1、英语词汇学自考题-26 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.A word which is related to other words is related to them in 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.The development of word-meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses, traditionally known as 1 and concatenation.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.Ambiguity often ar
2、ises due to polysemy and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.Perfect homonyms are words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.One important criterion for differentiation of homonyms from polysemants is to see their 1. The second principal consideration is semantic relatedness.（分
3、数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one 1 whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully 1 with regard to spelling and pronunciation.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.The words which are fully identical in mean
4、ing are called 1 synonyms.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.Relative synonyms also called 1 are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.Contrary terms are 1 antonyms.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Some words can have two different types of antonyms at the sa
5、me time, one being 1 and the other opposite.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. The general words are called the superordinate terms and the more specific words a
6、re called the 1 terms.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.The massive word store of a language like English can be conceived of as composed around a number of meaning areas. Some large, such as “philosophy“ or “emotions“, other smaller, such as “kinship“ or “color“. Viewing the total meaning in this way is the basis
7、 theory of 1 theory.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.Semantically, all 1 are related in one way or another.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal 1 of the whole set alter.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_二、B(总题数：
8、8，分数：16.00)16.polysemy（分数：2.00）_17.primary meaning（分数：2.00）_18.radiation（分数：2.00）_19.concatenation（分数：2.00）_20.homonymy（分数：2.00）_21.homographs（分数：2.00）_22.absolute synonyms（分数：2.00）_23.antonyms（分数：2.00）_三、B(总题数：14，分数：28.00)24.What are the two approaches to polysemy?（分数：2.00）_25.To comment on the rhe
9、torical use of homophones in the following ad: Seven days without 7-Up make one weak.（分数：2.00）_26.How do you understand the statement that true synonyms is nonexistent?（分数：2.00）_27.What is the sources of synonyms?（分数：2.00）_28.What is the discrimination of synonyms?（分数：2.00）_29.What is the appropriat
10、e antonym for acute in the following statement? She got an acute pain in her back.（分数：2.00）_30.What is the types of antonyms?（分数：2.00）_31.What is the characteristics of antonyms?（分数：2.00）_32.Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics o
11、f antonyms. State your reason with one example. Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.（分数：2.00）_33.The word “happy“ has two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being negative and the other opposite. What are they?（分数：2.00）_34.What is the difference b
12、etween superordinates and subordinates?（分数：2.00）_35.Modify the sentence: He bought a piece of furniture and found it in poor condition.（分数：2.00）_36.Modify the sentence: Trees surround the water near our summer place.（分数：2.00）_37.What is the remarkable feature of Longman Lexicon of Contemporary Engli
13、sh?（分数：2.00）_四、B(总题数：6，分数：26.00)38.Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. “Youre not eating your fish,“ a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?“ “Long time no sea, “ the customer replied.（分数：6.00）_39.Use examples to illustrate th
14、e similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms.（分数：4.00）_40.Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms. A. The company has decided to increas
15、e its sales by ten per cent next year. B. The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year. C. The metal will expand if heated.（分数：4.00）_41.Analyze and comment on the meanings of the following sentences and then find out the right antonyms for each fast respectively.
