1、MBA 联考英语-32 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Excitement, fatigue， and anxiety can all be detected from someones blinks, according to psychologist John Stern (1) Washington University in St. Louis. Stern specialized in the study on these tiny twitches, using them as sens
2、itive (2) of how the brain works. “I use blinks as a psychological measure to make (3) about thinking because I have very little 4 in what you tell me about what you are thinking,“ he says. “If I ask you the question, what does the phrase a rolling stone gathers no moss mean? you cant tell me (5) yo
3、uve started looking for the answer. But I can, by watching your eyes.“Blinks also tell Stern when you have understood his questionoften long before hes finished asking itand when youve found an answer or part of (6) . “We blink at times (7) are psychologically important,“ he says. “You have listened
4、 to a question, you understand it, (8) you can take time out for a blink. Blinks are (9) marks. Their timing is tied to what is going on in your (10) .“Stern has found that (11) suppress blinks when they are absorbing or anticipating (12) but not when theyre reciting it. People blink later, for exam
5、ple, (13) they have to memorize six numbers instead of two. “You dont blin,“ he says, “until you have (14) the information to some short-term memory store.“ And if subjects are cued (15) the set of numbers is coming, say, five seconds, theyll curb their blinks until the task is (16) . Similarly, the
6、 more important the information that people are taking in, the more likely they are to put their blinks on hold for (17) Pilots blink less when theyre (18) for flying a plane than when they (19) their eyes from the road to the rearview mirror. But if they see the flashing lights of a state trooper b
7、ehind them, their (20) will move fast to the speed-meter and back to the mirror.（分数：10.00）(1).A. to B. of C. with D. in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. probes B. researches C. microscopes D. pursuits（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. pictures B. studies C. conclusions D. inferences（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. doubt B. quest
8、ion C. inclination D. faith（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. when B. why C. where D. whom（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. one B. it C. that D. this（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. that B. what C. where D. why（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. but B. how C. since D. now（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. evaluation B. communication C. punctuation D.
9、consideration（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. eye B. heart C. head D. question（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. scientists B. they C. psychologists D. subjects（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. mind B. memory C. information D. direction（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. if B. until C. unless D. except（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. retrieved
10、B. memorized C. absorbed D. committed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. how B. that C. if D. when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. over B. up C. off D. in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. it B. them C. us D. themselves（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. relaxed B. tired C. responsible D. capable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. shift B. shut C. p
11、lay D. focus（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. eyes B. cars C. lights D. blinks（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Passage OneScholastic thinkers held a wide variety of doctrines in both philosophy and theology, the study of religion. What gives unity to the whole Schol
12、astic movement, the academic practice in Europe from the 9th to the 17th centuries, are the common aims, attitudes, and methods generally accepted by all its members. The chief concern of the Scholastics was not to discover new facts but to integrate the knowledge already acquired separately by Gree
13、k reasoning and Christian revelation. This concern is one of the most characteristic differences between Scholasticism and modern thought since the Renaissance.The basic aim of the Scholastics determined certain common attitudes, the most important of which was their conviction of the fundamental ha
14、rmony between reason and revelation. The Scholastics maintained that because the same God was the source of both types of knowledge and truth was one of his chief attributes, he could not contradict himself in these two ways of speaking. Any apparent opposition between revelation and reason could be
15、 traced either to an incorrect use of reason or to an inaccurate interpretation of the words of revelation. Because the Scholastics believed that revelation was the direct teaching of God, it possessed for them a higher degree of truth and certainty than did natural reason. In apparent conflicts bet
16、ween religious faith and philosophic reasoning, faith was thus always the supreme arbiter, the theologians decision overruled that of the philosopher. After the early 13th century, Scholastic thought emphasized more the independence of philosophy within its own domain. Nonetheless, throughout the Sc
