1、2012年中山大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：82.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、音标题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary.(10 points)Example: find/faind/ beneath/bi“ni:/mink（分数：2.00）_2.pyrrhic（分数：2.00）_3.caique（分数：2.00）_4.uvular（分数：2.00）_5.sememe（分数：2.00）_6.resolut
2、ion（分数：2.00）_7.ideational（分数：2.00）_8.tautology（分数：2.00）_9.pedagogical（分数：2.00）_10.contour（分数：2.00）_二、填空题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)11.All languages have three major components; a sound system, a system of 1 and a system of semantics.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.We can divide a syllable into two parts, the RHYME(or RIME
3、)and the ONSET. The vowel within the rhyme is the nucleus, with the consonant(s)after it termed the 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.In 1963 , Katz and Fodor wrote the article The Structure of a Semantic Theory, arguing forcibly that semantics should be an integral part of 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.Antonymy is the n
4、ame for oppositeness relation. There are three main sub-types; gradable antonymy, complementary antonymy, and 1 antonymy.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.In the middle of the 1960s, William Labov, a famous sociolinguist, conducted a rather meticulous survey at several departments in the City of New York. The resu
5、lts of this investigation were reported in The 1of English in New York City(1966), which has now become a classical work in sociolinguistics.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.From the early 1920s, 1began to show an interest in language, anthropology, and archaeology. Later on, he attended some linguistic courses g
6、iven by Sapir at Yale University and “ found particular resonance between his own ideas and those of Sapir“(Sram 1994: 4983).（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.Poetry can exploit the way we use stress when we speak to create rhythms. When stress is organized to form regular rhythms, the term used for it is 1.（分数：2.
7、00）填空项 1:_18.According to Mick Short(1996), we need at least three levels of 1to account for the language of fictional prose(i. e. a novel or short story), because there is a narrator-narratee level intervening between the character-character level and the author-reader level.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.The
8、Prague School is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between 1and phonology. The name of the most influential scholar in this connection is Trubetzkoy, whose most complete and authoritative statements of principle are formulated in his Principles of Phonol
9、ogy published in 19（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20.Malinowski believed that utterances and situation are bound up inextricably with each other and the 1 of situation is indispensable for the understanding of the words.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_21.Halliday“s Systemic-Functional(SF)Grammar is a sociologically oriented funct
10、ional linguistic approach and one of the most influential linguistic theories in the twentieth century, having great effect on various disciplines related to language, such as language teaching, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, stylistics, and 1 .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.By creativity we mean languag
11、e is resourceful because of its duality and its 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.According to McDonough(2000), a teacher who is able to explain some linguistic features would have a 1position than one who handles the argument by using authority “it“s like that“ , “it“s an exception“ , or “it“s less formal“.（分数：
12、2.00）填空项 1:_24.Language corpora make it possible for materials developers to select authentic, natural and typical language. The two most important factors in a corpus are the size and types of texts selected. Usually the 1that will be made of the corpus decide the number and type of texts in a corp
13、us.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25. 1 is the first major theory in the study of language in use, which originated with the Oxford philosopher John Lang Shaw Austin.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、名词解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)26.Received pronunciation and general American（分数：2.00）_27.Conventionality（分数：2.00）_28.Orthographic change（分数：
14、2.00）_29.Clause（分数：2.00）_30.Grammatical construction（分数：2.00）_31.Logical semantics（分数：2.00）_32.Metonymy（分数：2.00）_33.Communicative competence（分数：2.00）_34.Computational linguistics（分数：2.00）_35.Verbal processes（分数：2.00）_四、举例说明题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)36.In Case Grammar, the verb is the key element of the clause
15、.（分数：2.00）_37.The goal of contrastive analysis is to predict what areas will be easy to learn and what areas will be difficult to learn.（分数：2.00）_38.Orientational metaphors are based on human physical and cultural experience.（分数：2.00）_五、简答题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)39.What is componential analysis in language
16、studies?（分数：2.00）_40.What are the seven types of meaning identified by G. Leech(1974)? What are the differences between/among them?（分数：2.00）_41.What does the concept of “distinctive features“ mean?（分数：2.00）_2012年中山大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案解析(总分：82.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、音标题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Transcribe the followi
17、ng words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary.(10 points)Example: find/faind/ beneath/bi“ni:/mink（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：mink- )解析：2.pyrrhic（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：pyrrhic- )解析：3.caique（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：caique- )解析：4.uvular（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：uvular- )解析：5.sememe（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：s
18、ememe-/“si:mi:m/)解析：6.resolution（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：resolution- )解析：7.ideational（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：ideational- )解析：8.tautology（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：tautology- )解析：9.pedagogical（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：pedagogical- )解析：10.contour（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：contour- )解析：二、填空题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)11.All languages h
