1、英语阅读(一)自考题-12 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第一部分 选择题/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Blaming the media for violence is misguided. To better understand the issue of violence and society, it is helpful to examine its historical roots. Certainly not all tribal societies were violent. For example, ma
2、ny native tribes in the American southwest were entirely peaceful. However, for most tribal people throughout most of the world, war and violence have always been part of life. One of our oldest books, the Old Testament, tells of constant tribal wars among the peoples of the Middle East. Likewise, a
3、ncient texts such as the Greek Iliad, the Indian Bhagavad-Gita and the Nordic Beowulf all tell tales of war and violence. Certainly the peoples of ancient Babylonia, Greece, India, and Scandinavia were not influenced by the media, yet most of the earliest human records indicate that violence has bee
4、n an ever-present part of human life. Since violence was with us long before modern media, it seems unlikely that controlling the media now would have much impact on stopping human violence.A comparison of violence in nations around the world indicates that there is no relationship between media vio
5、lence and real violence. In the United States, in 1996, there were 9,390 gun-related deaths. In the same year, Japan had 15 gun-related deaths. Yet the level of violence on television in Japan is higher than that in the U.S. Japanese TV often depicts graphic violence that would not be allowed on U.S
6、. television, and Japanese movie-goers see the same major Hollywood films that Americans see, but street crime is so rare in Tokyo that most people do not worry about it. In contrast, in American cities, people in general, and women in particular, are afraid to walk alone at night. Security is an ev
7、er-present concern in the U.S., where citizens limit their lives in numerous ways to Ureduce the chances of joining/U the 11,000 people who are killed by guns in America each year. However, the number of murders in the U.S. is small compared to Columbia, where, for example, 23,000 people were murder
8、ed in 1999. Columbians have much less exposure to media violence than either Americans or Japanese; they have fewer TV stations and watch fewer films. Indeed, those committing murders in Columbia are often people from the countryside who have the least exposure to the media. Thus people who are not
9、exposed to the media are often more likely to commit violent crimes than those exposed to it. Since Canada borders the U.S., Canadians receive the same TV and radio programs that Americans receive, yet gun violence in Canada is nearly one hundred times lower than that in the U. S. Clearly there is n
10、o significant relationship between media violence and real-life violence. We need to look elsewhere for solutions to real-life violence.（分数：10.00）(1).The author cites the examples of ancient texts in the first paragraph to show that _. A. ancient texts are just as violent as modern media B. ancient
11、societies could be both peaceful and violent C. violence came into being long before modern media did D. there is more violence in ancient, works than in the media（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author uses Japanese, Columbian and Canadian examples to show that real-life violence and media violence _. A. a
12、re not related B. are not serious C. affect each other D. are directly related（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the safest country is _. A. Japan B. Canada C. Columbia D. the U.S.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The phrase “reduces the chances of joining.“ (para. 2) may be r
13、eplaced by _. A. refuses to take part in B. adds to the number of C. avoids becoming one of D. decreases the number of（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, those who are the least exposed to media violence are citizens of _. A. Japan B. the U.S. C. Canada D. Columbia（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第二部分
14、 非选择题/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、B(总题数：1，分数：18.00)Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each family is unique, U U 1 /U /U. They use general information U U 2 /U /U. For example, they will need specific suggestions for problems such as speech defects or backwardness in learning
15、 to walk or control of bodily functions. U U 3 /U /U, though, problems of upbringing are recognized to be problems of relationships within the individual family, the first necessity being a secure emotional background with parents who are united in their attitude to their children.All parents have t
16、o solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The younger the child, U U 4 /U /U. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, U U 5 /U /U. An example of this is the young childs need to play with the mud and sand and water. A child must be allowed to enjoy this “messy“ but tactile stag
17、e of discovery U U 6 /U /U. Similarly, throughout life, each stage depends on the satisfactory completion of the one before.Where one stage of child development has been left out, U U 7 /U /U, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possiblefor example
18、by providing the opportunity for the child U U 8 /U /U. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, U U 9 /U /U.A. the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing himB. In the more general senseC. befor
19、e he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and booksD. her childs continuing development may be warpedE. only as a guide in making decisions and solving problemsF. to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do soO. and is the basis of work
20、 in child clinicsH. or not sufficiently experiencedI. and there can be no rigid general rules.（分数：18.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、B(总题数：8，分数：17.00)1.(courage) I want to thank everyone who has 1 and supported me.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.(various) The newly enrolled ser
21、vicemen are from a 1 of backgrounds as required by the general.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.(anxious) Now she is relieved of her 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.(acquire) Every parent watches eagerly the childs 1 of each new skill.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.(consistent)The irony is that many officials in Washington agree in privat