17、holastic period, philosophy was called the servant of theology, not only because the truth of philosophy was subordinated to that of theology, but also because the theologian used philosophy to understand and explain revelation.This attitude of Scholasticism stands in sharp contrast to the so-called
18、 double-truth theory of the Spanish-Arab philosopher and physician Averroes. His theory assumed that truth was accessible to both philosophy and Islamic theology but that only philosophy could attain it perfectly. The so-called truths of theology served, hence, as imperfect imaginative expressions f
19、or the common people of the authentic truth accessible only to philosophy. Averroes maintained that philosophic truth could even contradict, at least verbally, the teachings of Islamic theology.As a result of their belief in the harmony between faith and reason, the Scholastics attempted to determin
20、e the precise scope and competence of each of these faculties. Many early Scholastics, such as the Italian ecclesiastic and philosopher St. Anselm, did not clearly distinguish the two and were overconfident that reason could prove certain doctrines of revelation. Later, at the height of the mature p
21、eriod of Scholasticism, the Italian theologian and philosopher St. Thomas Aquinas worked out a balance between reason and revelation.（分数：10.00）(1).With the Scholastics, the search for new knowledge _. A. stopped completely B. slowed downC. advanced rapidly D. awaked gradually（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Whi
22、ch of the following best illustrates the relation between reason and revelation?A. They are simply identical.B. Revelation guides reason.C. They are occasionally contradictory.D. Reason is used to perfect revelation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that _. A. the position of
23、philosophy as a humble servant was acceptedB. religion had turned into a hamper to the functioning of philosophyC. philosophers often quoted revelation to support themselvesD. philosophers were sometimes referred to in religious practice（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, Averroes held th
24、at _. A. Islamic theology was often subordinate to philosophyB. religious truth was nothing but imaginative fantasyC. real truth was inaccessible to many common peopleD. imperfect expressions were result of flawed religion（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is most likely to be discussed in
25、the part succeeding the passage?A. Relations of St. T. Aquinas achievements to previous efforts.B. How St. T. Aquinas worked out in the balance in discussion.C. Other endeavors on the relationship of reason and revelation.D. Outstanding features of the mature period of Scholasticism.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D
26、.Passage TwoGlobal energy demand is expected to triple by mid-century. The earth is unlikely to run out of fossil fuels by then, given its vast reserves of coal, but it seems unthinkable that we will continue to use them as we do now. Its not just a question of supply and price or even of the diseas
27、e caused by filthy air. The terrorist assault on the World Trade Center raises other scary scenarios: how much easier would it be to crack open the Trans-Alaska pipeline and how much deadlier would it be to bomb a nuclear plant than to attack a wind farm?Skeptics may recall the burst of enthusiasm f
28、or conservation and renewable power when oil prices quadrupled in the 1970s. State-funded energy research and development surged, while tax incentives boosted solar, wind and other alternatives to petroleum and the atom. But when oil supplies loosened and prices dropped in the early 1990s, governmen
29、ts lost interest. In the state of California, subsidies evaporated, pushing wind companies into bankruptcy.Clean energy has long way to go. Only 2.2% of the worlds energy comes from “new“ renewables such as small hydroelectric dams, wind, solar and geothermal. How to boost that shareand at what pace
30、is debated in industrialized nationsfrom Japan, which imports 99.7 % of its oil, to Germany, where the nearby Chernobyl accident turned the public against nuclear plants, to the U.S., where the Bush Administration has strong ties to the oil industry. But the momentum toward clean renewables is unden
31、iable. How soon we reach an era of clean, inexhaustible energy depends on technology. Solar and wind energies are intermittent: When the sky is cloudy or the breeze dies down, fossil fuel or nuclear plants must kick into compensate. But scientists are working on better ways to store electricity from
32、 renewable sources.While developed nations debate how to fuel their power plants, however, some 1.6 billion peoplea quarter of the globes populationhave no access to electricity or gasoline. Many spend their days collecting firewood and cow dung, burning it in primitive stoves that belch smoke into
33、their lungs. To emerge from poverty, they need modern energy. And renewables can help. From village-scale hydropower to household photovoltaic systems to bio-gas stoves that convert dung into fuel.Ultimately, the earth can meet its energy needs without fouling the environment. “But it wont happen,“
