1、2012 年北京航空航天大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：172.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选词填空(总题数：1，分数：40.00)The Beatles sang that money can“t buy you love. But what about happiness? Research consistently shows that the more money people have, the 1likely they are to report 2satisfied with their lives. And that makes 3; money buys
2、 you things that make life easier and more satisfying; the 4your life, the happier you tend to be. That 5isn“t entirely linear, since there“s a limit to how 6wealth can please you; the happiness benefit of an increasing income is especially powerful 7people who don“t have much money to start with, a
3、nd diminishes as wealth 8But studies also reveal that 9average income levels have risen 10timein the U. S. and European nations, for exampleresidents of those countries have not reported being any happier than people 1130 or 40 years ago. It“s a paradox that 12income and happiness may be associated
4、within a population at any given moment, overall economic growth does 13appear to correspond to a boost in national satisfaction over time.(See a gallery of things money can buy.) To understand why, researchers at the University of Warwick and Cardiff University decided to break down how individual
5、people 14their income. What does wealth 15to people? Previous work has suggested that people tend to value their own wealth moreand are happierwhen it compares favorably to everyone 16The so-called reference-income hypothesis holds that it“s not simply how much money you 17that contributes to satisf
6、action, 18how much more money you make than, say, the national average. The higher your salary than the norm, the happier you tend to be. That could explain in part 19populations as a whole do not experience sunnier dispositions with economic growth, since a majority of individuals may not fall abov
7、e the national income 20（分数：40.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_写作2.You will read a table indicating the population of Chinese students studying abroad. Write a composition in no less than 1
8、20 words to describe the trend of the changes and the possible causes for these changes. （分数：2.00）_3.Science and technology has greatly improved our life and contributed to human civilizations. However, some say, at present we are pursuing the scientific development at the cost of human nature. Do y
9、ou agree with this opinion? Why and why not? Write an essay with the title; “The Challenge of Science on Humanity“ in no less than 200 words to illustrate your point.（分数：2.00）_三、选择题(总题数：60，分数：120.00)4.Research shows that eating a better diet may delay the_of certain diseases in some patients.（分数：2.0
10、0）A.onsetB.inductionC.uptakeD.origin5.The investors will discontinue their investment on the product if its costs continue to_.（分数：2.00）A.propagateB.prolongC.elevateD.escalate6.Although sales have continued to increase since last May, the rate of increase has_.（分数：2.00）A.resurgedB.retaliatedC.decele
11、ratedD.demeaned7.The company that Susan works for is _with an automotive company, so she can get a discount on a new car.（分数：2.00）A.correlatedB.paralleledC.accountedD.affiliated8.I think William would be most suitable for the job. His work record is_.（分数：2.00）A.impeccableB.impartialC.rudimentaryD.ju
12、stified9.The powers and satisfactions of primeval people, though few and meager, were_their few and simple desires.（分数：2.00）A.circumscribed byB.commensurate withC.fossilized byD.simultaneous with10.These bright colors look good on you because of your dark_.（分数：2.00）A.complexityB.composureC.complexio
13、nD.composition11.In the 20th century, the discovery of radium_ the popular imagination; not only was its discoverer, Marie Curie, idolized, but its market value_that of the rarest gemstone.（分数：2.00）A.stormed. diminishedB.horrified. approachedC.enflamed. exceededD.conspired. triggered12.Some writers
14、who once greatly_the literary critic have recently recanted, substituting _for their former criticism.（分数：2.00）A.lauded. censureB.disparaged. approbationC.simulated. ambivalenceD.influenced. analysis13.Fashion is partly a search for a new language to discredit the old, a way in which each generation
15、 can_its immediate predecessor and distinguish itself.（分数：2.00）A.conformB.condoneC.repudiateD.resurrect14.Were animal parents judged by human standards, the cuckoo would be one of nature“s_ creatures, blithely laying its eggs in the nests of other birds, and leaving the incubating and nurturing to t
16、hem.（分数：2.00）A.mettlesomeB.industriousC.conscientiousD.feckless15.The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of_, though the majestic beauty of nature is indeed an important consideration.（分数：2.00）A.aestheticsB.legislationC.cleanlinessD.economics16.Since the 15th century, animals have been
