an ordinary microscop
47、e, using a magnification of 100 times will see_.（分数：2.00）A.tiny rodsB.stainsC.wavy-looking hairsD.detailed structures(3).The environment around bacteria is always changing because_.（分数：2.00）A.molecules around bacteria move very fastB.the water is as thick as molassesC.there is a large number of mole
48、cules around bacteriaD.new bacteria always replace the old ones(4).The author compares water to molasses in order to show_.（分数：2.00）A.how difficult it is for bacteria to move through the waterB.how different the bacterial world is from the human worldC.how the water molecules workD.what different ba
49、cteria one liquid contains from another(5).The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most similar to which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.A flag attached to a stick.B.A cowboy on the cows back.C.A door closed by a naughty boy.D.A boat pushed by the motor.专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 88 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Co