16、A. My god, look, this clock is one hour fast, as if we were at Tokyo. B. The colors arent fast, so be careful when you wash this shirt. C. The delegation paid a fast visit to the United Kingdom last month.（分数：4.00）_42.Analyze and comment on the following sentences based on the concept that antonyms
17、differ in semantic inclusion. A. How tall is his sister? B. How short is his sister?（分数：4.00）_43.Comment on the following two pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates: a. He got a piece of furniture recently. b. He bought a cupboard three days ago. a. It is said that a magnific
18、ent building was destroyed yesterday. b. The news says that the Royal Hotel was burnt down last night.（分数：4.00）_英语词汇学自考题-26 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.A word which is related to other words is related to them in 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：sense）解析：解析 一个与其他词相关联的词是在什么上与它们相关的?A word
19、which is related to other words is related to them in sense, hence sense relations答案为 sense。2.The development of word-meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses, traditionally known as 1 and concatenation.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：radiation）解析：解析 词义从单义向多义发展遵循什么和连锁型两种模式?The development of wor
20、dmeaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses, traditionally known as radiation and concatenation. 答案为 radiation。3.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：homonymy）解析：解析 多义词，即有很多不同意义的词汇，没有上下文很难理解，因此造成模糊。Homonymy 是同形同音异义词，亦容易导致理解上出现模糊。答案为 homonymy。4.Perfect homony
21、ms are words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：meaning）解析：解析 完全同形同音异义词是拼写和读音相同，但什么不同的词?Perfect homonyms are words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning答案为 meaning。5.One important criterion for differentiation of homonyms from pol
22、ysemants is to see their 1. The second principal consideration is semantic relatedness.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：etymology）解析：解析 区别同形同音异义词和多义词的一个重要标准是看它们的什么?第二个重要的标准是语义是否相关。One important criterion is to see their etymology. The second principle consideration is semantic relatedness答案为 etymology。6.In di
23、ctionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one 1 whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：headword）解析：解析 在词典中多义词是列在同一个什么下的，而同形同音异义词则列入不同的词条下?In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separ
24、ate entries。答案为 headword。7.Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully 1 with regard to spelling and pronunciation.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：identical）解析：解析 完全同形同音异义词和多义词都是在拼写和读音上怎么样的词?Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully identical with regard to spelling and pronunciation答案为identical。8.The words
25、which are fully identical in meaning are called 1 synonyms.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：absolute）解析：解析 意义完全相同的词叫做什么词?Absolute synonyms are words which are identical in meaning in all aspects答案为 absolute。9.Relative synonyms also called 1 are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different d
26、egrees of a given quality.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：near-synonyms）解析：解析 相对同义词，也称什么，在外延上相近或几乎相同但意义上有细微区别或有程度上区别的词?Relative synonyms also called near-synonyms are similar or nearly the same in denotation but embrace different degrees of a given quality答案为 near-synonyms。10.Contrary terms are 1 antonyms.（分
27、数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：gradable）解析：解析 相对反义词是什么样的反义词?Contrary terms are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes. They are gradable and one exists in comparison with the other. 答案为 gradable。11.Some words can have two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being 1
28、 and the other opposite.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：negative）解析：解析 有些词同时可能有两种不同类型的反义词，一个是否定的，而另一个是对立的。答案为negative。12.Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. The general words are called the
29、superordinate terms and the more specific words are called the 1 terms.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：subordinates）解析：解析 上下义关系涉及语义包容关系。也就是说，一个更为具体词的意义被包含在另外一个更为一般的词义之中。更为一般的词被称为上义词，更具体的词称为什么?Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusionThat is, the meaning of a more specific word is included in
30、 that of another more general word. The more general words are known as superordinates. The more specific words are subordinates. 答案为 subordinates。13.The massive word store of a language like English can be conceived of as composed around a number of meaning areas. Some large, such as “philosophy“ o
31、r “emotions“, other smaller, such as “kinship“ or “color“. Viewing the total meaning in this way is the basis theory of 1 theory.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：field）解析：解析 像英语这样巨大的词库可以想象为是由许多意义域所组成。这些意义域有的大，如philosophy(哲学)或 emotions(情感)，其他的可能小，如 kinship(亲缘)或 color(色彩)。以这种方式来看待语义是场理论的基础。答案为 field。14.Semantic
32、ally, all 1 are related in one way or another.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：words）解析：解析 在语义上，所有词都是彼此相关的。答案为 words。15.The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal 1 of the whole set alter.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：rel
33、ations）解析：解析 一门语言的词汇处于持续不断的变化中；旧词被废弃，而新词增加进来，而且随着新词取代旧词，所以整个集合内的内部什么也在发生变化?The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal relations of the whole set alter. 答案为 relations。二、B(总题数：8，分数：16.00)16.polysemy（分数：2.00
34、）_正确答案：(Words that have two or more than two senses.)解析：17.primary meaning（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Primary meaning is the only“ first meaning that a word had when it was created.)解析：18.radiation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(A semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the centre and the secondary meanings pro
35、ceed out of it in every direction like rays.)解析：19.concatenation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(It refers to a process where each of the later meaning is related only to the preceding one like chains.)解析：20.homonymy（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identic
36、al only in sound or spelling.)解析：21.homographs（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Homographs are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning.)解析：22.absolute synonyms（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Absolute synonyms also known as complete synonyms are words which are identical in meaning in all its aspects, i.e.
37、 both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning.)解析：23.antonyms（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Antonyms can be defined as words which are opposite in meaning.)解析：三、B(总题数：14，分数：28.00)24.What are the two approaches to polysemy?（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(1)Diachronic approach. From the diachronic point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result o
