1、英语词汇学自考题-4 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Which kind of meaning is the meaning that is given in the dictionary and that forms the core of word-meaning?A. Conceptual meaning. B. Grammatical meaning.C. Lexical meaning. D. Associative meaning.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.2.The semantic change of the word “girl“ from
2、 “a young person of either sex“ to “female young person“ is called _.A. extension B. narrowingC. degradation D. elevation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.3.“Tulip“ and “rose“ are _ of “flower“.A. synonyms B. antonymsC. homonyms D. hyponyms（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.4.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated b
3、y the example of _.A. “domicile“ for “home“ B. “diminutive“ for “wee“C. “purse“ for “money“ D. “beaver“ for “girl/（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.5.The word “criticize“ means “to find fault with“ nowadays. But its original meaning was _.A. curse B. reviewC. appraise D. view（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.6._ explains the connect
4、ion between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.A. Etymological motivation B. Semantic motivationC. Morphological motivation D. Onomatopoeic motivation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.7.Which two of the following are perfect homonyms?A. Bear (n.)/Bear (v.). B. Are (v.)/R.C. Bow (n.)/Bow (v.). D. Sow
5、(v.)/Sow (n.).（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.8.The differences between synonyms boil down to the three areas: _.A. denotation, connotation and intensity B. connotation, intensity and applicationC. denotation, connotation and application D. connotation, implication and application（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.9.Words like “mia
6、ow“, “tick-tuck“ and “ping-pong“ are _ motivated.A. onomatopoeically B. morphologicallyC. semantically D. etymologically（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.10.Antonyms are often used in proverbs to _.A. form antithesis to achieve emphasis B. express ideas easilyC. form metaphors D. express ideas economically（分数：2.00）A
7、.B.C.D.11.That the relationship between the word-form and meaning is conventional and arbitrary means that _.A. the connection between the sign and mean ing has a logical explanationB. all the words are non-motivatedC. the connection between the sign and meaning does not have a logical explanationD.
8、 none of the above（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.12.Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _.A. butcher one who kills goats B. journal periodicalC. companion one who shares bread D. mill places for grinding（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.13.Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and _.A. it
9、s referent B. its referring expressionsC. its meaning D. its concept（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.14.The antonyms “big“ and “small“ are _.A. contradictory terms B. contrary termsC. relative terms D. connected terms（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.15.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed wi
10、th only one meaning. The first meaning is called _.A. primary meaning B. derived meaningC. central meaning D. basic meaning（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.16. 1 is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the second meaning proceeds out in every direction like rays.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_1
11、7. 1 is a process by which a word denoting one thing changes to refer to a different but related thing.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_18.Contrary terms are 1 antonyms.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_19.By etymological motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its 1.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_20.“Ground floor“ i
12、n British English and “first floor“ in American English have the same 1.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_21.connotation（分数：4.00）_22.motivation（分数：4.00）_23.contrary terms（分数：4.00）_24.hyponymy（分数：4.00）_25.collocative meaning（分数：4.00）_26.What is a semantic field? Why is it useful in our reading?（分数：5.00）_27.What is the
13、 difference between polysemy and perfect homonyms?（分数：5.00）_28.How do you understand semantic motivation?（分数：5.00）_29.Explain the meaning of the phrase “a laconic answer“, using the theory of motivation.（分数：10.00）_30.Explain the rhetoric use of homonyms in Bs speech. Give the two versions of possibl
14、e Chinese translation.A: “What colour would you paint the sun and the wind?“B: “The sun rose and wind blue./（分数：10.00）_英语词汇学自考题-4 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Which kind of meaning is the meaning that is given in the dictionary and that forms the core of word-meaning?A. Conceptual meaning. B. Grammat
15、ical meaning.C. Lexical meaning. D. Associative meaning.（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：2.The semantic change of the word “girl“ from “a young person of either sex“ to “female young person“ is called _.A. extension B. narrowingC. degradation D. elevation（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：3.“Tulip“ and “rose“ are _ of “flowe
16、r“.A. synonyms B. antonymsC. homonyms D. hyponyms（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：上下义关系(hyponymy)指的是词语之间的语义包含关系，即一个意思比较具体的词包含在另外一个意思比较具有概括性的词里面。题目中的“tulip”和“rose”两个词包含在“flower”一词的语义里面。4.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example of _.A. “domicile“ for “home“ B. “diminutive“ for “wee
17、“C. “purse“ for “money“ D. “beaver“ for “girl/（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：转移(transfer)指的是本来指代一样事物的词语转而指代其他的事物。题目中的“purse”原来指装硬币或者纸币的扁平小包，现在则可以指“钱”。这种转移叫相关性转移(associative transfer)。5.The word “criticize“ means “to find fault with“ nowadays. But its original meaning was _.A. curse B. reviewC. appraise D. vie
