1、2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语 第 I卷 (共 103分 ) I. Listening Comprehension（略） II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper
2、form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) Bags of Love Last year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mothers house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries. After le
3、ss than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of c
4、anned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26) _happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27) _she distributed it to children. I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were
5、very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me why would she not want to tell me about what she (28) _ (do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29) _ (buy) the groceries if I found out? When she got home, I told her about m
6、y discovery. (30) _she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didnt need to keep it a secret (31) _me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she co
7、uld spare. I was so impressed by (32) _ selfless she was. 25. 解析： 考查现在分词做状语。动词 wonder与本句主语 I构成 主动关系，所以使用现在分词wondering在句中做状语。 答案： Wondering 26. 解析： 考查主语从句。本句中连接代词 what引导主语从句 what happened，并在句中做主语。句意：发生的事情真得让我很惊讶。 答案： what 27. 解析： 考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是 the refugee camp，关系代词 which指代先行词在定语从句中作为介词 in的宾语， in
8、 which相当于关系副词 where。 答案： which 28. 解析： 考查时态。根据上下文可知本文介绍的是我被派到妈妈家附近工作，这是过去发生的事情，而妈妈帮助难民是在我来这里工作之前就发生的事情，所以应该使用过去完成时表示过去的过去发生的事情。 答案： had done 29. 解析： 考查动词短语。短语 stop to do sth停下了做另外一件事情； stop doing sth停止做某事；句意：妈 妈是担忧如果我发现了这件事情我的反应还是担忧我不再给她买食品杂货吗？根据句意可知使用 stop doing sth.。 答案： buying 30. 解析： 考查连词。赖床 bef
9、ore 引导时间状语从句，在句中有多种翻译方法。本句意为“还没来得及 .就 .” 。句意：她还没有来得及反应过来，我就紧紧地接着她并告诉她这件事情不必对我保密。 答案： Before 31. 解析： 考查动词短语。短语 keep secrets to sb. 对某人保密。句意：她还没有来得及反应过来，我就紧紧地接着她病告诉她这件事情不必对我保密。 答案： to 32. 解析： 考查宾语从句。本句中表语从句 how selfless she was作为介词 by的宾语，因为 selfless是形容词，所以使用 how来引导这 个从句。用法和感叹句类似。 答案： how (B) Stress: G
10、ood or Bad? Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed. In recent years, stress(33)_(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental il
11、lness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34) _does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more s
12、tress you are under, the (35) _(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36) _number of questions. Do you, for i
13、nstance, feel that too much is being expected of (37) _, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _(annoy) with people over unimportant things?. If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39) _ (control ) your stress, as you probably are un
14、der more stress than is good for you. To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is o
15、ver 150, you are twice as likely (40) _(get )ill. 33. 解析： has been regarded 考查时态语态。本句的时间状语是 in recent years最近几年以来，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语 stress与动词 regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式 has been regarded。 答案： has been regarded 34. 解析： 考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为 It is/was 被强调成分 that/who 其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉 it is/wasthat/wh
16、o 句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语 only too much stress。 答案： that 35. 解析： better 考查固定句式 “ The+比较级 .， the+比较级 ” 意为 “ 越 .就越 .” 。本句句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用 good的比较级形式 better。 答案： better 36. 解析： 考查固定短语。短语 a number of许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用 a number of修饰可数名词复数形式 questions。 答案： a 3
17、7. 解析： 考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是 you，所以仍然使用宾格 you作为介词 of的宾语。 答案： you 38. 解析： 考查形容词。形容词 annoyed 恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和 impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词 get构成系表结构。 答案： annoyed 39. 解析： 考查固定搭配。动词短语 had better do sth最好做某事； had better是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。 答案： control 40. 解析： 考查形容词短语。短语 be likely to do
18、 sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过 150，你就非常有可能生病了。 答案： to get Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. exper
19、iment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze Golden Rules of Good Design What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four a
20、s follows. Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More
21、 is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and ket
22、tles. Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a products function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials t
23、hat will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed. From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory
24、 side of our naturesight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的 ). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush. 41. 解析： 动词 capture 获得；捕获；本句中该词构成的不定式短语 to capture.作为动词 try的宾语
25、。句意：多年以来，设计师和艺术家一直都在努力搞清楚好的设计的本质。 答案： D 42. 解析： 名词 decorations 装饰，该词在句中作为动词 avoid的宾语。本段的主题是 Less is more倡导装修设计的简单化。句意：设计应该避免不必要的装饰物。 答案： E 43. 解析： 形容词 soulless 没有灵魂的；该词在本句中做定语修饰名词 design。根据前半句 The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly.可知美国建筑家 Robert Ventur
26、i总结过，如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的 。 答案： J 44. 解析： 动词短语 experiment with试用，用 .做实验；句意：后现代主义设计师们再一次开始试验装饰和颜色。 答案： G 45. 解析： 名词 appliance电器，电器工具；该词可由后面列举的例子 ovens and kettles烤箱和水壶 推理，指厨房电器等物品。 答案： C 46. 解析： 形容词 intended 预期的；本句中该词和系动词 is 构成系表结构。句意：对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。 答案： H 47. 解析：形容词 adjustable可调节的。本句中该词 作为
