1、高级英语自考题分类模拟 15 及答案解析(总分：100.02，做题时间：90 分钟)1.By ordinary standards these are _ enough to qualify one as coming from Watts.（分数：0.50）A.proveB.credentialsC.showD.attitude2.The Watts-as-a-way-station _ has a firm hold on both those who remain and those who leave.（分数：0.50）A.physicsB.physicalC.mentalD.ment
2、ality3.Without exception, the prime American values _ the notion.（分数：0.50）A.scoreB.overscoreC.underscoreD.underscored4.Regardless of _ poll results, a number of objections have been published in newspapers.（分数：0.50）A.practicalB.sensibleC.favorableD.outstanding5.I“ll never escape from the ghetto. I h
3、ave _ my all on its future. Watts is my home.（分数：0.50）A.stakedB.stakeC.stakesD.staking6.As a customer, you don“t have to spend much time _ over what brand of coffee or home appliance to select.（分数：0.50）A.deliberateB.deliberatingC.deliberatedD.deliberates7.He got his tip by telephone from a J they _
4、relationships.（分数：0.50）A.cultivationsB.cultureC.cultivateD.civilization10.They are _ giving the customer more than he or she expects.（分数：0.50）A.adoptB.adepted atC.adept atD.adopted11.When salesmen are doing well, there is pressure upon them to begin _ better, for fear they may start doing worse.（分数：
5、0.50）A.didB.doneC.doingD.do12.The concentration of populations in cities has given _ to many problems of housing, education, and medical services.（分数：0.50）A.riseB.reasonC.resultD.responseRead the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items. (1)People who grow up in a particul
6、ar culture share certain values and assumptions. That doesn“t mean they all share exactly the same values, to exactly the same extent It does mean that most of them, most of the time, mostly agree with each other“s ideas about what is right and wrong, desirable and undesirable, and so on. They also
7、agree, mostly, with each other“s assumptions about human nature, social relationships, and so on. (2)One of the most important things to understand about Americans is how devoted they are to “individualism“. They have been trained since very early in their lives to consider themselves as separate in
8、dividuals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their own destinies. They have not been trained to see themselves as members of a close-knit, tightly interdependent family, religious group, tribe or nation. (3)You can see this in the way Americans treat their children. Even very y
9、oung children are given opportunities to make their own choices and express their opinions. A parent will ask a one-year-old child what color balloon she wants, which dessert she prefers, or where she wants to sit. The child“s preference will normally be accommodated. Through this process, Americans
10、 come to see themselves as separate human beings who have their own opinions and who are responsible for their own decisions. (4) Indeed, American child-rearing manuals state that the parents“ objective is for the child to move out of the parents“ house and make his or her own way in life. Americans
11、 take this advice very seriously, so much so that someone who remains dependent on their parents longer than the norm may be thought to be “immature“, “tied to the mother“s apron strings“, or otherwise unable to lead a normal independent life. (5)Americans are trained to conceive of themselves as se
12、parate individuals, and they assume everyone else in the world is so, too. When they encounter a person from abroad who seems to them excessively concerned with the opinions of parents, following traditions, or fulfilling obligations to others, they assume that the person feels trapped, or is weak a
13、nd “too dependent“. (6)Americans, then, consider the ideal person to be an individualistic, self-reliant, independent person. They assume, incorrectly, that people from elsewhere share this value and this self-concept. In the degree to which they glorify “the individual“ who stands alone and makes h
14、is or her own decisions, Americans are quite distinctive. (7)The American version of the “ideal individual“ prefers an atmosphere of freedom, where neither the government nor any other external force or agency dictates what the individual does. For Americans, the ideal of individual freedom is stron
15、gly positive. By contrast, people from many other cultures regard some of the behaviors Americans justify as “individual freedom“ to be self-centered and lack in consideration for others. (8)Foreigners who understand the degree to which Americans are imbued with the notion that the free, self-relian
16、t individual is the ideal kind of human being will be able to understand many aspects of American behavior and thinking that otherwise might not make sense. A very few of the many possible examples. (9)Americans see those individuals as heroes who “stand out from the crowd“ by doing something first,
17、 longest, most often, or otherwise “best“. Examples are aviators Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart. (10)Americans admire people who have overcome adverse circumstances (for example, poverty or a physical handicap) and “succeeded“ in life. Black educator Booker T. Washington is one example; the bl
18、ind and deaf author and lecturer Helen Keller is another one. (11)Many Americans do not display the degree of respect for their parents that people in more traditional or family-oriented societies commonly display. They have the conception that it was a sort of historical or biological accident that
19、 put them in the hands of particular parents, that the parents fulfilled their responsibilities to the children while the children were young, and now that the children have reached “the age of independence“ the close child-parent ties are loosened, if not broken. (12)It isn“t unusual for Americans
20、who are beyond the age of about 22 and who are still living with their parents to pay their parents for room and board. Elderly parents living with their grown children may do likewise. Paying for room and board is a way of showing independence, self-reliance, and responsibility for oneself. (13)Cer
21、tain phrases one commonly hears among Americans which capture their devotion to individualism include. (14)“Do your own thing.“ (15)“I did it in my own way.“ (16)“You“ll have to decide that for yourself.“ (17)“You made your bed, now lie in it.“ (18)“God helps those who help themselves.“ (19)“Look ou
22、t for number one.“ (20)Closely associated with the value they place on individualism is the importance Americans assign to privacy. Americans assume that people “need some time for themselves“ or “some time alone“ to think about things or to recover their spent psychological energy. Americans have g
23、reat difficulty understanding someone who always wants to be with another person and dislikes being alone. (21)If the parents can afford it, each child will have his or her own bedroom. Having one“s own bedroom, even as an infant, imbues people with the notion that they“re entitled to a place of the
