1、2010年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：76.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：40.00)My father was a justice of the peace, and I supposed he possessed the power of life and death over all men and could hang anybody that offended him. This was distinction enough for me as a general thing; but the desire to be a st
2、eamboat man kept intruding, nevertheless. I first wanted to be a cabin boy, so that 1 could come out with a white apron on and shake a tablecloth over the side, where all my old comrades could see me. Later I thought I would rather be the deck hand who stood on the end of the stage plank with a coil
3、 of rope in his hand, because he was particularly conspicuous. But these were only daydreamstoo heavenly to be contemplated as real possibilities. By and by one of the boys went away. He was not heard of for a long time. At last he turned up as an apprentice engineer or “sinker“on a steamboat. This
4、thing shook the bottom out of all my Sunday-school teachings. That boy had been notoriously worldly and I had been just reverseyet he was exalted to this eminence, and I was left in obscurity and misery. There was nothing generous about this fellow in his greatness. He would always manage to have a
5、rusty bolt to scrub while his boat was docked at our town, and he would sit on the inside guard and scrub it, where we could all see him and envy him and loathe him. He used all sorts of steamboat technicalities in his talk, as if he were so used to them that he forgot common people could not unders
6、tand them. He would speak of the “labboard“ side of a horse in an easy, natural way that would make you wish he was dead. And he was always talking about “St. Looy“ like an old citizen. Two or three of the boys had long been persons of consideration among us because they had been to St. Louis once a
7、nd had a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory was over now. They lapsed into a humble silence, and learned to disappear when the ruthless “cub“ engineer approached. This fellow had money, too, and hair oil, and he wore a showy brass watch chain a leather belt, and used
8、no suspenders. No girl could withstand his charms. He “cut out“every boy in the village. When his boat blew up at last, it diffused a tranquil contentment among us such as we had not known for months. But when he came home the next week, alive, renowned, and appeared in church all battered up and ba
9、ndaged, a shining hero, stared at and wondered over by everybody, it seemed to us that the partiality of Providence for an undeserving reptile had reached a point where it was open to criticism. This creature“s career could produce but one result, and it speedily followed. Boy after boy managed to g
10、et on the river, four sons of the chief merchant, and two sons of the country judge became pilots, the grandest position of all. But some of us could not get on the riverat least our parents would not let us. So by and by I ran away. I said I would never come home again till I was a pilot and cold r
11、eturn in glory. But somehow I could not manage it. I went meekly aboard a few of the boats that lay packed together like sardines at the long St. Louis wharf, and very humbly inquired for the pilots, but got only a cold shoulder and short words from mates and clerks. I had to make the best of this s
12、ort of treatment for the time being, but I had comforting daydreams of a future when I should be a great and honored pilot, with plenty of money, and could kill some of these mates and clerks and pay for them.（分数：16.00）(1).The author makes the statement that“ I supposed he . offended him“(Para. 1, L
13、ines 1 - 2)primarily to suggest_.（分数：2.00）A.the power held by a justice of the peace in a frontier townB.the naive view that he held of his father“s importanceC.the respect in which the townspeople held his fatherD.the possibility of miscarriages of justice on the American frontier(2).The author dec
14、ides that he would rather become a deck hand than a cabin boy because_.（分数：2.00）A.he believes that the work is easierB.he wants to avoid seeing his old friendsC.deck hands often go on to become pilotsD.the job is more visible to passersby(3).The author most likely mentions his “Sunday-school teachin
15、gs“(Para. 2)to emphasize_.（分数：2.00）A.the influence of his early education in later lifeB.his sense of injustice at the engineer“s successC.his disillusionment with longstanding religious beliefsD.determination to become an engineer at all costs(4).The author most likely concludes that the engineer i
16、s not “ generous“(Para. 2)because he_.（分数：2.00）A.has no respect for religious beliefsB.refuses to share his wages with friendsC.flaunts his new position in publicD.takes a pride in material possessions(5).The author mentions the use of “steamboat technicalities“(Para. 3)in order to emphasize the eng
17、ineer“s_.（分数：2.00）A.expertise after a few months on the jobB.fascination for trivial informationC.inability to communicate effectivelyD.desire to appear sophisticated(6).According to the passage, the glory of having visited St. Louis was over because_.（分数：2.00）A.the boys“ knowledge of St. Louis was
