1、2010年武汉大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：98.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选词填空(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Fill in the numbered blanks with proper words. Among the 20 expressions given, only 15 should be used. Make sure the words come in correct forms in terms of both grammar and meaning. know despite significant paragraph prescribe c
2、omponent class common eminent dialect use ridiculous ethic identity melt acknowledge well kitchen list reasonable The concept of culture has been defined many times, and although no definition has achieved universal acceptance, most of the definitions include three central ideas; that culture is pas
3、sed on from generation to generation, that a culture represents a ready-made 1for living and for making day-to-day decisions, and, finally, that the 2of a culture are accepted by those in the culture as good, and true, and not to be questioned. The eminent anthropologist George Murdock has 3seventy-
4、three items that characterize every 4culture, past and present. The list begins with Age-grading and Athletic sports, runs to Weaning and Weather Control, and includes on the way such items as Calendar, Fire-making, Property Rights, and Tool-making. I would submit that even the most extreme advocate
5、 of a culture of poverty viewpoint would readily 5that, with respect to almost all of these items, every American, beyond the first generation immigrant, regardless of race or class, is a member of a 6culture. We all share pretty much the same sports. Maybe poor kids don“t know how to play polo, and
6、 rich kids don“t spend time with stickball, but we all know baseball, and football, and basketball. 7some misguided efforts to raise minor 8to the status of separate tongues, we all, in fact, share the same language. There may be differences in diction and usage, but it would be ridiculous to say th
7、at all Americans don“t speak English. We have the calendar, the law, and large numbers of other cultural items in common. It may 9be true that on a few of the seventy-three items there are minor variations between classes, but these kinds of things are really slight variations on a common theme. The
8、re are other items that show variability, not in relation to class, but in relation to religion and 10backgroundfuneral customs and cooking, for example. But if there is one place in America where the 11pot is a reality, it is on the 12stove, in the course of one month, half the readers of this sent
9、ence have probably eaten pizza, hot pastrami, and chow mein. Specific differences that might be 13as signs of separate cultural identity are relatively 14within the general unity of American life; they are cultural commas and semicolons in the 15and pages of American life.（分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
10、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_翻译2.Paraphrase the following idiomatic expressions.(5 x 2 = 10 %)rub shoulders with（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.the lion“s share（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.throw in the towel（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.take the floor（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.burn the
11、candle at both ends（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.Paraphrase the following sentences.(5 x4 =20%)It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and w
12、hat they really are.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.They vote their political hunches to protect their political hides.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.There is a touch of rough poetry about him.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative venture.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、阅读理解(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Jack l
13、ay, quiet and unmoving, for thirty minutes while a stranger repeatedly stabbed him with sharp needles, causing blood to pour steadily out of his leg. Jack was getting a tattoo. His friend Tony had recently gotten a tattoo, and Jack was so impressed by Tony“s bravery and his tattoo that he decided to
14、 get one too. Getting a tattoo because your friends and peers have them is just one of the reasons why a lot of young people in North America get tattoos. Peer pressure, media influence, and personal expression are some of the common reasons for wearing tattoos today. The desire to be part of a grou
15、p, to be accepted by one“s friends or peers, can have a great influence on what a person does. Sometimes, wearing a tattoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain group. Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group. For example, in one gang all the members may we
16、ar green army jackets and have large“Xs“ tattooed on their arms. It is not only gangs that have this type of special “uniform“. Young people often belong to a certain group of friends. Some of these groups wear only brand-name clothes. Some wear only black clothes. Others wear tattoos. When a person
17、“s friends are all doing something, such as getting a tattoo, that person is more likely to do the same thing, and get a tattoo, too. The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos in North America. A wide variety of media images show tattoos. Tattoos can be seen on people appea
18、ring in commercials selling expensive cars. Famous sports heroes with tattoos are shown in magazines. Fashion models are often seen in magazines and on TV wearing designer clothes that show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colorful patterns. These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth,
19、 success, and status. As a result, many people decide to get a tattoo for its fashion and status value. It is not always the influence of other people or the media that results in a person getting a tattoo. Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature, their beliefs,
20、or their feelingsin other words, to show their individuality. A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm. Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders. Lovers may tattoo each others“ names over their hearts. A tattoo can be a public sign
21、to show what is important in a person“s life. As you can see, there are many reasons why young North Americans get tattoos. A tattoo can be part of a group“s uniform. It can be a sign of fashion. It can be an expression of individuality. The decision to get a tattoo is most often a result of the inf
22、luence of friends or media or the desire to express oneself. For Jack, it was a mixture of all three.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the essay, media images are linked to_. Choose all that apply.（分数：2.00）A.wealthB.statusC.successD.debt(2).Jack was stabbed for thirty minutes with a needle because_.（分数：2.0
23、0）A.he was getting a nose ringB.he was getting his ears piercedC.he was getting acupunctureD.he was getting a tattoo(3).According to the essay, some people get tattoos because_.（分数：2.00）A.they think it is fashionableB.they like painC.they think it will wash off in the bathD.they are religious(4).Acc
24、ording to the essay, Jack thinks people who get tattoos are_.（分数：2.00）A.cowardlyB.braveC.old fashionedD.nitwits(5).What is NOT the reason for Jack“s getting a tattoo?（分数：2.00）A.The influence of friends.B.The influence of media.C.A desire to express himself.D.A desire to stay healthy.Brendan“s best f
