1、全国自考（英语写作）-试卷 4 及答案解析(总分：6.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Supply the missing p(总题数：1，分数：2.00)1.Childhood Fears I remember my childhood as being generally happy and can recall experiencing some of the most carefree times of my life. But I can also remember, even more vividly, moments of being deeply frightened. As
2、a child, I was truly terrified of the dark, of getting lost, and of not being liked by others. These fears were very real and caused me some extremely uncomfortable moments. Maybe it was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that scared me so much. There was never to
3、tal darkness, but a streetlight or passing car lights made clothes hung over a chair take on the shape of an unknown beast. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw that the curtains seemed to move when there was no breeze. A tiny crack in the floor would sound a hundred times louder than in the daylight,
4、 and my imagination would take over, creating burglars and monsters. Darkness always made me feel so helpless, too. My heart would pound, and I would lie very still so that the “enemy“ wouldnt discover me. _ Perhaps one of the worst fears I had as a child was that of not being liked by others. First
5、 of all, I was quite shy. Second, I worried constantly about my looks, thinking people wouldnt like me because I was too fat or wore braces. I tried to wear the “right“ clothes and even had intense arguments with my mother over the importance of wearing the “flats“ instead of saddle shoes to school.
6、 Being popular was so important to me then, and the fear of not being liked was a powerful one. One of the processes of evolving from a child to an adult is being able to recognize and outgrow our fears. Ive learned that darkness does not have to take on a life of its own, that others can help me wh
7、en Im lost, and that friendliness and sincerity will encourage people to like me. Understanding the things that scared us as children helps us to cope with our lives as adults.（分数：2.00）_二、Write an outline(总题数：1，分数：2.00)2.The Change of American Adult illiteracy In the late 1980s there were an estimat
8、ed 17 to 21 million illiterate adults in the United States, along with several million more whose ability to was minimal. The problem of extensive adult illiteracy first came to the attention of the United States government during World War I, when as many as 30 percent of the men enrolled into the
9、armed forces were found to be either illiterate or barely able to read. In 1929, more than ten years after the war, President Herbert Hoover created the United States Advisory Committee on National Illiteracy. With the beginning of the Great Depression the committee ceased to function, and little at
10、tention was paid to the problem until well after World War . Since the 1960s adult illiteracy has become a focus of government and private institutional attention. The damage caused by the problem is not only the individual deprivation among those who cannot read. The consequences for society and th
11、e economy are enormous. The burden of welfare and unemployment benefits is huge and the costs of lost productivity are even greater. The increasing complexity of the economy and the need for specialized training in so many areas threaten to keep illiterates permanently out of the job market. Illiter
12、acy tends to be passed from one generation to another, since adults who cannot read are unable to help their children learn to read. To combat adult illiteracy President Lyndon Johnson started the Adult Basic Education program in 1964. In addition to government assistance, there are hundreds of priv
13、ately funded programs for teaching adults. Much adult training uses material that students need to know to get job certification. They want to know how to read want ads and how to fill out job applications. There is often no appreciation of reading for its own sake. _（分数：2.00）_三、Compose an essay(总题数
14、：1，分数：2.00)3.Write an essay about something or someone interests you, trying to use the strategy of exemplification.（分数：2.00）_全国自考（英语写作）-试卷 4 答案解析(总分：6.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Supply the missing p(总题数：1，分数：2.00)1.Childhood Fears I remember my childhood as being generally happy and can recall experiencing so
15、me of the most carefree times of my life. But I can also remember, even more vividly, moments of being deeply frightened. As a child, I was truly terrified of the dark, of getting lost, and of not being liked by others. These fears were very real and caused me some extremely uncomfortable moments. M
16、aybe it was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that scared me so much. There was never total darkness, but a streetlight or passing car lights made clothes hung over a chair take on the shape of an unknown beast. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw that the curtain