18、much less detailed than the engineer“sB.St. Louis had changed so much that the boys“ stories were no longer accurateC.the boys realized that traveling to St. Louis was not a mark of sophisticationD.the engineer“s account revealed that the boys“ stories were lies(7).The author“s response to the engin
19、eer“s survival(Para. 3)is one of_.（分数：2.00）A.thankfulness for what he believes is God“s providenceB.astonishment at the engineer“s miraculous escapeC.outrage at his rival“s undeserved good fortuneD.sympathy for the extent of the engineer“s wounds(8).The major purpose of the passage is to_.（分数：2.00）A
20、.sketch the peaceful life of a frontier townB.relate the events that led to a boy“s first success in lifeC.portray the unsophisticated ambitions of a boyD.describe the characteristics of a small-town boasterThe ozone layer, the fragile layer of gas surrounding our planet between 7 and 30 miles above
21、 the earth“s surface, is being rapidly depleted. Seasonally occurring holes have appeared in it over the Poles and, recently, over densely populated temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The threat is serious because the ozone layer protects the earth from the sun“s ultraviolet radiation, wh
22、ich is harmful to all living organisms. Even though the layer is many miles thick, the atmosphere in it is tenuous and the total amount of ozone, compared with other atmospheric gases, is small. Ozone is highly reactive to chlorine, hydrogen , and nitrogen. Of course chlorine is the most dangerous s
23、ince it is very stable and long-lived. When chlorine compounds reach the stratosphere, they bond with and destroy ozone molecules, with consequent repercussions for life on Earth. In 1958, researchers began noticing seasonal variations in the ozone layer above the South Pole. Between June and Octobe
24、r the ozone content steadily fell, followed by a sudden increase in November. These fluctuations appeared to result from the natural effects of wind and temperature. But while the low October levels remained constant until 1979, the total ozone content over the Pole was steadily diminishing. In 1985
25、, public opinion was finally aroused by reports of a“hole“in the layer. The culprits responsible for the hole were identified as compounds known as chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs. CFCs are compounds of chlorine and fluorine. Nonflammable, nontoxic and noncorrosive, they have been widely used in indust
26、ry since the 1950s, mostly as refrigerants and propellants and in making plastic foam and insulation. In 1989 CFCs represented a sizable market value at over $1.5 billion and a labor force of 1.6 million. But with CFCs implicated in ozone depletion, the question arose as to whether we were wiling to
27、 risk an increase in cases of skin cancer, eye ailments, even a lowering of the human immune defense systemall effects of further loss of the ozone layer. And not only humans would suffer. So would plant life. Phytoplankton, the first link in the ocean food chain and vital to the survival of most ma
28、rine species, would not be able to survive near the ocean surface, which is where these organisms grow. In 1990, 70 countries agreed to stop producing CFCs by the year 2000. In late 1991 , however, scientists noticed a depletion of the ozone layer over the Arctic. In 1992, it was announced that the
29、layer was depleting faster then expected and that it was also declining over the northern hemisphere. Scientists believe that natural events are making the problem worse. The Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines, which erupted in June 1991, released 12 million tons of damaging volcanic gases into the
30、 atmosphere. Even if the whole world agreed today to stop all production and use of CFCs, this would not solve the problem. A single chlorine molecule can destroy 10, 000-100, 000 molecules of ozone. Furthermore, CFCs have a lifespan of 75 - 400 years and they take ten years to reach the ozone layer
31、. In other words, what we are experiencing today results from CFCs emitted ten years ago. Researchers are working hard to find substitute products. Some are too dangerous because they are highly flammable; others may prove to be toxic and to contribute to the greenhouse effectto the process of globa
32、l warming. Nevertheless, even if there is no denying that atmosphere is in a state of disturbance, nobody can say that the situation will not improve, either in the short or the long term, especially if we ourselves lend a hand.（分数：16.00）(1).As it is described in the passage, the major function of t
33、he ozone layer is closest to that of_.（分数：2.00）A.an emergency evacuation place for a skyscraperB.a central information desk at a convention centreC.the filtering system for a city water supplyD.the structural support for a suspension bridge(2).The word “tenuous“(Para. 2)most nearly means_.（分数：2.00）A