27、定语修饰名词 desk lamp，意为“ 可调节的台灯 ” ，与后句中“ regular adjustments by the user”形成呼应。 答案： B 48. 解析：动词 direct对准，指挥。本句中该词与名词 light构成动宾短语。句意：最重要的是，它需要对准需要光线的地方。 答案： F 49. 解析： 动词短语 take.into account 考虑 .；把 .考虑在内。句意：他认为设计必须要把自然的知觉考虑在内，如：视觉、嗅觉、触觉和味觉。 答案： A 50. 解析：动词 squeeze挤压；在本句中该词和名词 the toothpaste构成动宾关系。句意：我们很喜欢一
28、个看起来很酷的装置，能让我们很容易地把牙膏挤到我们的牙刷上。 答案： K III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key th
29、inkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work. In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52
30、 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的 ) managers. Different cultures have different way
31、s of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-makingall members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tr
32、ied to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot. A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use
33、 their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权 ) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-l
34、ine managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托 ) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become mo
35、re profitable under the new organization, rather than less. Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rat
36、her than the amount of time they spend on them. 51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike 解析： 考查上下文串联。根据后半句 .will do anything to avoid it可知很多人为了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，说明那些人大多数人生性都是懒惰的，都不愿意工作，他们尽可能地逃避工作。故 D项正确。 答案： 52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme 解析： 考查上下文串联。短语 to the contrary相反的； to the deg
37、ree在某种程度上； to the extreme走向极端；在文章第一段中提到了 X 理论，大多数人都缺乏进取心和责任心，不愿对人和事负责，没有什么雄心壮志，不喜欢负责任，宁可被领导。而 Y 理论认为大多数人愿意对工作、对他人负责，人们愿意实行自我管理和自我控制来完成应当完成的目标。这是两种完全相反的理论，尽管对于这两种完全相反的理论有很多的证据，很多管理人仍然同意 X 理论。故 A正确。 答案： 53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise 解析： 考查上下文串联。本句中 for example表示举例说明；这些管理人仍然同
38、意 X理论，例如他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于 X理论的举例说明。故 B正确。 答案： 54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above 解析： 考查上下文串联。根据后句 .makes for authoritarian managers.可知这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故 D项 above上面的 正确。 答案： 55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging 解析： 考查上下文串联。根据前段可知本文讨论的管理学的理论，使用本
39、句使用动词 manage管理 ，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亚洲、西方的管理方法形成呼应。故 C正确。 答案； 56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply 解析： 考查动词短语辨析。短语 refer to提到，谈到； contribute to做 贡献；导致； object to反对； apply to适用于；亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程做出自己的贡献。故 B正确。 答案： 57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression 解析： 考查上下
40、文串联。名词 agreement同意； practice练习，做法； election选举； impression印象；亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的，西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故 A正确。 答案： 58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male 解析： 考查上下文串联。根据前半句 .women will become more effective managers than men.可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故 D正确。 答案： 59.
41、A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing 解析： 考查上下文串联。根据前句 . encourage employees to use their own initiative.鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神 ，也就是说在做出决定的时候不要请示上级经理，自己做出决定即可。故 A项正确。 答案： 60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating 解析： 考查上下文串联。根据前句 the trend towards downsizing缩小规模的趋势 ，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接做出决定而
42、不需要请示上级。故动词 reduce减少 符合上下文串联。 答案： 61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared 解析： 考查短语辨析。动词 be honored with被授予； be left with留下，剩下； be crowded with挤满； be compared with与 .相比；通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的效益。故 B正确。 答案： B 62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occ
43、asionally 解析： 考查副词辨析。副词 economically 经济地； traditionally 传统地； inadequately 不充分地； occasionally 偶尔地；根据后句 Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management.可知授权管理是一个新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故 B正确。 答案： B 63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure 解析： 考查动词辨析。动词 deny否认； admit承认； assume假定，设想； ensure保证，确保；授权管
44、理是一 种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知 D正确。 答案： D 64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene 解析：考查上下文串联。形容词 virtual 虚拟的； ineffective 低效的； day-to-day 日常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句 where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.可知在这种新型的管理
45、方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这种新型通过 虚拟网络进行的管理方法，故 A正确。 答案： A 65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness 解析：考查名词辨析。名词 opinion观点； risk冒险； performance表现； attractiveness能力；根据后半句中 in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是工作的时间
46、，故 C 正确。 答案： C Section B Direction： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just rea
47、d. (A) One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word Poems appeared in big, hot pink letters. Is it good? I asked her. Yeah, she answered. Theres one I really like and youll like it, too. I leaned forward. Patty Poem, she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began: She never puts her toys away, Just leaves them scattered where they lay, 散乱的 The poem was just three short sections. The final one came