34、asserts Thomas Johansson, an energy adviser to the United Nations Development Program, “without political will.“ To begin with, widespread government subsidies for fossil fuels and nuclear energy must be dismantled to level the playing field for renewables. Moreover, government should pressure utili
35、ty to meet targets for renewable sources of energy.（分数：10.00）(1).The authors biggest worry about using nuclear energy is that _. A. it will do great harm to the inadequate reserves of coalB. it is deadly if terrorists attack a nuclear plantC. it will limit the development of many other alternativesD
36、. there will be a wider gap between developed and developing countries（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The renewable energy research lost support from governments in the early 1990s because _.A. skeptics were becoming doubtful about the efficiency of renewablesB. renewables could not meet the increasing energy
37、needs of the societyC. it was much easier and cheaper to use oil than beforeD. the investment into the field was not worth its value（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which one of the following applies to the use of renewables in developed nations?A. The more developed a nation is, the higher the proportion of re
38、newables being used.B. Developed nations are experiencing a fierce energy revolution.C. Developed nations ties with the oil industry are becoming tense.D. Developed nations havent reached a consensus about using more renewables.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).From the passage, we can conclude that _. A. it wil
39、l be impossible for wind and solar energy to completely replace fossil fuelsB. high technology plays a vital role in the trend toward clean energyC. the development of a nation will inevitably pollute the environmentD. poor areas are badly polluted and are in high need of renewable energy（分数：2.00）A.
40、B.C.D.(5).The authors purpose of writing this passage is to _. A. urge the governments to take effective measuresB. illustrate the urgent demand of clean energyC. encourage developed nations to set up an example in the energy revolutionD. elaborate the difficulties in the use of clean energy（分数：2.00
41、）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeThe United States in the 1990s has had seven years of economic boom with low unemployment, low inflation, and low government deficit. Amid all of this good news, inequality has increased and wages have barely risen. Common sense knowledge seems to be right in this instance, tha
42、t is, the rich get richer, the poor get poorer, and the middle class is shrinking. Though President Clinton boasts that the number of people on welfare has decreased significantly under his regime to 8 million, a 44% decline from 1994, he forgets that there are still 36.5 million poor people in the
43、United States, which is only a 2% decline in the same amount of time. How is it possible that we have increasing inequality during economic prosperity?This contradiction is not easily explained by the dominant neoclassical economic discourse of our time. Nor is it resolved by neoconservative social
44、policy. More helpful is the one book under review: James K. Galbraiths Created Unequal, a Keynesian analysis of increasing wage inequality.James K. Galbraith provides a multicausal analysis that blames the current free market monetary policy for the increasing wage inequality. He calls for a rebelli
45、on in economic analysis and policy and for a reapplication of Keynesian macroeconomics to solve the problem. In Created Unequal, Galbraith successfully debunks the conservative contention that wage inequality is necessary because the new skill-based technological innovation requires educated workers
46、 who are in short supply. For Galbraith, this is a fantasy. He also critiques their two other assertions: first, that global competition requires an increase in inequality and that the maintenance of inequality is necessary to fight inflation. He points to transfer payments that are mediated by the
47、state: payment to the poor in the form of welfare is minor relative to payment to the elderly in the form of social security or to the rich in the form of interest on public and private debt.Galbraith minimizes the social indicators of race, gender, and class and tells us that these are not importan
48、t in understanding wage inequality. What is important is Keynesian macroeconomics. To make this point, he introduces a sectoral analysis of the economy. Here knowledge is dominant (the K-sector) and the producers of consumption goods (the C-sector) are in decline. The third sector is large and low p
49、aid (the S-sector). The K-sector controls the new technologies and wields monopoly power. Both wages and profit decline in the other two sectors. As a result of monopoly, power inequality increases.（分数：10.00）(1).The author accuses President Clinton of _. A. being too optimistic about the economic prosperityB. lying about the economic situation to the publicC. increasing the number of people on welfareD. being reluctant to raise the salary of the average people（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, Galbraiths book
