1、2010年南开大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选词填空(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form if necessary. Each word can be used only once. （分数：40.00）(1).Fertility is falling and families are shrinking in placessuch as Brazil, Indonesia, and even parts of In
2、diathat people think of 1as with children.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).If population policy can do little to 1 environmental damage, then the human race will have to rely on technology and governance to shift the world“s economy towards cleaner growth.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Anger is like a(n) 1horse. Unless we
3、govern it, we are at its mercy. So we need to learn how to manage anger.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).They are so absorbed in their conversation that they are totally 1 to what is happening around them.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).When asked whether he gets 1with the industry, he states that he never gets disturbed si
4、nce he is passionate with what he does and the people that surround him.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Normally, at the beginning of war the spirit of the enemy is keen and irresistible. A certain period later, it will decline and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).The trick in fundraising is to 1money out of people who do
5、n“t want to give it away.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).The new insurance policy is written without 1or mysterious terms.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).The grand jury 1her for murder.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).He hesitated about climbing such a small, 1ladder.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(11).The chair has the power to 1a meeting. But the
6、power must be exercised for proper purpose.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(12).American government paid vast 1to farmers to supplement their agricultural activities.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(13). 1 on an island, this group of lions should have died out. Instead, in an evolutionary twist, they“ve learned to swim.（分数：2.00）填空
7、项 1:_(14).Tobacco industry gives 1support to anti-smoking laws.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(15). 1is a particular attitude to the social world, characterized by a distrust of other people.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(16).China unveiled its plan to double, by 2020, the 1income of the 750 million people in the countryside.（分
8、数：2.00）填空项 1:_(17).People weep for him and 1him that goes away, for he shall return no more, nor see his native country.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(18).The more she 1my love, the more it grows.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(19).They just talked about common practice and the toughest issues were 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(20).During
9、 the run of TV show Friends, the 1 of characters all achieved household name celebrity status.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_二、完形填空(总题数：1，分数：20.00)There are several things about motorcycling that the average citizen dislikes. A cyclist“s【C1】_has something to do with this dislike. Motorcyclists frequently look dirt
10、y; in fact, they are dirty. On the road there is little to【C2】_them from mud, crushed insects, and bird droppings. For practical reasons they often【C3】_in old clothing which looks much less【C4】_than the clothing of people who ride in cars. For the same reason motorcyclists usually wear【C5】_colors. P
11、erhaps this helps to explain why they are sometimes【C6】_of having evil natures. In old【C7】_of long ago, evil characters usually wore black. In【C8】_movies the “bad guys“ usually wear black hats, 【C9】_the good guys wear lighter colors. And the machine itself also produces anger and fear. Motorcycles a
12、re noisier, though some trucks are even noisier. But trucks are big and cany heavy【C10】_（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.behaviorB.appearanceC.mannerD.attitude(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.protectB.preventC.keepD.restrain(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.cladB.put onC.wearD.dress(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.respectedB.respectiveC.respecta
13、bleD.respectful(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.blackB.darkC.lightD.dull(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.thoughtB.awareC.suspectedD.capable(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.playsB.storiesC.timesD.sayings(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.comicB.lightC.horrorD.cowboy(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.asB.whenC.thoughD.while(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.goodsB.weightC.loadsD.duties三、
14、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：40.00)The first peoples to inhabit what today is the southeastern United States sustained themselves as hunters and gathers. Sometimes early in the first millennium A. D. , however, they began to cultivate corn and other crops. Gradually, as they became more skilled at gardening, they
15、settled into permanent villages and developed a rich culture, characterized by the great earthen mounds they erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead. Most of these early mound builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, which has its beginnings near the Ohi
16、o River and takes its name from sites in Ohio. The culture spread southward into the present-day states of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up
17、 and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains. About A. D. 400, the Hopewell culture fell into decay. Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located. This complex
18、civilization dominated the Southeast from about A. D. 700 until shortly before the Europeans began arriving in the sixteenth century. At the peak of its strength, about the year 1200, it was the most advanced culture in North America. Like their Hopewell predecessors, the Mississippians became highl
19、y skilled at growing food, although on a grander scale. They developed an improved strain of corn, which could survive in wet soil and a relatively cool climate, and also learned to cultivate beans. Indeed, agriculture became so important to the Mississippians that it became closely associated with
20、the Sunthe guarantor of good crops. Many tribes called themselves “ children of the Sun“ and believed their omnipotent priest-chefs were descendants of the great sun god. Although most Mississippians lived in small villages, many others inhabited large towns. Most of these towns boasted at least one
21、 major flat-topped mound on which stood a temple that contained a sacred flame. Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples. The mounds also served as ceremonial and trading sites, and at times they were used as burial grounds.（分数：14.00）(1).What does the passage ma
