1、会计硕士专业学位联考英语(二)-21 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Kelly Sortino had a tough time recalling what she“d accomplished at the end of each busy workday. Her job as head of the upper school for the Crystal Springs Uplands School in Hillsborough, Calif., often 1 working 12-h
2、our days, including weekends and evenings. She enjoyed the 2 but worried that she wasn“t accomplishing everything she needed to. “I felt as if I wasn“t really having the time to do more of the strategic and 3 work to make those larger changes at the school.“ says Ms. Sortino. She decided to 4 a work
3、shop at Stanford University on how to simplify work processes and reduce waste. She learned, 5 , to block out her time more efficiently and minimize distractions. She also 6 herself to systematically completing her daily task list and to completely clearing her email inbox and workspace on a regular
4、 7 . The changes 8 a marked improvement in her time management. Ms. Sortino 9 works on weekends, but only as needed. It“s a tough time to be productive. Globalization, increased competition and the jarring immediacy of technology have made it difficult for modern employees to 10 on top of their grow
5、ing workloads while maintaining a good work-life balance. 11 , experts say small adjustments to how employees 12 work can have a big impact on their workplace efficiency. Learn to prioritize and to commit yourself to working in 13 blocks of time throughout the day. A 2009 Stanford University study f
6、ound that multitasking is less productive than single-tasking and that many self-proclaimed multitaskers have difficulty 14 out irrelevant information, further 15 their performance. It“s especially important to 16 what motivates the decisions your boss makes. Most subordinates have an employee-centr
7、ic view 17 their managers, which tends not to be accurate. A better understanding of your boss can help you to “sell“ the advice about 18 changes that can benefit the department and company. 19 with your boss to prioritize important work and eliminate unproductive tasks. Employees may think changing
8、 job functions is risky, 20 being proactive can impress your boss.（分数：10.00）A.requiredB.forcedC.compelledD.requestedA.titleB.overtimeC.recallD.workA.complicatedB.visioningC.importantD.regularA.participateB.haveC.startD.takeA.by the wayB.in factC.for exampleD.in particularA.contributeB.commitC.askD.a
9、llowA.scaleB.amountC.basisD.timeA.madeB.followedC.meantD.producedA.stillB.alsoC.seldomD.sometimesA.relaxB.competeC.stayD.workA.BesidesB.ThereforeC.FortunatelyD.OtherwiseA.stick toB.think aboutC.start withD.take overA.uninterruptedB.individualC.countableD.separatedA.figuringB.findingC.pickingD.filter
10、ingA.increaseB.diminishC.accumulateD.destroyA.guessB.understandC.collectD.imagineA.inB.onC.forD.ofA.processB.timeC.staffD.systemA.AccompanyB.OperateC.FollowD.WorkA.butB.andC.soD.unless二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What would make a smoker more like
11、ly to quit, a big reward for succeeding or a little penalty for failing? That is what researchers wanted to know when they assigned a large group of CVS employees (CVS Caremark is the country“s largest drugstore chain by sales), their relatives and friends to different smoking cessation programs. “A
12、dding a bit of a stick was much better than a pure carrot. These large employers are spending an average of $800 to $900 per employee per year, but in ways that are often blind to normal human psychology“ said Dr. Scott Halpern, who led the study. The trial was intended to change that . Researchers
13、randomly assigned the participants to a number of program options and let them decide whether they wanted to participate. The penalty program required participants to deposit $150; six months later, those who had quit smoking would get the deposit back, along with a $650 reward. In the reward-only p
14、rogram, participants were simply offered an $800 payment if they stayed off cigarettes for six months. The trial, which was described in The New England Journal of Medicine on Wednesday, was the largest yet to test whether offering people financial incentives could lead to better health. Researchers
15、 found that offering incentives was far more effective in getting people to stop smoking than the traditional approach of giving free smoking cessation help, such as counseling or nicotine replacement therapy like gum, medication or patches. But they also found that requiring a $150 deposit that wou
16、ld be lost if the person failed to stay off cigarettes for six months nearly doubled the chances of success. “This is an original set of findings,“ said Cass R. Sunstein, a Harvard law professor who helped develop some influential ideas in the field of behavioral economics, notably that if the socia
17、l environment can be changedfor example, by posting simple warningspeople can be nudged into better behavior. “They could be applied to many health issues, like alcoholism, or whenever people face serious self-control problems.“ Over all, success eluded most of the study participants. More than 80 p
