1、2011年南开大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选词填空(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form if necessary. Each word can be used only once. （分数：40.00）(1).The new government pledged to make every effort to stabilize its ailing economy by 1 national debts.（分数：
2、2.00）填空项 1:_(2).She proposed that 1should be recognized as one of the major disciplines in her school.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The pirates made 1 along the coast.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).One of them put forward a(n) 1proposal for putting up the white flag.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Facts are recorded in the annals w
3、ith the coloring of prejudice and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).The American national character was 1 sharp during the Westward Expansion.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).The scientists carried out an audio-visual 1 of the beginning of the universe.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).The management offered us a(n) 13% salary increase.（
4、分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).Henry 1between accepting and refusing.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).This battle-field is 1to the memory of the soldiers who died here.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(11).The pianist was applauded for his incredible 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(12).Sales 1by 20% last year.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(13).The Church has no 1pow
5、er in the modern country.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(14).He could never be a film star; he“s got no 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(15).No one would claim that the film is morally 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(16).He insisted on his own way and 1 all advice and objections.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(17).As soon as the drug took effect, she star
6、ted .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(18).Some kid threw a(n) 1in the middle of the store.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(19).Fashions are by nature fickle and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(20).The hurricane caused terrible 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_二、完形填空(总题数：1，分数：20.00)To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the di
7、fference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the【C1】_production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship“ to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce go
8、ods and then【C2】_them into money. Marketing, 【C3】_, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods【C4】_will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that【
9、C5】_trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase. This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given 【C6
10、】_over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transactionthe firm and customerand each must be satisfied【C7】_trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and【C8】_customers. In mid-1985 , Coca
11、Cola changed the flavor of its drink. A significant portion of the public did not accept the new flavor, bring about a【C9】_restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed【C10】_the new, King Customers ruled.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.productiveB.efficientC.affluentD.proficient(2).【C2】（分数：2
12、.00）A.convertB.transformC.switchD.modify(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.on the contraryB.in the meantimeC.howeverD.on the other hand(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.thenC.thatD.and(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.ahead ofB.whileC.prior toD.instead of(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.superiorityB.privilegeC.prejudiceD.priority(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.befo
13、reB.afterC.whileD.then(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.looking up toB.adjusting toC.catering toD.adapting to(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.properB.promptC.prominentD.profound(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.byB.withC.alongsideD.as三、阅读理解(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Historically, the primary responsibility for the rearing of young children belonged al
14、most exclusively to the parents, especially the father. It was not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth century that the State was willing to remove a young child from direct supervision of negligent or abusive parents. Even so, in order to reduce welfare costs to the rest of the community,
15、 a destitute family in early America, incapable of supporting its own members, was sometimes broken up and the children placed in other households. During the eighteenth and nineteenth century the mother“s role in the upbringing of children was enhanced: Women became the primary providers of care an
16、d affection; and as men“s church membership declined, women also became responsible for the catechizing and education of young children, even though they often were less literate than men. While childrearing manuals continued to acknowledge the importance of the father, they also recognized that the
17、 mother had become the major figure in the care of the young. Throughout much of Western history, as long as children remained in the home, parents exercised considerable control over them, even to the extent of arranging their marriages and influencing their career choices. Children were expected t
18、o be obedient and to contribute to the well-being of the family. And, perhaps more in Western Europe than in America, children were often expected to turn over almost all of their earnings directly to the parentssometimes even after they had left home. By the late eighteenth or early nineteenth cent
19、ury some of this control had been eroded, and the rights of children as individuals were increasingly recognized and acknowledged. Interestingly, the development of children“s rights has proceeded so rapidly and so far that we may now be in the midst of a backlash, as efforts are being made to re-es
20、tablish parental responsibility in areas such as the reproductive behavior of minor children. Clearly there have been major changes in the way our society treats children; but it would be very difficult for many of us to agree on the costs and benefits of these trendswhether from the viewpoint of th
21、e child, the parents, or society. While many applaud the increasing individualism and freedom of children within the family, others lament the loss of family responsibility and discipline. A historical analysis of parents and children cannot settle such disputes, but it can provide us with a better
