1、2010年中山大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：82.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、音标题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary.(10 points)Example: find/faind/ beneath/bi“ni:/advantageous（分数：2.00）_2.cushions（分数：2.00）_3.paradigm（分数：2.00）_4.propagate（分数：2.00）_5.synonymy（分数
2、：2.00）_6.kernel（分数：2.00）_7.cohesion（分数：2.00）_8.tagmemics（分数：2.00）_9.immobile（分数：2.00）_10.prefix（分数：2.00）_二、填空题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)11.“By 1is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two le
3、vels has its own principles of organization. “（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.The IPA chart has been revised and corrected several times and is widely used in dictionaries and textbooks throughout the world. The latest version was revised in 1993 and updated in 1996 and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13. 1 refers to the chan
4、ge of the form of a word or phrase, resulting from an incorrect popular notion of the origin or meaning of the term, or from the influence of more familiar terms mistakenly taken to be analogous.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.The development of modern linguistic science has helped push the study of syntax beyon
5、d the traditional sentence boundary. More linguists are now exploring the syntactic relation between sentences in a paragraph or chapter or the whole text, which leads to the emergence of text linguistics and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.Predicate logic, also called predicate calculus, studies the internal
6、structure of simple propositions. In this logical system, propositions like Socrates is a man will be analyzed into two parts; 1and a predicate.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16. 1seeks to ascertain the global integrated system of conceptual structuring in language.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.When Hymes“ theory of 1was int
7、roduced into the field as an antagonism to the traditional philosophy in language teaching, language teachers began to pay more attention to the question of how to train their students as active and successful language users in a real language context.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_18.Levinson presents his three h
8、euristics, which are derived from 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.The form thou in Early Modern English, the second person singular pronoun equivalent to the French form tu, was used to signal 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20.Computational linguistics, dealing with computer processing of human language, includes programme
9、d instruction, speech synthesis and recognition, automatic translation, and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_21.Nunan(1988)suggests that a curriculum is concerned with making general statements about language learning, learning purpose, and experience, and the relationship between teachers and learners, whereas a
10、1 is more localized and is based on the accounts and records of what actually happens at the classroom level as teachers and students apply a curriculum to their situation.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.Saussure“s ideas were developed along three lines; linguistics, 1 and psychology.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.The Pragu
11、e School practiced a special style of synchronic linguistics, and its most important contribution to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_24.In SFG, mental processes express such mental phenomena as “perception“ , “ 1“ and “cognition“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.Bloomfield“s Lan
12、guage(1933)was once held as the 1of scientific methodology and the greatest work in linguistics on both sides of the Atlantic in the 20th century.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、名词解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)26.Macrolinguistics（分数：2.00）_27.Cardinal vowels（分数：2.00）_28.Three senses of “word“（分数：2.00）_29.Recursiveness（分数：2.0
13、0）_30.Conceptual meaning（分数：2.00）_31.Categorization（分数：2.00）_32.Context of situation（分数：2.00）_33.Constatives（分数：2.00）_34.I-narrator（分数：2.00）_35.Systemic Grammar（分数：2.00）_四、举例说明题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)36.Our language can be used to talk about itself.（分数：2.00）_37.Syntax is about principles of forming and unde
14、rstanding correct English sentences.（分数：2.00）_38.The meaning of a sentence is obviously related to the meanings of the words used in it. But it is also obvious that the former is not sum total of the latter.（分数：2.00）_五、简答题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)39.What is psycholinguistics?（分数：2.00）_40.How does language rel
15、ate to culture?（分数：2.00）_41.What is Malinowski“s main contribution to the study of language?（分数：2.00）_2010年中山大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案解析(总分：82.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、音标题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary.(10 points)Example: find/faind/ beneath/bi
16、“ni:/advantageous（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：advantageous-/ )解析：2.cushions（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：cushions-/ )解析：3.paradigm（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：paradigm-/ )解析：4.propagate（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：propagate-/ )解析：5.synonymy（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：synonymy-/ )解析：6.kernel（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：kernel-/ )解析：7.cohesion（分数：2
17、.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：cohesion-/ )解析：8.tagmemics（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：tagmemics-/ )解析：9.immobile（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：immobile-/ )解析：10.prefix（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：prefix-/ )解析：二、填空题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)11.“By 1is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are com