17、s seemed to move when there was no breeze. A tiny crack in the floor would sound a hundred times louder than in the daylight, and my imagination would take over, creating burglars and monsters. Darkness always made me feel so helpless, too. My heart would pound, and I would lie very still so that th
18、e “enemy“ wouldnt discover me. _ Perhaps one of the worst fears I had as a child was that of not being liked by others. First of all, I was quite shy. Second, I worried constantly about my looks, thinking people wouldnt like me because I was too fat or wore braces. I tried to wear the “right“ clothe
19、s and even had intense arguments with my mother over the importance of wearing the “flats“ instead of saddle shoes to school. Being popular was so important to me then, and the fear of not being liked was a powerful one. One of the processes of evolving from a child to an adult is being able to reco
20、gnize and outgrow our fears. Ive learned that darkness does not have to take on a life of its own, that others can help me when Im lost, and that friendliness and sincerity will encourage people to like me. Understanding the things that scared us as children helps us to cope with our lives as adults
21、.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Another fear in my childhood was that I would get lost. When all the buses were lined up along the curb, I was terrified that Id get on the wrong one. I would scan the bus for the faces of my friends, make sure the bus driver was the same one that had been there in the morning
22、, and even then ask the others over and over again to be sure I was on the right bus. On school or family trips I wouldnt let the leaders out of my sight. And of course, I was never very adventurous when it came to taking walks or hikes, because I would go only where I was sure I could never get los
23、t.)解析：解析： 这是一篇关于作者回忆小时候害怕的事情的说明性文章。文章要求补充第三段。首先让我们来分析一下文章的各个段落和它们之间的联系。 第一段：主要写到作者认为自己的童年是快乐的，他清楚地记得小时候无忧无虑的生活。但同时也记得一些很让他害怕的时刻。作为一个小孩，作者害怕黑，怕迷路，怕不被别人喜欢。这些害怕很真实，让作者觉得很不舒服。其中本段倒数第二句为文章中心思想中的关键词。 (1)the most carefree times of my life 我生命中最无忧无虑的时光 (2)be terrified of 害怕 I was truly terrified of the dark
24、，of getting lost and not being liked by others 我很害怕黑，怕迷路，怕不被别人喜欢。 第二段：是主体段一，主要写道，也许是我卧室里熟悉的东西在夜里看起来或听起来很奇怪，因此让我害怕。其实没有完全的黑暗，但是路灯或者是路过的车灯让挂在椅子上的衣服呈现出怪兽的形状。用眼角的余光，我能看到好像当没有风的时候，窗帘还会摆动。地板上很小的声音听上去像是白天的上百倍，这时我的想象就会占了上风，想象他是夜贼或怪兽。黑暗总是让我觉得很无助，我的心怦怦地跳，我就这样静静地死去，这样，“敌人”就不会轻易地发现我了。这一段与关键词中的害怕黑暗紧密相关。 (1)the c
25、orner of my eye 眼睛的余光 Out of the corner of my eye，I saw that the curtains seemed to move when there was no breeze 用眼角的余光，我看到窗帘在摆动，即使在没有风的时候。 (2)take over 接管，取得主导地位 My imagination would take over，creating burglars and monsters我的想象就占据了主导地位，认为那是夜贼或怪兽。 第四段：是主体段三，主要写，我认为最害怕的是不被别人喜欢。首先，我很害羞，其次，我常常担心自己的长相，
26、认为别人会不喜欢我，因为我太胖或戴着牙齿矫正器。我尽量穿别人认为“正确”的衣服，并有时因穿衣服和妈妈吵架。那时候，受欢迎对我来说太重要了，最害怕的就是别人不喜欢我。这一段与关键词中的害怕不被别人喜欢相联系。 第五段：是结论段，应用的是归纳主要观点的方法，即：对三个主体段中的主要观点进行归纳。主要写，从孩子成为大人的一个步骤就是不再害怕童年曾经害怕的东西。黑暗是生活的一部分，当迷路的时候可以向别人求助，友好和亲切可以使别人喜欢我们。明白那些童年时曾经让我们害怕的东西有助于更好地解决成人的事情。 (1)evolve from 逐渐发展 One of the processes of evolvin
27、g from a child to an adult is being able to recognize and outgrow our fears 从孩子逐渐成为大人的一步就是不再害怕童年曾经害怕的东西。 (2)cope with 解决 Understanding the things that scared us as children helps us to cope with our lives as adults 明白那些童年时曾经让我们害怕的东西有助于更好地解决成人的事情。通过上文的分析，第一段中提到了三种害怕的东西，第二段讲的是害怕黑暗，第四段讲的是害怕不被别人喜欢，由此可见，
28、第三段缺省的主题是害怕迷路，所以第三段应该补充的是害怕迷路。作为一个小孩，很可能是在上学、放学的路上发生这种事，所以可以就这个事件进行详细地描写。例如害怕迷路时的心情和表现，以及为了避免迷路所做出的行为。 下面我们来看一下句子的组织： (1)当所有的公共汽车都停在路边的时候，我特别担心我上错车。 When all the buses were lined up along the curb，I was terrified that Id get on the wrong one (2)我会仔细地看公交车，是否里面有我同学熟悉的面孔，看司机是不是和早上的是同一个人，甚至还会一次又一次地问别人以保
29、证我没上错车。 I would scan the bus for the faces of my friends，make sure the bus driver was the same one that had been there in the morning，and even then ask the others over and over again to be sure I was on the right bus (3)out of my sight 离开我的视线在去学校或回家的路上，我不会让领队离开我的视线。 On school or family trips I would
30、nt let the leaders out of my sight二、Write an outline(总题数：1，分数：2.00)2.The Change of American Adult illiteracy In the late 1980s there were an estimated 17 to 21 million illiterate adults in the United States, along with several million more whose ability to was minimal. The problem of extensive adult
31、 illiteracy first came to the attention of the United States government during World War I, when as many as 30 percent of the men enrolled into the armed forces were found to be either illiterate or barely able to read. In 1929, more than ten years after the war, President Herbert Hoover created the
