1、现代语言学自考题-16 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：18，分数：18.00)1.Derivational morphology, or lexical morphology, as a sub-branch of morphology, studies the _. A. inflection B. word-formation C. morpheme D. root（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.“Words are further analyzable“ means _. A. word
2、s can be broken down into 26 letters of English alphabet B. words can be broken down into the components at the lowest level of word C. words can be broken down into the smallest meaningful components D. words can be broken down into smaller components（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The word “boyish“ contains tw
3、o _. A. phonemes B. morphs C. morphemes D. allomorphs（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The basic unit in the study of morphology is _. A. the internal structure B. morpheme C. the rules by which words are formed D. word（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.What the element “-es“ indicates is third person singular, present tense, the
4、 element “-ed“ past tense, and “-ing“ progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also _. A. phonemes B. morphemes C. allophones D. phones（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The morpheme “vision“ in the word “television“ is a(n) _. A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. infl
5、ectional morpheme D. free morpheme（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The word “ecology“ is a two-morpheme cluster that contains _. A. two roots B. a root and a suffix C. a root and a free morpheme D. a prefix and a root（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8._ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combine
6、d with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. A. Free B. Bound C. Root D. Affix（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.In the word suitable, “-able“ is a _ morpheme. A. derivational B. inflectional C. root D. stem（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Inflectional affixes convey _ meaning. A. lexical B. grammatical C. morp
7、hological D. morphemic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed“ in the word “learned“ is known as a(n)_. A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. inflectional morpheme D. free form（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.In the word unreliable, the prefix “un-“ is a(n) _ m
8、orpheme. A. free B. bound C. root D. inflectional（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13._ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word. A. Prefixes B. Suffixes C. Roots D. Affixes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.“Look“ is a monomorphemic word which convey _ meaning. A. morpholog
9、ical B. morphemic C. lexical D. grammatical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.There are _ morphemes in the word “international“. A. two B. three C. four D. five（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16._ modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech. A. Inflectional affixes B. Derivational affixes
10、C. Prefixes D. Suffixes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.Some of the _ rules are productive; they can be used freely to form new words. A. syntactic B. morphological C. semantic D. phonological（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The stress of the compound noun “armchair“ falls on _. A. the second syllable B. the first syllable C
11、. both the first and second syllables D. either the first or the second syllable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、BPART TWO/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)19.Inflectional morphology studies the i 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_20.Morphology can be divided into two sub-branches: inflectional morphology and l 1 or derivatio
12、nal morphology.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_21.M 1 is the smallest meaningful unit of language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_22.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words are called b 1 morphemes.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_23.A r 1 is often seen as part of a word, but it can
13、never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_24.The morphemes that are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves are called f 1 morphemes.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_25.The affix “-es“ conveys a g 1 meaning.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_26.The aim of morphology i
14、s to find the r 1 by which words are formed.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_27.I 1 morphemes are those morphemes that show various grammatical relations or categories such as number, tense and case.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_28.The affix “-hood“ is a n 1 forming suffix that can be added to the end of stems, such as child, boy
15、, man, etc.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_29.A 1 can be divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes according to their positions in the words.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_30.A s 1 is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an affix can be added.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_31.The affixes occurring at the beginning of a word are
16、 called p 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_32.S 1 are added to the end of stems.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_33.The combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words is called c 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_五、B(总题数：16，分数：16.00)34.Morphology is translated as 形态学。（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误35.All words may be said to contain a
17、root morpheme.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误36.The word “photographically“ is made up of 4 morphemes.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误37.The word “microphone“ consists of two morphemes, of which “micro“ is a root, and “phone“ is an affix.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误38.All affixes are bound morphemes.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误39.A root must be comb
18、ined with another root to form a word.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误40.Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误41.A compound is the combination of only two words.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误42.Theoretically speaking, a compound can be a combination of two words of any parts
19、 of speech.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误43.Since a compound is a word, its components can not be written separately.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误44.A compound can be written as one word with or without a hyphen between its components, or as two separate words. It is simply a matter of convention.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误45.The com
20、pound word “bookstore“ is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误46.The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech of the second element, without exception.（分数：1.