17、used as_for people in experiments to assess the effects of therapeutic and other agents that might later be used in humans.（分数：2.00）A.benefactorsB.companionsC.surrogatesD.precedents17.The artist“s delicate watercolor sketches often served as_of a subject, a way of gathering fuller knowledge before h
18、is final engagement of the subject in an oil painting.（分数：2.00）A.a synthesisB.an abstractionC.a reconnaissanceD.an enhancement18.Winsor McCay, the cartoonist, could draw with incredible_: his comic strip about Little Nemo was characterized by marvelous draftsmanship and sequencing.（分数：2.00）A.sinceri
19、tyB.efficiencyC.virtuosityD.rapidity19.The barrier of language keeps many scientists in prolonged ignorance of work of immediate importance to them_at present in many countries.（分数：2.00）A.doingB.to be doneC.having doneD.being done20.The general effect of the irradiation from the nuclear leakage is l
20、ess obvious, but_serious.（分数：2.00）A.not the lessB.much lessC.none the lessD.no the less21.Issues of price, place, promotion, and product are_conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies.（分数：2.00）A.these of the mostB.most of thoseC.among the mostD.among the many of22.When we encounter more
21、difficulties, we should be more spirited, and we should be more courageous_.（分数：2.00）A.the more danger we are inB.the more in danger we areC.we are in more dangerD.we are in danger more23.If not_with the respect he feels due to him, Bob gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.（分数：2.00）A.bei
22、ng treatedB.be treatedC.having been treatedD.treated24.A Not only does this theoretical approach seek out B previously neglected literary works, C but it also illuminates the ways in which race, ethnicity, and the imbalance of power D informs many works .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.25.Researchers A who perform
23、 qualitative studies, B such as observations and interviews, C are interested in interpreting behavior by first watching, D listening or interacting with individuals or a group.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.26.The larger issue, Glanz said, A is that educators B must recognize that teachers and students, C though
24、 physical in the same school , are in separate worlds and have an D ongoing power struggle .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.27.It is fashionable A rationalizing our collaboration in all this by arguing that, well, men like to fight and injure their fellows, and B such games as football should be encouraged to disc
25、harge C this original-sin urge into less harmful channels D than , say, war.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.28.A As for the effect of organized football on the spectator, the fans are not B so much released from supposed feelings of violent aggression C by watching their athletic heroes perform it as they are enco
26、uraged D in the view which people-smashing is an admirable mode of self-expression.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.29.Advertisers A would have us believed the myth that alcohol is B part of being successful, sexy, healthy and happy; but those C who have suffered from itdirectly or indirectlyD know otherwise .（分数：2
27、.00）A.B.C.D.30.If lecture classes A were restricted to junior and senior undergraduates and to graduate students, B who are less need of scholarly nurturing and C more able to prepare work on their own, they would be D far less destructive of students“ interests and enthusiasms than the present syst
28、em.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.31.Those who want gunsA whether for target shooting, hunting or potting rattlesnakes(get a hoe) B should be subjected to the same restrictions placed on gun owners in England, a nation C in which liberty has survived nicely without D an arm populace .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.32.Research
29、suggests that hypochondriacs A fell into three categories ; those who have B a variant of obsessive-compulsive disorder, those C whose hypochondria was triggered by a stressful life event, and those who D are hypersensitive to any physical symptoms.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.33.A On the contrary , a recent Ha
30、rvard study argues that football“s characteristics of “impersonal acceptance of B inflicting injury , “ an overriding “ organization goal, “ the “ ability to turn oneself on and off, “ and being, C above all , “out to win“ D are prized by ambitious executives in many large corporations.（分数：2.00）A.B.