18、w（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：词的降格(degradation)指的是本来含有褒义或者能使人产生积极联想的词逐渐含有贬义的过程。题目中的“criticize”原意为“评价”，而其现在的意思是“批评”。6._ explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.A. Etymological motivation B. Semantic motivationC. Morphological motivation D. Onomatopoeic motivation（分数
19、：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：语义理据指的是由词的概念意义激发出的对词的相关联想，它可以解释词的字面意义和比喻意义的联系。7.Which two of the following are perfect homonyms?A. Bear (n.)/Bear (v.). B. Are (v.)/R.C. Bow (n.)/Bow (v.). D. Sow (v.)/Sow (n.).（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：完全同形同音异义词(perfect homonyms)指的是词形和发音都相同但是意义不同的词。题目中“bow”(n.)和“bow”(v.)一组及“sow”(v.)和“s
20、ow”(n.)互为同形异音异义词(homographs)；“are”和“R”互为同音异形异义词(homophones)，但 D 项两词发音不相同，不是完全同形同音异义词。8.The differences between synonyms boil down to the three areas: _.A. denotation, connotation and intensity B. connotation, intensity and applicationC. denotation, connotation and application D. connotation, implica
21、tion and application（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：同义词之间的差异主要表现在以下几个方面：外延(denotation)，内涵(connotation)，以及各自的应用(application)。9.Words like “miaow“, “tick-tuck“ and “ping-pong“ are _ motivated.A. onomatopoeically B. morphologicallyC. semantically D. etymologically（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：题目中“miaow”，“tick-tuck”，“ping-
22、pong”等词都是通过模仿自然莽中的声音而产生的，它们的发膏可以表示出其意义，因此它们都是拟声理据(onomatopoeically motivated)词。10.Antonyms are often used in proverbs to _.A. form antithesis to achieve emphasis B. express ideas easilyC. form metaphors D. express ideas economically（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：反义词(antonyms)常常被放置在一起，形成对偶(antithesis)，以此起到强调的作
23、用。许多格言、谚语都有此特征，例如：more haste，less speed(欲速则不迭)。11.That the relationship between the word-form and meaning is conventional and arbitrary means that _.A. the connection between the sign and mean ing has a logical explanationB. all the words are non-motivatedC. the connection between the sign and meani
24、ng does not have a logical explanationD. none of the above（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：12.Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _.A. butcher one who kills goats B. journal periodicalC. companion one who shares bread D. mill places for grinding（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：词义的扩大(extension)指的是原本意思较为具体
25、的词的意思变得较为概括的过程。题目中的“journal”原意为“日报”，而现在的意思是“期刊”。13.Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and _.A. its referent B. its referring expressionsC. its meaning D. its concept（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：14.The antonyms “big“ and “small“ are _.A. contradictory terms B. contrary termsC. relat
26、ive terms D. connected terms（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：对立反义词(contrary terms)可通过两个反义词意义的两极之间不同层级的对立得以最好地体现。此类反义词是可以分级、对立存在的。15.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning. The first meaning is called _.A. primary meaning B. derived meaningC. central me
27、aning D. basic meaning（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：16. 1 is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the second meaning proceeds out in every direction like rays.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Radiation）解析：17. 1 is a process by which a word denoting one thing changes to refer to a di
28、fferent but related thing.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Transfer）解析：18.Contrary terms are 1 antonyms.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：gradable）解析：19.By etymological motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its 1.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：origin）解析：20.“Ground floor“ in British English and
29、“first floor“ in American English have the same 1.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：sense）解析：21.connotation（分数：4.00）_正确答案：(Connotation refer to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.)解析：22.motivation（分数：4.00）_正确答案：(Motivation refers to the relationship between the structure of a wor
30、d/the linguistic symbol and is meaning.)解析：23.contrary terms（分数：4.00）_正确答案：(Antonyms of this type are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes, such as rich and poor.)解析：24.hyponymy（分数：4.00）_正确答案：(Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the m
31、eaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word.)解析：25.collocative meaning（分数：4.00）_正确答案：(Collocative meaning is the word-meaning which is suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.)解析：26.What is a semantic field? Why is it useful in our reading?（分
32、数：5.00）_正确答案：(A semantic field is a meaning area where words share the same concept. A semantic field is useful because it helps pin down the meanings of words in relation to other words in the semantic field. Often, a word is not known until the words that operate with it become known.)解析：27.What i
33、s the difference between polysemy and perfect homonyms?（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Polysemy is a common feature of all natural languages: it means a word has two or more meanings. Perfect homonyms are words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning.)解析：28.How do you understand semantic moti
34、vation?（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.)解析：29.Explain the meaning of the phrase “a laconic answer“, using the theory of motivatio
35、n.（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(Laconic is derived from Lacons, a tribe of people who were known for their “brevity of speech“ and for their habit of never using more words than necessary. So “laconic“ means “brief“ or “short“. It is etymologically motivated. “A laconic answer“ thus is “a short answer“.)解析：30.Ex
36、plain the rhetoric use of homonyms in Bs speech. Give the two versions of possible Chinese translation.A: “What colour would you paint the sun and the wind?“B: “The sun rose and wind blue./（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(The word rose can be defined in two ways: colour of rose and the past form of the verb “rise“; “blue“. in two ways too: the colour blue and the past form of the verb “blow“. The following are two versions of Chinese translation:粉红的太阳，蓝色的风 。太阳升起来了，风吹起来了。)解析：