19、ave three major components; a sound system, a system of 1 and a system of semantics.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：lexicogrammar）解析：解析：(考查语言的主要组成成分)任何语言均包括三个主要组成成分：语音系统、词汇语法系统和语义系统。12.We can divide a syllable into two parts, the RHYME(or RIME)and the ONSET. The vowel within the rhyme is the nucleus, wi
20、th the consonant(s)after it termed the 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：coda）解析：解析：(考查音节的组成部分)我们可以把一个音节分为两部分，节首和韵基，韵基中的元音是节核，节核后面的辅音称为节尾。13.In 1963 , Katz and Fodor wrote the article The Structure of a Semantic Theory, arguing forcibly that semantics should be an integral part of 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确
21、答案：正确答案：grammar）解析：解析：(考查语义学与语法的关系)1963 年，Katz 和 Fodor写了一篇文章语义理论的结构，指出语义学是语法的必要组成部分。14.Antonymy is the name for oppositeness relation. There are three main sub-types; gradable antonymy, complementary antonymy, and 1 antonymy.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：converse）解析：解析：(考查反义关系的三个次类)反义关系是对立关系的专业术语，它有三个
22、主要次类：等级反义关系，互补反义关系和反向反义关系。15.In the middle of the 1960s, William Labov, a famous sociolinguist, conducted a rather meticulous survey at several departments in the City of New York. The results of this investigation were reported in The 1of English in New York City(1966), which has now become a class
23、ical work in sociolinguistics.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Social Stratification）解析：解析：(考查社会语言学中的经典之作)20 世纪 60年代中期，著名社会语言学家拉波夫在纽约市进行了一次大规模的社会语言学调查，该项调查最终以专著纽约市英语的社会分层问世，这本著作已成为社会语言学界的经典之作。16.From the early 1920s, 1began to show an interest in language, anthropology, and archaeology. Later on, he atte
24、nded some linguistic courses given by Sapir at Yale University and “ found particular resonance between his own ideas and those of Sapir“(Sram 1994: 4983).（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Whorf）解析：解析：(考查萨丕尔一沃尔夫假说的提出过程)沃尔夫从 20世纪 20年代早期开始，作为一个业余语言学家，开始对语言、人类学和考古学产生了兴趣。后来，他在耶鲁大学旁听了萨丕尔所开设的一些语言学课程，“在他自己的看法和萨丕
25、尔的观点之间，找到了相同之处，产生了独特的共鸣。”17.Poetry can exploit the way we use stress when we speak to create rhythms. When stress is organized to form regular rhythms, the term used for it is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：metre）解析：解析：(考查诗歌韵律的形成)诗歌能表现出我们说话时是如何使用重音来表现节奏的。当重读被组织成有规律的节奏时，就形成了韵律。18.According to Mick Sho
26、rt(1996), we need at least three levels of 1to account for the language of fictional prose(i. e. a novel or short story), because there is a narrator-narratee level intervening between the character-character level and the author-reader level.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：discourse）解析：解析：(考查话语的三个层面)根据
27、 Mick Short(1996)的观点，我们需要至少三个话语层面来解释小说(即长篇小说和短篇小说)的语言，因为在角色-角色层面和作者-读者层面之间插入了一个叙述者一被叙述者的层面。19.The Prague School is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between 1and phonology. The name of the most influential scholar in this connection is Trubetzkoy, whose
28、most complete and authoritative statements of principle are formulated in his Principles of Phonology published in 19（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：phonetics）解析：解析：(考查布拉格学派的主要贡献)布拉格学派最突出的贡献在于其音位学说以及对语音学和音位学的区分。最具影响的学者是特鲁别茨柯依，他最完整和权威的论述都集中表述于音位学原理(1939)一书中。20.Malinowski believed that utterances and situ
29、ation are bound up inextricably with each other and the 1 of situation is indispensable for the understanding of the words.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：context）解析：解析：(考查马林诺夫斯基的语境观)马林诺夫斯基认为，话语常常与情景语境紧密地联系在一起，而且情景语境对于理解话语是必不可少的。21.Halliday“s Systemic-Functional(SF)Grammar is a sociologically oriented f
30、unctional linguistic approach and one of the most influential linguistic theories in the twentieth century, having great effect on various disciplines related to language, such as language teaching, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, stylistics, and 1 .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：machine translat
31、ion）解析：解析：(考查韩礼德的系统功能语法的意义)韩礼德的系统功能语法从社会学角度出发，用功能方法研究语言，是 20世纪最有影响的语言学理论之一，其影响延伸到与语言相关的不同领域，如语言教学、社会语言学、语篇分析、文体学、机器翻译等。22.By creativity we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：recursiveness）解析：解析：(考查语言的创造性)语言的创造性指语言的能产性，这来源于语言的二重性和递归性。23.According
32、 to McDonough(2000), a teacher who is able to explain some linguistic features would have a 1position than one who handles the argument by using authority “it“s like that“ , “it“s an exception“ , or “it“s less formal“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：stronger）解析：解析：(考查语言学知识对于教学的意义)根据 McDonough所说，与那些只会依仗自
33、己的权威使用“这是固定说法”、“这是例外情况”或“这是非正式用法”等措辞来搪塞语言问题的教师相比，一个能够对语言的特点进行解释的教师更有信服力。24.Language corpora make it possible for materials developers to select authentic, natural and typical language. The two most important factors in a corpus are the size and types of texts selected. Usually the 1that will be made
34、 of the corpus decide the number and type of texts in a corpus.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：uses）解析：解析：(考查语料库的定义)语料库为教材编写人员选择真实、自然、典型的语言提供了依据。语料库中两个最重要的因素是所选语言材料的长度和类型。一般来说，语料库的用途决定了语料库中语言材料的数量和类型。25. 1 is the first major theory in the study of language in use, which originated with the Oxford philos
35、opher John Lang Shaw Austin.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Speech Act Theory）解析：解析：(考查言语行为理论)言语行为理论是牛津哲学家奥斯汀提出的，是研究语言使用的第一个重要理论。三、名词解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)26.Received pronunciation and general American（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Received pronunciation, widely used in public schools and spoken by most newsreaders
36、of the BBC network, refers to the form of English pronunciation that is the most common model accent in the teaching of English as a foreign language. RP originates historically in the southeast of England and is spoken by the upper-middle and upper class throughout England. General American is the widely accepted accent used by most educated speakers in the USA. The differences between RP and GA in consonants are much less noticeable than those of vowels.)解析：解析：(考查标准发音(RP)和通用美音)27.Conventionality（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Conventionality refers