22、inly discuss?（分数：2.00）A.The development of agriculture.B.The locations of towns and villages.C.The early people and cultures of the United States.D.The construction of burial mounds.(2).Which of the following resulted from the rise of agriculture in the southeastern United States?（分数：2.00）A.The deve
23、lopment of trade in North America.B.The establishment of permanent settlements.C.Conflicts with other Native American groups over land.D.A migration of these peoples to the Rocky Mountains.(3).The word “bartering“ in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.producingB.exchangingC.transportin
24、gD.loading(4).The word “supplanted“ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.conqueredB.precededC.replacedD.imitated(5).According to the passage, how did the agriculture of the Mississippians differ from that of their Hopewell predecessors?（分数：2.00）A.The Mississippians produced more durab
25、le and larger crops of food.B.The Mississippians sold their food to other groups.C.The Mississippians could only grow plants in warm, dry climates.D.The Mississippians produced special foods for their religious leaders.(6).Why does the author mention that many Mississippian tribes called themselves
26、“children of the Sun“(Paragraph 2)?（分数：2.00）A.To explain why they were obedient to their priest-chiefs.B.To argue about the importance of religion in their culture.C.To illustrate the great importance they placed on agriculture.D.To provide an example of their religious rituals.(7).The phrase “charg
27、e with“ in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.passed onB.experienced atC.interested inD.assigned toThe cities in the United States have been the most visible sponsors and beneficiaries of projects that place art in public places. They have shown exceptional imagination in applying the
28、diverse forms of contemporary art to a wide variety of purposes. The activities observed in a number of “pioneer“ cities sponsoring art in public placesa broadening exploration of public sites, an increasing awareness among both sponsors and the public of the varieties of contemporary artistic pract
29、ice, and a growing public enthusiasmare increasingly characteristic of cities across the country. With many cities now undergoing renewed development, opportunities are continuously emerging for the inclusion or art in new or renewed public environments, including buildings, plazas, parks, and trans
30、portation facilities. The result of these activities is a group of artworks that reflect the diversity of contemporary art and the varying character and goals of the sponsoring communities. In sculpture, the projects range from a cartoon-like Mermaid in Miami Beach by Roy Lichtenstein to a small for
31、est planted in New York City by Alan Sonfist. The use of murals followed quickly upon the use of sculpture and has brought to public sites the work of artists as different as the realist Thomas Hart Benton and the Pop artist Robert Rauschenberg. The specialized requirements of particular urban situa
32、tions have further expanded the use of art in public places; in Memphis, sculptor Richard Hunt has crested a monument to Martin Luther King, Jr. who was slain there: in New York, Dan Flavin and Bill Brand have contributed neon and animation works to the enhancement of mass transit facilities. And in
33、 numerous cities, art is being raised as a symbol of the commitment to revitalize urban areas. By continuing to sponsor projects involving a growing body of art in public places, cities will certainly enlarge the situations in which the public encounters and grows familiar with the various forms of
34、contemporary art. Indeed, cities are providing artists with an opportunity to communicate with a new and broader audience. Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions. They are working in new, often m
35、ore durable media, and on an unaccustomed scale.（分数：16.00）(1).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.The influence of art on urban architecture in United States cities.B.The growth of public art in United Stated cities.C.The increase in public appreciation of art in the United Stated.D.The diff
36、erences between public art in Europe and the United States.(2).All of the following are mentioned in Paragraph 1 as results of the trend toward installing contemporary art in public places in the United States EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.the transfer of artwork from private to public sitesB.artworks that rep
37、resent a city“s special characterC.greater interest in art by American publicD.a broader understanding of the varieties of contemporary art(3).According to the passage, new settings for public art are appearing as a result of_.（分数：2.00）A.communities that are building more art museumsB.artists who ar
38、e moving to urban areasC.urban development and renewalD.an increase in the number of artists in the United States(4).The author mentions Roy Lichtenstein and Alan Sonfist in Paragraph 2 in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.show that certain artist are famous mostly for their public artB.introduce the subject of
39、unusual works of artC.demonstrate the diversity of artworks displayed in publicD.contrast the cities of Miami Beach and New York(5).It can be inferred from the passage that the city of Memphis sponsored a work by Richard Hunt because the city authorities believed that_.（分数：2.00）A.the sculpture would
40、 symbolize the urban renewal of MemphisB.Memphis was an appropriate place for a memorial to Martin Luther King Jr.C.the artwork would promote Memphis as a center for the artsD.the sculpture would provide a positive example to other artists(6).The word “revitalize“ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meanin
41、g to_.（分数：2.00）A.show the importance ofB.promise to enlargeC.bring new life toD.provide artworks for(7).The word “executing“in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.judgingB.sellingC.explainingD.producing(8).According to Paragraph 3, artists who work on public art projects are doing all o
42、f the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.creating artworks that are unusual in sizeB.raising funds to sponsor various public projectsC.exposing a large number of people to works of artD.using new materials that are long-lastingTaking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. A
43、t the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems: to read, write and compute at certain levels, and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of se
44、lf-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is “intelligent“. Yet mental hospitals are filled with pat
45、ients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day. If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it“s worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a u
46、seful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N. B.
47、DNervous Break Down. “Intelligent“ people do not have N. B. D. “s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is i
48、nvolved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have