18、ercent of smokers in the most popular pure rewards group were still smoking at the end of the study. Even so, researchers say, their success rate was far greater than for those who got the traditional treatment. Smoking is the largest cause of preventable death in the United States. Diseases linked
19、to it kill more than 480,000 Americans a year. And even a small decline could have a big health effect.（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word “that“ in Paragraph 2 refers to the situation that _.（分数：2.00）A.using a carrot is worse than using a stickB.the spending on physical examination is lessC.employers
20、 ignore normal human psychology of their staffD.large companies put too much money in their employees(2).Researchers found that the most effective smoking cessation approach was to _.（分数：2.00）A.provide incentivesB.give penalty for failingC.offer consultation servicesD.provide nicotine replacement th
21、erapy(3).According to Cass R. Sunstein, the findings of the study can be used in the following fields EX-CEPT the field of _.（分数：2.00）A.warningsB.alcoholismC.health problemsD.self-control issues(4).It is implied from the last paragraph that offering financial incentives in the study _.（分数：2.00）A.cou
22、ld get the highest success rateB.changed 20 percent of smokersC.might bring public health benefitsD.made most participants quit smoking(5).The most appropriate title for this passage would be _.（分数：2.00）A.Can Carrot or Stick Better Help Smokers Quit?B.Is Smoking Cessation Programs Effective in CVS?C
23、.Is Pure Rewards Group more Popular than Part Penalty Group?D.Can Traditional Smoking Cessation Treatment Lead to Better Health?五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When it comes to Barbie“s body, it will no longer be one size fits all. On Thursday, Mattel unveiled curvy, petite and tall versions of its iconic f
24、ashion doll whose unrealistically thin shape has attracted criticism for decades. The three body types will also be sold in an assortment of skin tones, eye colors and hairstyles. The move is about more than just making Barbie look different. While Barbie was once Mattel“s powerhouse brand, sales ha
25、ve plummeted in recent years as the doll has struggled to remain relevant to little girls who do not look like her and who play with toys other than dolls. “This is about drawing a wider demographic that had turned away from Barbie back to Barbie,“ said Jim Silver, the editor of a toy review website
26、. But some industry experts and academics have long doubted that cosmetic changeswhether racial or body shapescan revive the popularity of the 57-year-old Barbie, whose sales have been declining by double-digits in recent years. Executives have been optimistic, pointing to signs that Barbie“s in-sto
27、re sales began picking up last year. The slumping sales may also be partly attributed to the shift away from traditional toys toward electronics and games in recent years, as many parents and children have clamored for less gender-specific toys. Even Lego, the world“s top toymaker, has had to alter
28、its strategy and some of its building block lines to accommodate the growth in the market for learning toys that appeal to boys and girls. Faced with weakening sales in its core brands like Barbie, and criticism that it was too slow to pick up on trends, Mattel has undertaken a number of efforts to
29、improve innovation. Barbie“s new shapes also coincide with a progressive cultural shift already underway in stores and the toy aisles. Parents and many health experts have complained that too many dolls, models and even clothing companies conform to an extremely thin, even anorexic, body type and ha
30、ve pressured corporations to offer a broader variety of images and apparel sizes to give girls and boys more confidence in their own body shapes. And some parents, concerned about negative gender stereotypes (a racecar for a son, a princess doll for a daughter), have pushed retailers into more gende
31、r-neutral territory. The Disney Store, for example, decided to label all of its children“s Halloween costumes as “for kids,“ as opposed to for boys or girls. Amazon, which by some measures accounts for more than half of all online sales, has banished gender distinctions for its toys.（分数：10.00）(1).Ac
32、cording to Jim Silver, Barbie adds curvy, petite and tall to body shapes in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.make Barbie look different in skin tones, eye colors and hairstylesB.cater to girls who do not look like Barbie and who play with other toysC.let a wider range of people who lose interest in Barbie like
33、 Barbie againD.let more people from different countries who have never known Barbie love Barbie(2).What do some industry experts and academics think of Barbie“s change?（分数：2.00）A.It“s too old for Barbie to vary its race and body shapes.B.The change of makeup may not make Barbie popular again.C.Barbi
34、e can not be in accordance with customer preferences.D.Barbie can represent more girls with different racial and body shapes.(3).Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.Electronics and games tend to be less gender-specific.B.Lego will offer girls more career-oriented toys.