24、ir own where they can be by themselves and keep their possessions. They have their own clothes, toys, books and so on. These things are theirs and no one else“s. (22)Americans assume that people have their “private thoughts“ that might never be shared with anyone else. Doctors, lawyers, psychiatrist
25、s, and others have rules governing “confidentiality“ that are intended to prevent information about their clients“ personal situations from becoming known to others. (23)Americans“ attitudes about privacy can be difficult for foreigners to understand. Americans“ houses, yards, and even their offices
26、 can seem open and inviting, yet, in the Americans minds, there are boundaries that other people are simply not supposed to cross. When the boundaries are crossed, Americans will visibly stiffen and their manner will become cool.（分数：35.01）(1).In this section, there are Five incomplete statements, fo
27、llowed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. The author clearly believes that American culture _.（分数：3.89）A.is better than other culturesB.is full of problems that Americans should do something about itC.can be puzzling
28、to people from other culturesD.is fascinating and exciting(2).According to the author, Americans are devoted to “individualism“ because _.（分数：3.89）A.they“ve been trained to see themselves as separate individuals who are responsible for themselvesB.their parents rarely refuse their requestsC.they“ve
29、learned from an early age that they can“t rely on their familiesD.they think it is the key to happiness(3).The author observes that for Americans, being dependent on one“s parents longer than the norm is _.（分数：3.89）A.criminal behaviorB.a sign that something may be wrongC.a feature of a loving, close
30、-knit familyD.shows that one loves ones parents too much(4).Americans“ assumption that everyone in the world sees himself or herself as a separate individual _.（分数：3.89）A.springs from their own cultural trainingB.leads to misunderstandings with people from other culturesC.means that Americans are mo
31、re independent than the people from other culturesD.both A and B(5).The author notes that _.（分数：3.89）A.it“s unfair to criticize Americans for being self-centered and lacking in consideration for othersB.Americans are foolish to consider individual freedom strongly positiveC.there“s more than one poi
32、nt of view when it comes to what Americans call “individual freedom“D.American enjoy more personal freedom than people from other cultures do(6).Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write the translation on your Answer Sheet. They have been trained since very early in their lives to co
33、nsider themselves as separate individuals who are responsible for their own situations and their own destinies.（分数：3.89）_(7).They assume, incorrectly, that people from elsewhere share this value and this self-concept.（分数：3.89）_(8).Many Americans do not display the degree of respect for their parents
34、 that people in more traditional or family-oriented societies commonly display.（分数：3.89）_(9).Answer the following essay question in English within 80100 words. What gives rise to the misunderstanding between Americans and people from other cultures with respect to “individualism“?（分数：3.89）_Read the
35、following passage carefully and complete the succeeding three items. (1) It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wasted on the young. (2)A recent newspaper report on a survey conducted annually among college freshmen states that today“s students are “more material
36、istic and less altruistic(无私的)“ than at any other time in the 17 years of the survey. (3)Not surprising in these hard times, students“ major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life“. As a result, the most popular college course
37、 today is not literature or history but accounting. (4)Student“ interest in teaching, social service and other altruistic fields is at a low level, while enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up. (5)That“s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a salesperson for a c
38、hemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors in her first year on the jobeven before she completed her two-year associate degree. (6)“What good does their music (or history or literature) do them?“ She was fond of saying. And that was four years ago. I don“t think I want t
39、o know how much she“ earning now. (7)Frankly, I“m proud of the young womannot of her attitude, but of her success. But why can“t we have it both ways? Can“t we educate people for life as well as for a career? (8)In a time of increasing specializationa time when 90 percent of all the scientists who h
40、ave ever lived are currently alivemore than ever we need to know what is truly important in life. Most of us learn this too late in life. It“s only between the ages of 30 and 50 that most people finally arrive at the inevitable conclusion that they were meant to do more than serve a corporation, a g
41、overnment agency, or whatever. We realize that quality of life is not entirely determined by a balance sheet. Sure, everyone wants to feel that we have a perspective on the world beyond the confines of our occupation; we want to be able to serve our fellow men. (9)If it“s a fact that these realizati
42、ons do not dawn until mid-life, is it then not the role of educational institutions to prepare the way for them? (10)While it“s true that everyone needs a careerpreferably a well-paid oneit“s equally true that our civilization has amassed an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from
43、our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributionsbe they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as t
44、o see beyond our immediate needs. (11)But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently that shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of the
45、m is talking on the intercom. “Miss Baxter,“ he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?“ (12)In the long run that“s what education really ought to be about. And I think it can be. My college roommate, now head of a large shipping company in New York, not surpris
46、ingly was a business major. But he also hosted a classical music show on the college“s radio station and listened to Wagner as he studied his accounting. That“s the way it should be. Oscar Wilde was right when he said that we not only ought to give our ability to our work but our genius to our lives
47、. (13)Let“s hope our educators answer the students“ cries for career education, but at the same time let“s ensure that the students are prepared for the day when they realize what life is really all about.（分数：35.01）(1).In this section, there are Five incomplete statements, followed by four choices m
48、arked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Shee. According to the author, the following statement that _ is not true.（分数：3.89）A.students are faced with hard times nowB.it is surprising that students“ chief aim is to be richC.accounting is the most popular college courseD.being rich is more important than developing a meaningful philosophy of life(2).The author feels that the materialism of college fre