25、riend is Tip. Tip and Brendan are inseparable. They teach each other things and they look after each other. Tip has helped Brendan become more responsible, more caring, and a better friend. Brendan is a nine-year-old boy, and Tip is a ten-year-old dog. Brendan and Tip are an example of how owning a
26、dog can have a positive effect on a child“s development. Having a dog develops a child“s sense of responsibility, broadens his capacity for empathy, and teaches the nature of friendship. Having a dog helps a child learn how to act responsibly. As a dog owner, the child must take care of the animal“s
27、 daily needs. The dog must be fed and exercised every day. A dog is completely dependent on its owner for all its needs, including the need for good health and a safe environment. Therefore, being responsible for a dog also means taking care of the dog so that it stays healthy. Furthermore, the owne
28、r must take responsibility for the safety of the dog and the safety of the people it comes into contact with. If the child forgets any of these duties and responsibilities, or ignores any of the dog“s needs, the dog will suffer. This teaches the child that his responsibility to the dog is more impor
29、tant than his desire to play with his toys, talk on the phone, or watch TV. This is true not only for the care of a dog, but also for the care of oneself, another person, or one“s job. Learning how to take responsibility for the health and welfare of a dog leads to learning how to take responsibilit
30、y for oneself. Another lesson that a child can learn from having a dog is how to be empathetic. Empathy is the ability to put oneself in another person“s, or in this case, another creature“s, situation and imagine that person“s or creature“s feelings or problems. A dog cannot express itself with spe
31、ech, so its owner must learn how to interpret its behaviour. The child must learn to understand what the dog“s behaviour means. Is the dog frightened, aggressive, or sick? The child needs to understand what is going on in the dog“s mind. Understanding a situation from the dog“s perspective helps the
32、 child understand why the dog is behaving in a certain way and what the dog needs. The result of learning to read a dog“s behaviour is that the child develops empathy. By learning how to empathize with a dog, the child also learns how to empathize with other people. This leads to the child becoming
33、a more considerate and caring person. Being considerate and caring are important characteristics in a good friend. One of the most significant benefits of owning a dog is the example of true friendship that a dog provides. A dog gives unconditional love to its owner. A dog will not stop loving its o
34、wner because of a little anger, indifference, or neglect. The dog will patiently for its owner to pat its head and say a few kind words. This acceptance of the negative qualities and appreciation for the positive qualities of its owner provide a wonderful model of how to be a good friend. A child so
35、on realizes that his dog will always listen to him, will always be ready to play with him, will always protect him, and will always forgive him. A child who has learned to be even half as good a friend to others as his dog is to him will have learned of the most valuable lessons in life. These are s
36、ome of the most important lessons a child will ever learn. The benefits of owning a dog will last the child“s entire lifetime. The understanding and appreciation of responsibility, empathy, and friendship that a child develops from the experience of having a dog will help him or her grow into a reli
37、able, caring, and mature adult.（分数：10.00）(1).A child learns how to be responsible for a dog by_.（分数：2.00）A.taking care of the dog“s daily needsB.becoming dependent on the dogC.taking away a safe environmentD.feeding the dog weekly(2).Learning how to care for a dog can help children_.（分数：2.00）A.to ch
38、oose the dog over playingB.to ignore the dog“s needsC.to get welfareD.to take care of themselves(3).Which of the following is a positive result of learning how to interpret a dog“s behavior?（分数：2.00）A.Becoming empathetic.B.Being thoughtless.C.Becoming arrogant.D.Becoming selfish.(4).As far as loyalt
39、y is concerned, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.The dog will protect people.B.The dog neglects its owner.C.The dog offers unconditional love.D.The dog is able to tolerate the negative qualities of humans.(5).Which of the following is a positive result of learning how to interpret a dog
40、“s behavior?（分数：2.00）A.Becoming arrogant.B.Being thoughtless.C.Becoming empathetic.D.Becoming selfish.This year 2008 , Americans elect on a new president on November 4th. It“s an important event that happens once every four years. Currently, the president is always elected from one of the two main p
41、arties in the United States; the Republicans and the Democrats. There are other presidential candidates. However, it is unlikely that any of these“third party“candidates will win. It certainly hasn“t happened in the last one hundred years. In order to become the presidential nominee of a party, the
42、candidate must win the primary election. Primary elections are held throughout each state in the United States in the first half of any election year. Then, the delegates attend their party convention in order to nominate their chosen candidate. Usually, as in this election, it“s clear who will be t
43、he nominee. However, in the past parties have been divided and choosing a nominee has been a difficult process. Once the nominees have been selected, they campaign throughout the country. A number of debates are usually held in order to better understand the candidates“ points of view. These points
44、of view often reflect their party“s platform. A party platform is best described as the general beliefs and policies a party holds. Candidates cross the country by plane, bus, train or by car giving speeches. These speeches are often called “stump speeches“. In the 19th century candidates would stan
45、d on tree stumps to deliver their speeches. These stump speeches repeat the candidate“s basic views and aspirations for the country. They are repeated many hundred of times by each candidate. Many people believe that campaigns in the United States have become too negative. Each night you can see man
46、y attack ads on the television. These short ads contain sound bites which often distort the truth, or something the other candidate has said or done. Another recent problem has been voter turnout. There is often less than 60% turnout for national elections. Some people don“t register to vote, and so
47、me registered voters don“t show up at the voting booths. This angers many citizens who feel that voting is the most important responsibility of any citizen. Others point out that not voting is expressing an opinion that the system is broken. The United States maintains an extremely old, and some say
48、 inefficient, voting system. This system is called the Electoral College. Each state is assigned electoral votes based on the number of senators and representatives that state has in Congress. Each state has two Senators. The number of representatives is determined by the states population but is never less than 1 percent. The electoral votes are decided by the popular vote in each state. One candidate wins all of the electoral votes in a