18、posed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization. “（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：duality）解析：解析：(考查语言的二重性)二重性指语言拥有两层结构的这种特性，底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则。12.The IPA chart has been revised and corrected several times and is widely used in dictionari
19、es and textbooks throughout the world. The latest version was revised in 1993 and updated in 1996 and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：in the chart，the sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels）解析：解析：(考查对国际音标的修订的了解)国际音标被修订和修改了几次，现在已经广泛运用于世界各地的字典和课本中。最新版的国际音标在 1993年修订，在 1996年又有更新。在国际音标表中，语音被
20、分成了辅音和元音两种。13. 1 refers to the change of the form of a word or phrase, resulting from an incorrect popular notion of the origin or meaning of the term, or from the influence of more familiar terms mistakenly taken to be analogous.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Folk etymology）解析：解析：(考查俗词源的定义)俗词源是指词或者短语的
21、形式由于对词源的错误而又普遍的解释或者对词义的错误理解，或者由于受到更熟悉的词汇的影响而进行错误的类推，导致了新的词义的产生。14.The development of modern linguistic science has helped push the study of syntax beyond the traditional sentence boundary. More linguists are now exploring the syntactic relation between sentences in a paragraph or chapter or the whol
22、e text, which leads to the emergence of text linguistics and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：discourse analysis）解析：解析：(考查现代语言学发展中的语篇分析)现代语言学的发展已经把句法的研究推进到了传统句子研究的范围之外，越来越多的语言学家们正在探索一个段落或者一章甚或一个语篇中句子与句子之间的句法关系，这就导致了语篇语言学和语篇分析的出现。15.Predicate logic, also called predicate calculus, studies the internal s
23、tructure of simple propositions. In this logical system, propositions like Socrates is a man will be analyzed into two parts; 1and a predicate.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：an argument）解析：解析：(考查命题逻辑)命题逻辑，也叫命题演算，研究简单命题的内部结构。在这样的逻辑系统中，“苏格拉底是个人”这样的命题将会被分成两个部分：主目和谓词。16. 1seeks to ascertain the global inte
24、grated system of conceptual structuring in language.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Cognitive linguistics）解析：解析：(考查认知语言学)认知语言学试图确定语言中概念结构的整体结构系统。17.When Hymes“ theory of 1was introduced into the field as an antagonism to the traditional philosophy in language teaching, language teachers began to pay mor
25、e attention to the question of how to train their students as active and successful language users in a real language context.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Communicative competence）解析：解析：(考查交际能力理论)当 Hymes的交际能力理论被当作对传统教学方式的反驳而引进教学领域的时候，从事语言教学的老师开始更多地把注意力投入到如何把学生当成是实际语境中积极且成功的语言应用者这一问题上来。18.Levinson pre
26、sents his three heuristics, which are derived from 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Principle of Quantity，Principle of Informativeness and Principle of Manner）解析：解析：(考查探索学习法)Levinson 提出了三条“探索学习法”，它们源于数量原则、信息原则和方式原则。19.The form thou in Early Modern English, the second person singular pronoun equivalent
27、to the French form tu, was used to signal 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：either intimacy or that the speaker was of higher social status than the addressee）解析：解析：(考查对“thou”的了解)在早期的现代英语中，“thou”是第二人称单数代词，它相当于法语中的“tu”，用于表示说话者之间关系的亲密及友好，或者表示说话者的社会地位高于受话人。20.Computational linguistics, dealing with compute
28、r processing of human language, includes programmed instruction, speech synthesis and recognition, automatic translation, and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：text processing and communication between people and computers）解析：解析：(考查计算机语言学)计算机语言学通过计算机处理人类语言，包括程序教学，人类语言的电子生成和识别，机器翻译以及语篇处理和人与计算机之间的交流。21.Nu
29、nan(1988)suggests that a curriculum is concerned with making general statements about language learning, learning purpose, and experience, and the relationship between teachers and learners, whereas a 1 is more localized and is based on the accounts and records of what actually happens at the classr
30、oom level as teachers and students apply a curriculum to their situation.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：syllabus）解析：解析：(考查对教学大纲的了解)1988 年 Nunan提出的“课程计划”是对语言学习、学习目的、学习经验以及师生之间的关系进行的一般陈述；而“教学大纲”则更加细化，它是建立在对老师和学生把“课程计划”应用到实际场景中时所发生的一切事情进行记录和解释的基础上的。22.Saussure“s ideas were developed along three lines; lin
31、guistics, 1 and psychology.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：sociology）解析：解析：(考查索绪尔的理论的来源)索绪尔的理论是从三个方面发展起来的：语言学、社会学以及心理学。23.The Prague School practiced a special style of synchronic linguistics, and its most important contribution to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答
32、案：正确答案：function）解析：解析：(考查对布拉格学派的了解)布拉格学派对共时语言学这种特殊的语言学进行了研究，这个学派对语言学最突出的贡献在于在某种意义上他们把语言看作是一种“功能”。24.In SFG, mental processes express such mental phenomena as “perception“ , “ 1“ and “cognition“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：reaction）解析：解析：(考查对系统功能语法中的心理过程的了解)在系统功能语法中，心理过程表示诸如感觉(see，look)、反应(1ike，pleas
33、e)和认知(know，believe，convince)等心理活动。25.Bloomfield“s Language(1933)was once held as the 1of scientific methodology and the greatest work in linguistics on both sides of the Atlantic in the 20th century.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：model）解析：解析：(考查对布龙菲尔德的语言论的了解)布龙菲尔德的语言论在 20世纪一度被大西洋两岸同时奉为科学的方法论之典范以及语言学方面最
34、伟大的著作。三、名词解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)26.Macrolinguistics（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Macrolinguistics is the interaction study between language and language-related disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, ethnography, science of law, artificial intelligence, etc. The branches of macrolinguistics include psychol
35、inguistics, sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, etc.)解析：解析：(考查宏观语言学)27.Cardinal vowels（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：The cardinal vowels are a set of vowel qualities arbitrarily defined, fixed and unchanging, intended to provide a frame of reference for the description of the actual vowels of exist
36、ing languages.)解析：解析：(考查基本元音)28.Three senses of “word“（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Word is a physically definable unit; Word is both a general term and a specific term; Word is a grammatical unit.)解析：解析：(考查“词”的三种定义)29.Recursiveness（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：It mainly means that a phrasal constituent can be emended with(i.e., be dominated by)another constituent having the same