21、00）A.正确B.错误47.The different stresses used in a compound do not usually affect the meaning of the compound.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误48.Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误49.Inflectional morphology is on
22、e of the two sub-branches of morphology.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误六、B(总题数：8，分数：24.00)50.morphology（分数：3.00）_51.root（分数：3.00）_52.bound morphemes（分数：3.00）_53.inflectional morphemes（分数：3.00）_54.affix（分数：3.00）_55.derivational affixes（分数：3.00）_56.stem（分数：3.00）_57.morphological rules（分数：3.00）_七、B(总题数：3，分数：27.00)58
23、.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples. er-, un-, anti-, super-, -ize（分数：9.00）_59.What are the main features of the English compounds?（分数：9.00）_60.Do you think that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components? Support your argum
24、ent with examples.（分数：9.00）_现代语言学自考题-16 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：18，分数：18.00)1.Derivational morphology, or lexical morphology, as a sub-branch of morphology, studies the _. A. inflection B. word-formation C. morpheme D. root（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 单词的形成不是偶然的，而是按照
25、一定的规则构成的。形态学的任务就是要找出这些规则。形态学可以进一步被划分为两个更小的分支：屈折形态学和词汇形态学(也叫派生形态学)。前者研究的是单词的屈折变化，后者研究的是构词法。2.“Words are further analyzable“ means _. A. words can be broken down into 26 letters of English alphabet B. words can be broken down into the components at the lowest level of word C. words can be broken down
26、into the smallest meaningful components D. words can be broken down into smaller components（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 鉴于句子总是包含着并且经常被分析成单词的形式，所以单词一般被认为是语言中最小的单位。这是一个错误的观念。单词还可以做进一步的分析，即单词可以被拆分成更小的成分，那就是词素，词素是语言中最小的意义单位。3.The word “boyish“ contains two _. A. phonemes B. morphs C. morphemes D. allomorphs（
27、分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 从结构上来讲，单词 boyish 包含有两个有意义的、不可以再分的成分，即 boy 和-ish。我们把这些单词里边最低层面的、有意义的成分称为“词素”。因此 boy 和-ish 都是词素。4.The basic unit in the study of morphology is _. A. the internal structure B. morpheme C. the rules by which words are formed D. word（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 正如音位是音系学研究中的基本单位一样，词素是形态学
28、研究中的基本单位。5.What the element “-es“ indicates is third person singular, present tense, the element “-ed“ past tense, and “-ing“ progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also _. A. phonemes B. morphemes C. allophones D. phones（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 词素是语
29、言中最小的意义单位。6.The morpheme “vision“ in the word “television“ is a(n) _. A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 vision 指视力、视野，是一个独立的单词，它可以自由使用，这样的词素被称作自由词素。7.The word “ecology“ is a two-morpheme cluster that contains _. A. two roots B. a root an
30、d a suffix C. a root and a free morpheme D. a prefix and a root（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 词根经常被看成是单词的一部分，尽管它有比较清晰、确切的意思，却不能够独立存在，它必须和其他词根或词缀一起才能构成一个单词。这样的词根在英语里数不胜数。词根 eco-指“环境的，生态的”，-ology 指“一门学科”，因此构成 ecology 的为两个词根。8._ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined wit
31、h other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. A. Free B. Bound C. Root D. Affix（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 黏着词素是那些不能够独立使用，必须和其他的自由词素或黏着词素组合才能形成一个单词的词素。黏着词素包括两类：词根和词缀。9.In the word suitable, “-able“ is a _ morpheme. A. derivational B. inflectional C. root D. stem（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 英语中黏着词素
32、分为词根和词缀。词根有较清晰、确切的意思。词缀分为屈折词缀(inflectional affixes)和派生词缀(derivational affixes)。屈折词缀表示诸如数、时态等的语法关系。很显然题干中-able 并没有语法范畴含义，它只是加到 suit 后使其改变为形容词，所以它是派生词素。10.Inflectional affixes convey _ meaning. A. lexical B. grammatical C. morphological D. morphemic（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 屈折词缀(也叫屈折词素)表现的是如数、时态、级、格这样的语