32、 United States Advisory Committee on National Illiteracy. With the beginning of the Great Depression the committee ceased to function, and little attention was paid to the problem until well after World War . Since the 1960s adult illiteracy has become a focus of government and private institutional
33、 attention. The damage caused by the problem is not only the individual deprivation among those who cannot read. The consequences for society and the economy are enormous. The burden of welfare and unemployment benefits is huge and the costs of lost productivity are even greater. The increasing comp
34、lexity of the economy and the need for specialized training in so many areas threaten to keep illiterates permanently out of the job market. Illiteracy tends to be passed from one generation to another, since adults who cannot read are unable to help their children learn to read. To combat adult ill
35、iteracy President Lyndon Johnson started the Adult Basic Education program in 1964. In addition to government assistance, there are hundreds of privately funded programs for teaching adults. Much adult training uses material that students need to know to get job certification. They want to know how
36、to read want ads and how to fill out job applications. There is often no appreciation of reading for its own sake. _（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：I. The extension of adult illiteracy A. Having an estimated 1721 million illiterate adults in the U. S. B. Having seven million more with minimal reading ability I
37、I. The payment attention of the U. S. government to the problem of extensive adult illiteracy A. During WWI, the problem of extensive adult illiteracy first being to pay attention 1. 30% of the men enrolled into the armed forces with either illiterate or barely able to read 2. The creation of Presid
38、ent Herberr Hoovers the United States Advisory Committee on National Illiteracy 3. During the Great Depression, the problem without being paid attention until after WW B. Since the 1960s adult illiteracy having become a focus of government and private institutions 1. The cause of individual deprivat
39、ion 2. The cause of enormous social and economic consequences (l)The huge burden of welfare and unemployment (2)The greater costs of lost productivity (3) The tendency of illiteracy to be passed from one generation to another . Making efforts to combat adult illiteracy A. Starting programs to train
40、the illiterate adults 1. President Lyndon Johnsons the Adult Basic Education Program 2. Making many privately funded programs B. Most training programs using materials for practical use 1. Students getting job certification with the help of materials 2. Students reading want ads and filling out job
41、application with the help of materials 3. Having no materials read for pleasure)解析：解析： 此题是列提纲。在总结提纲时，要抽取意思，而不要照搬原文。 这篇文章分为 5 个自然段。通读全文，可看出文章分为三层意思。第一自然段为第一层，讲 20 世纪 80 年代晚期美国成年人的文盲人数。二、三两段为第二层，主要讲述美国政府开始对此给予注意。最后两段为一层，描写政府的一些措施。其中，各个层次中间又有自己的结构。 第一自然段很明显分为两个层次： AHaving an estimated 1721 million illi
42、terate adults in the US BHaving seven million more with minimal reading ability 二、三两段各自又可独立划分。虽然总体是关于“The USgovernment paid attention to the problem of extensive adult illiteracy”，但第二段是讲述一战时期此问题刚刚受到重视，第三段是讲 20 世纪 60 年代文盲问题成为政府和私人机构的重点问题。 最后两段也可总结为两部分，叙述具体的政策。第一是一些计划的实施，另外是大多数教育计划运用一些实用材料。通过层层剥笋，文章脉络
43、一目了然。三、Compose an essay(总题数：1，分数：2.00)3.Write an essay about something or someone interests you, trying to use the strategy of exemplification.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： An Unforgetable Professor Perhaps the most vital person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the Univer
44、sity of Pisa. Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his special qualities. First of all, I was impressed by his devotion to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered, students swarmed into his classroom. His followers appreciated the
45、fact that he believed in what he taught and that he was intellectually stimulating. Furthermore, he could be counted on to explain his ideas in an imaginative way, introducing such aids to understanding as paintings, recordings, pieces of sculpture, and guest lectures. Once he even sang a song in cl
46、ass to illustrate a point. Second, I admired the fact that he would confer with students outside of the classroom or talk with them on the telephone. Drinking coffee in the snack bar, he would easily make friends with students. Sometimes he would challenge a student to a game of chess. At other time
47、s, he would join groups to discuss subjects ranging from astronomy to scuba diving. Many young people visited him in his office for academic advice; other came to his home for social evenings. Finally, I was attracted by his lively wit. He believed that no class hour is a success unless the students and the professor share several chuckles and at le