34、.hazyB.tenseC.clearD.thin(3).Which of the following does the passage imply about the“seasonal variations in the ozone layer“(Para. 3)observed by scientists in 1958?（分数：2.00）A.They were caused by industrial substances other than CFCs.B.They created alarm among scientists but not the public.C.They wer
35、e least stable in the months between June and November.D.They opened the public eyes to the threat of ozone depletion.(4).The author mentions market and workforce figures related to CFC production in order to point out that_.（分数：2.00）A.responsibility for the problems of ozone depletion lies primaril
36、y with industryB.the disadvantages of CFCs are obvious while the benefits are notC.the magnitude of profits from CFCs has turned public opinion against the industry“s practicesD.while the economic stakes are large, they are overshadowed by the effects of CFCs(5).In Para. 6, the author cites the evid
37、ence of changes in the ozone layer over the northern hemisphere to indicate that_.（分数：2.00）A.the danger of ozone depletion appear to be intensifyingB.ozone depletion is posing an immediate threat to many marine speciesC.scientists are unsure about the ultimate effects of ozone loss on plantsD.CFCs a
38、re not the primary cause of ozone depletion in such areas(6).Which of the following scientists apparently believe about the“ volcanic gases“ mentioned in Para. 6?（分数：2.00）A.They are hastening ozone loss at present.B.They contribute more to global warming than to ozone loss.C.They pose a greater long
39、-term threat than CFCs.D.They contain molecules that are less destructive of ozone than CFCs.(7).The author“s reference to the long life of chlorine molecules(Para. 7)is meant to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.there is more than adequate time to develop a long-term strategy against ozone lossB.the positive e
40、ffects of actions taken against ozone loss will be gradualC.the long-term effects of ozone loss on human health may never be knownD.it is doubtful that normal levels of ozone can ever be reestablished(8).In the final paragraph, the author tries to emphasize that_.（分数：2.00）A.researchers are unlikely
41、to find effective substitutes for CFCsB.human action can alleviate the decline of the ozone layerC.people must learn to line with the damaging effects of industrial pollutantsD.atmospheric conditions are largely beyond human controlMaman-Nainaine said that when the figs were ripe Babette might go to
42、 visit her cousin down on the Bayou-Lafourche where the sugar cane grows. Not that the ripening of the figs had the least thing to do with it, but that is the way Maman-Nainaine was. It seemed to Babette a very long time to wait; for the leaves upon the trees were tender yet, and the figs were like
43、little hard green marbles. But warm rains came along and plenty of strong sunshine; and though Maman-Nainaine was as patient as the statue of la Madone, and Babette as restless as a hummingbird, the first thing they both knew it was hot summertime. Every day Babette danced out to where the fig trees
44、 were in a long line against the fence. She walked slowly beneath them, carefully peering between the gnarled, spreading branches. But each time she came disconsolate away again. What she saw there finally was something that made her sing and dance the whole day long. When Maman-Nainaine sat down in
45、 her stately way to breakfast, the following morning, her muslin cap standing like an aureole about her white, placid face, Babette approached. She bore a dainty porcelain platter, which she set down before her godmother. It contained a dozen purple figs, fringed around with their rich, green leaves
46、. “Ah, “said Maman-Nainaine arching her eyebrows, “ how early the figs have ripened this year!“ “Oh, “said Babette. “I think they have ripened very late. “ “ Babette, “ continued Maman-Nainaine, as she peeled the very plumpest figs with her pointed silver fruit-knives, “you will carry my love to the
47、m all down to Bayou-Lafourche. And tell your Tante Frosine I shall look for her at Toussaintwhen the chrysanthemums are in bloom.（分数：8.00）(1).Which of the following does the phrase “but that is the way Maman-Nainaine was“ suggest about Maman-Nainaine?（分数：2.00）A.She was not aware of the seriousness o
48、f the situation.B.She was an overtly strict woman.C.Her actions had their own logic.D.She gave out punishment for no reason.(2).All of the following pairs of words illustrate the difference between Maman-Nainaine and Babette EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.patient and “restless“B.ripe and “bloom“C.purple and gre
49、enD.early and late(3).Which of the following does the word “though“(Line 1 , Para. 3)imply in the context of the sentence?（分数：2.00）A.The two women were in disagreement.B.Patience is a virtue when waiting for something.C.Maman-Nainaine“s patience was annoying to Babette.D.Their patience and impatience had no effect on nature.(4).The narrative point of view of the passage as a whole is that of_.（分数：2.00）A.a third-person objective observerB.a first-person impartial observerC.the protagonistD.a disapproving obser