33、法关系或语法范畴。11.There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed“ in the word “learned“ is known as a(n)_. A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. inflectional morpheme D. free form（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 屈折词缀(也叫屈折词素)表现的是如数、时态、级、格这样的语法关系或语法范畴。learned 中 ed 表示时态或语态变化，它是屈折词缀。12.In the
34、word unreliable, the prefix “un-“ is a(n) _ morpheme. A. free B. bound C. root D. inflectional（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 黏着词素是那些不能够独立使用、必须和其他的自由词素或黏着词素结合在一起才能形成一个单词的词素。题中 un-即为黏着词素。13._ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word. A. Prefixes B. Suf
35、fixes C. Roots D. Affixes（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 前缀会对词根的意思有所修改，但通常不改变原来单词的词类或词性。14.“Look“ is a monomorphemic word which convey _ meaning. A. morphological B. morphemic C. lexical D. grammatical（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 look 这个单词本身只包含一个词素，是独立的、可以自由使用的意义单位，所以它被称作是自由词素。自由词素表达词汇意义，屈折词素表达语法意义。15.There are
36、_ morphemes in the word “international“. A. two B. three C. four D. five（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 international 有三个词素，它们分别是，inter-，nation，-al。16._ modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech. A. Inflectional affixes B. Derivational affixes C. Prefixes D. Suffixe
37、s（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 后缀附加在词根的末尾，它们改变了原有单词的词义，而且在很多情况下也会使原有单词的词类或词性发生变化。这样就有了构成名词的后缀、构成形容词的后缀、构成副词的后缀和构成动词的后缀。17.Some of the _ rules are productive; they can be used freely to form new words. A. syntactic B. morphological C. semantic D. phonological（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 一些形态学规则是多产的，它们能被自如地形成新词。
38、18.The stress of the compound noun “armchair“ falls on _. A. the second syllable B. the first syllable C. both the first and second syllables D. either the first or the second syllable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 当它做形容词时重音在第一音节上，指“只说而没有行动的、书本知识的”。当它做名词“扶手椅”讲时，重音既可在第一音节，也可在第二音节上。三、BPART TWO/B(总题数：0，分数：0.0
39、0)四、B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)19.Inflectional morphology studies the i 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：inflections）解析：解析 形态学可以进一步被划分为两个更小的分支：屈折形态学和词汇形态学(也叫派生形态学)。前者研究的是单词的屈折变化，后者研究的是构词法。20.Morphology can be divided into two sub-branches: inflectional morphology and l 1 or derivational morphology.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （
40、正确答案：lexical）解析：解析 形态学可以进一步被划分为两个更小的分支：屈折形态学和词汇形态学(也叫派生形态学)。前者研究的是单词的屈折变化，后者研究的是构词法。21.M 1 is the smallest meaningful unit of language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Morpheme）解析：解析 语言中最小的意义单位是词素。22.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words are c
41、alled b 1 morphemes.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：bound）解析：解析 黏着词素是那些不能够独立使用、必须和其他的自由词素或黏着词素结合在一起才能形成一个单词的词素。23.A r 1 is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：root）解析：解析 词根经常被看成是单词的一部分，尽管它具有比较清晰、确切的意思，却不能够独立存在，它必须和其他词
42、根或词缀一起才能构成一个单词。这样的例子在英语里数不胜数。24.The morphemes that are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves are called f 1 morphemes.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：free）解析：解析 一些词素是独立的、可以自由使用的意义单位，它们被称作自由词素。25.The affix “-es“ conveys a g 1 meaning.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：grammatical）解析：解析 屈折词
43、缀(也叫屈折词素)表示的是如数、时态、级、格这样的语法关系或语法范畴。后缀-es 为屈折词缀，它表达的是语法意义。26.The aim of morphology is to find the r 1 by which words are formed.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：rules）解析：解析 形态学的目的是要找出单词构成的规则。27.I 1 morphemes are those morphemes that show various grammatical relations or categories such as number, tense and case.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Inflectional）解析：解析 屈折词缀(也叫屈折词素)表现的是如数、时态、级、格这样的语法关系或语法范畴。28.The affix “-hood“ is