22、appreciation of the flexibility and resilience of the family as an institution for raising the young.（分数：10.00）(1).Before the late nineteenth century in America, the rearing of children was the responsibility_.（分数：2.00）A.solely on the part of the household communityB.mainly on the part of the househ
23、oldC.solely on the part of the fatherD.solely on the part of the mother(2).The word “destitute“ can best be replaced by_.（分数：2.00）A.poorB.bigC.richD.irresponsible(3).It can be learned from the second paragraph that during the 18 th and 19th century_.（分数：2.00）A.women enjoyed equal education with menB
24、.women“s social status was greatly improvedC.men maintained their key role in child raisingD.women“s education was still less than men“s(4).As mentioned by the author, efforts to re-establish parental responsibility are_.（分数：2.00）A.to share community welfare burdenB.in concern of minor children“s cr
25、eative behaviorC.in concern of teenage parentsD.to better control minor children“s expenditure(5).Regarding the way American children are treated, the author is apparently_.（分数：2.00）A.in favor of itB.worried about itC.upset about itD.against itRichard Satava, program manager for advanced medical tec
26、hnologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual“ or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners. “ With virtual reality we“ll be able to put a surgeon in every trench, “ said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldie
27、rs who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers. The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U. S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets that contain a small screen displaying the image of
28、the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier. Although Satava“s vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organizat
29、ion in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic-instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on
30、 force, textures, and sound. These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerize
31、d scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path the tumor. Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. W
32、hile cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient“s brain taken before surgery. During these proceduresoperations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are mane
33、uveredsurgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can. Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Richard Satava, the application o
34、f virtual reality to medicine_.（分数：2.00）A.will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefieldB.can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefieldC.will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefieldD.can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battl
35、efield(2).Richard Satava has visions of_.（分数：2.00）A.using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseasB.wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefieldC.wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeonsD.setting up m
36、obile surgical units overseas(3).How is virtual reality surgery performed?（分数：2.00）A.It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device.B.Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.C.Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to th
37、em.D.A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation.(4).During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because_.（分数：2.00）A.he is looking at the cuts on a computer screenB.the cuts can be examined from different anglesC.the cuts h
38、ave been highly magnifiedD.he is wearing 3-D glasses(5).Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they_.（分数：2.00）A.cause less pain to the woundedB.are done by robot surgeons with greater precisionC.will make human surgeons“ work less tediousD.allow the patient to
39、recover more quicklyWhen students complete a first draft, they consider the job of writing doneand their teachers too often agree. When professional writers complete a first draft, they usually feel that they are at the start of the writing process. When a draft is completed, the job of writing can
40、begin. That difference in altitude is the difference between amateur and professional, inexperience and experience, journeyman and draftsman. Peter F. Drucker, the prolific business writer, calls his first draft “the zero draft“after that he can start counting. Most writers share the feeling that th
41、e first draft, and all of those which follow, are opportunities to discover what they have to say and how best they can say it. To produce a progression of drafts, each of which says more and says it more clearly, the writer has to develop a special kind of reading skill. In school we are taught to
42、decode what appears on the page as finished writing. Writers, however, face a different category of possibility and responsibility when they read their own drafts. To them the words on the page are never finished. Each can be changed and rearranged, can set off a chain reaction of confusion or clari
43、fied meaning. This is a different kind of reading, which is possibly more difficult and certainly more exciting. Writers must learn to be their own best enemy. They must accept the criticism of others and be suspicious of it; they must accept the praise of others and be even more suspicious of it. W
44、riters cannot depend on others. They must detach themselves from their own pages so that they can apply both their caring and their craft to their own work. Such detachment is not easy. Science fiction writer Rau Bradbury supposedly puts each manuscript away for a year to the day and then rereads it
45、 as a stranger. Not many writers have the discipline or the time to do this. We must read when our judgment may be at its best; when we are close to the best moment of creation. Most people think that the principal problem is that writers are too proud of what they have written. Actually, a greater
46、problem for most professional writers is one shared by the majority of students. They are overly critical, think everything is dreadful, tear up page after page, never complete a draft, and see the task as hopeless. Therefore, the writer must learn to read critically but constructively, to cut what
47、is bad and reveal what is good. At the end of each revision, a manuscript may look worked over, torn apart, pinned together, added to, deleted from, words changed and words changed back. Yet the book must maintain its original freshness and spontaneity.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the difference between a
48、student and a professional writer towards their first draft?（分数：2.00）A.A professional thinks his first draft is better planned.B.A student is less confident than a professional about the first draft.C.A student will read his first draft more seriously than a professional.D.A student sees the draft as his final work, while professional sees it as the initial of his work.(2).What might the word “journeyman“ in Paragraph 2 mean?（分数：2.00）A.apprenticeB.touri