22、e that their policy is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.(indulge) They treated their grandchildren with fond 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.(relate) She has a close 1 with her neighbors.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.(response) With the computer 1 for the calculation, the research can be completed in time.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_六、B(总题数：1，分数：2
23、0.00)train for depend who accept use varydevelop resulting in social on refer to comparingIt is generally U U 1 /U /Uthat the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative
24、. “Upbringing“ is normally used to U U 2 /U /Uthe treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually distinguished by the term “education“. In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are respon
25、sible U U 3 /U /Uthe opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.The ideals and practices of child rearing U U 4 /U /Ufrom culture to culture. In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringi
26、ng. In more technologically U U 5 /U /Usocieties, the period of childhood and adolescence tends to be extended over a long time, U U 6 /U /Umore opportunity for education and greater variety in character development.Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of t
27、he community and by the parents capabilities and their aims and U U 7 /U /Unot only on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child. Wild differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in children of the same family.Parents can ascertain what is normal in phy
28、sical, mental and U U 8 /U /Udevelopment, by referring to some of the many books based U U 9 /U /Uscientific knowledge in these areas, or less reliably, since the sample is smaller, by comparing notes with friends and relatives U U 10 /U /Uhave children.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
29、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The following 2 questions are based on the passage. Read the passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referring the passage.Blaming the media for violence is misguided. To better understand the issue of violence and society, it
30、is helpful to examine its historical roots. Certainly not all tribal societies were violent. For example, many native tribes in the American southwest were entirely peaceful. However, for most tribal people throughout most of the world, war and violence have always been part of life. One of our olde
31、st books, the Old Testament, tells of constant tribal wars among the peoples of the Middle East. Likewise, ancient texts such as the Greek Iliad, the Indian Bhagavad-Gita and the Nordic Beowulf all tell tales of war and violence. Certainly the peoples of ancient Babylonia, Greece, India, and Scandin
32、avia were not influenced by the media, yet most of the earliest human records indicate that violence has been an ever-present part of human life. Since violence was with us long before modern media, it seems unlikely that controlling the media now would have much impact on stopping human violence.A
33、comparison of violence in nations around the world indicates that there is no relationship between media violence and real violence. In the United States, in 1996, there were 9,390 gun-related deaths. In the same year, Japan had 15 gun-related deaths. Yet the level of violence on television in Japan
34、 is higher than that in the U.S. Japanese TV often depicts graphic violence that would not be allowed on U.S. television, and Japanese movie-goers see the same major Hollywood films that Americans see, but street crime is so rare in Tokyo that most people do not worry about it. In contrast, in Ameri
35、can cities, people in general, and women in particular, are afraid to walk alone at night. Security is an ever-present concern in the U.S., where citizens limit their lives in numerous ways to Ureduce the chances of joining/U the 11,000 people who are killed by guns in America each year. However, th
36、e number of murders in the U.S. is small compared to Columbia, where, for example, 23,000 people were murdered in 1999. Columbians have much less exposure to media violence than either Americans or Japanese; they have fewer TV stations and watch fewer films. Indeed, those committing murders in Colum
37、bia are often people from the countryside who have the least exposure to the media. Thus people who are not exposed to the media are often more likely to commit violent crimes than those exposed to it. Since Canada borders the U.S., Canadians receive the same TV and radio programs that Americans rec
38、eive, yet gun violence in Canada is nearly one hundred times lower than that in the U. S. Clearly there is no significant relationship between media violence and real-life violence. We need to look elsewhere for solutions to real-life violence.（分数：10.00）(1).Why does the author examine the historical
39、 roots of violence in the first paragraph?（分数：5.00）_(2).According to the author, what is the relationship between media violence and real-life violence?（分数：5.00）_八、B(总题数：1，分数：25.00)U U 1 /U /UULearning together is a fruitful source of relationship between children and parents./U By playing together,
40、 parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. U U 2 /U /UUToys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation./U Building block toys and jigsaw puzzles and crosswords are good examples.U U 3 /U /UUParen
41、ts vary greatly in their degree of strictness and indulgence towards their children./U Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the pare
42、nts and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness and well-being.U U 4 /U /UUAs regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching./U To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality.
43、 U U 5 /U /UUAlso, parents should realize that “example is better than precept“./U（分数：25.00）_英语阅读(一)自考题-12 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第一部分 选择题/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Blaming the media for violence is misguided. To better understand the issue of violence and society, it is helpful to ex
44、amine its historical roots. Certainly not all tribal societies were violent. For example, many native tribes in the American southwest were entirely peaceful. However, for most tribal people throughout most of the world, war and violence have always been part of life. One of our oldest books, the Old Testament, tells of constant tribal wars among the peoples of the Middle East. Likewise, ancient texts such as the Greek Iliad, the Indian Bha