31、C.D.34.So long as the child A is shown exactly how to do somethingB whether be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or C making up for a misdeed he is less likely to figure out himself D how to accomplish such a task .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.35.And, more generally, he is less likely to view lifeA as
32、Americans do as a series of situations in which one has to learn B to think for oneself , to solve problems C on one“s own and even to discover problems D which creative solutions are wanted.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.36.But A assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of ski
33、lls and creativity B are both worthwhile goals , the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, C a superior way to approach education, perhaps D to strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.37.As I“ve exami
34、ned A what it meant to be poor, B it has become clear to me what I am C most thankful ; both my tangible and my intangible D good fortune .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.38.But just how long Walton can A hold firm to his folksy habits with celebrity hunters B keep following him C wherever he goes is D anyone“s gu
35、ess .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.39.A When asking if their children wanted a call or a text message B requesting that C they be home by curfew, for instance, 58 percent of parents said their children D preferred a text .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.40.A What first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to computer, B not
36、 worrying about hair, and clothes and face, C have become a form of escape, D a lack of discipline .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.41.You remember that A favourite story of yours , B one about how the army captain and the woman C whose book he discovered got to know one another D solely through writing letters?（分
37、数：2.00）A.B.C.D.42.Baby boomers A who warned decades ago that their out-of-touch parents B couldn“t be trusted now sometimes C find themselves raise children whothanks to the Internet and the cellphoneconsider Mom and Dad D to be clueless , too.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.43.Not until A I“ve been embarrassed by
38、 someone who politely points out that B I“ve attacked her C for agreeing with me D I realize that I have been projecting.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.44.The President of the United States is head of the_Branch.（分数：2.00）A.Supreme CourtB.JudicialC.LegislativeD.Executive45._is celebrated by English people in Novem
39、ber.（分数：2.00）A.May DayB.Guy Fawkes NightC.Thanksgiving DayD.Easter Day46.The Civil Rights Movement happened in_.（分数：2.00）A.the 1960sB.the 1950sC.the 1920sD.the 1970s47.The Battle of_witnessed the death of King Harold in 1066.（分数：2.00）A.HastingsB.TrafalgarC.WaterlooD.Stratton48.The Celts“ religion is
40、_.（分数：2.00）A.ChristianityB.ProtestantismC.PresbyterianismD.Druidism49.Cockney is a term referring to a person living in_.（分数：2.00）A.the west end of LondonB.the east end of New YorkC.the east end of LondonD.the west end of New York50._are the places where, in the 17th to 19th centuries in Britain, ve
41、ry poor, homeless people did very unpleasant jobs in return for food and shelter.（分数：2.00）A.Nursing homesB.FactoriesC.WorkhousesD.Prisons51.The Puritans were originally an extreme_sect.（分数：2.00）A.ProtestantB.JewishC.CatholicD.Islamic52.During the Civil War of England, the Cavaliers supported_while t
42、he Roundheads were in support of_.（分数：2.00）A.the king.the parliamentB.the parliament.the kingC.the king.the churchD.the church.the king53.James I, king of England firmly believed in_.（分数：2.00）A.laissez-faireB.the Devine Right of KingsC.Constitutional MonarchyD.Protestantism54.The main obstacle to Hi
43、spanic success in labor market is their_.（分数：2.00）A.lack of good mannersB.dark skin colorC.low level of educationD.high rate of crime55.Charles I was a king of the_dynasty.（分数：2.00）A.PlantagenetB.TudorC.StuartD.George56.The party which wins the largest second seats in the parliament becomes the offi
44、cial_ with its own leader and_.（分数：2.00）A.cabinet. governmentB.opposition. shadow cabinetC.government.cabinetD.shadow cabinet.opposition57._, known as the backbone of the North American Continent, is also called the Continental Divide.（分数：2.00）A.The RockiesB.The Appalachian MountainsC.The Blue Mount
45、ainsD.The Great Smoky Mountains58.Senator_launched an Anti-Communist hysteria in the early 1950s.（分数：2.00）A.Franklin RooseveltB.George KennanC.Theodore RooseveltD.Joseph Raymond McCarthy59.China and the United States established their diplomatic relationships in January_.（分数：2.00）A.1972B.1971C.1975D
46、.197960.The Civil War in England was also known as_.（分数：2.00）A.the Puritan RevolutionB.the Glorious RevolutionC.the CrusadesD.the Reformation61._refers to the movement very active in the early part of the 20th century, agitated for women“s political right to vote.（分数：2.00）A.The Civil Rights Movement
47、B.Women“s Suffrage MovementC.The Feminist MovementD.The Countercultural Movement62._is separated from mainland America by Canada.（分数：2.00）A.HawaiiB.AlaskaC.Rhode IslandD.Greenland63.The doctors who serve the community in general health care in Britain, rather like solicitors of the medical profession, who usually join together in partnership in a medical practice, must study for seven years and pass exams before they become qualified_.（分数：2.00）