35、C.Lego will shift all of its energies to producing learning toys.D.Mattel is not good at using new technology and innovative approach.(4).According to the passage, parents and many health experts _.（分数：2.00）A.complain that there are too many dolls and modelsB.think that an extremely thin body type i
36、s comfortableC.force clothing company to bring pressure to other corporationsD.hope that children are more confident of their own body shapes(5).The introduction of Disney and Amazon helps to illustrate that _.（分数：2.00）A.they try to help kids build self-confidenceB.there is no basis for some parents
37、“ concernsC.they reject the negative gender stereotypes from the startD.there are some clothes and toys that are less gender-specific in retail stores六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Just as each wedding creates potential business for divorce lawyers, so each engagement gives insurers a chance to drum up bus
38、iness. Future spouses, says Alan Tuvin of Travelers, an insurer, may wish to protect themselves against something going wrong on the wedding day. It is unlikely that your intended wife will leave on horseback, as Julia Roberts did in “Runaway Bride“, and most insurers wouldn“t cover that anyway. But
39、 you never know what might happen. Mr. Tuvin launched the firm“s wedding-insurance business; he and his wife were its first clients. A typical American wedding costs 25,000 or so. This has fallen a bit over the past quarter-cen-tury but still seems lavish given how tight American belts are these day
40、s. Weddings are pricey because the rich are more likely to marry than the poor, and the average age of newlyweds has gone up, so couples are more prosperous when they eventually tie the knot. High prices, and the fact that many venues require couples to take out liability insurance, feed demand for
41、wedding insurance. A fifth of couples buy it, says the Wedding Report, a trade publication. Wedding insurance began in Britain: Cornhill, an insurer, wrote its first policy in 1988. But there were few takers. The idea only took off once transplanted to America. In the early days, says Mr. Nuccio of
42、Robert Nuccio of Wedsure, an surer, there were incidents of couples faking engagements to collect a payout. Since then, most policies have a clause that excludes “change of heart“. Wedsure does insure against cold feet, but its policy will pay out only if the wedding is cancelled more than 12 months
43、 before it is due to take place, thereby guarding against fiancs phoning the broker once the relationship is already on the rocks. This does not mean policies are useless. Common causes of payouts include the venue or caterers going bust after having taken a big deposit. Extreme weather, a spouse be
44、ing deployed by the armed forces and an absent priest can all trigger payouts. Most policies will pay to re-stage the photos if the photographer fails to turn up or disappears with the pictures. For some, even a small risk of something going wrong on a day that has been planned for months is worth p
45、aying to avoid. Who says romance is dead?（分数：10.00）(1).The example of Julia Roberts is used to show that _.（分数：2.00）A.anything can happen on the wedding dayB.each engagement gives insurers a chance to profitC.suddenness like that is easy to happen during the weddingD.most wedding insurers will cover
46、 things like that(2).Which of the following cannot explain the development of wedding insurance?（分数：2.00）A.Higher prices of weddings.B.More liability insurance required.C.The newlyweds“ getting older.D.More demand for wedding insurance.(3).Wedsure“s policy against cold feet will pay out on condition
47、 that _.（分数：2.00）A.the fiancs are due to break upB.the fiancs“ relationship is already on the rocksC.the wedding is cancelled when it is due to take placeD.the wedding is cancelled more than one year in advance(4).Common causes of payouts exclude that _.（分数：2.00）A.caterers go bankruptB.a spouse chan
48、ges the heartC.the priest is not presentD.the photographer vanishes(5).The author“s attitude towards wedding insurance is _.（分数：2.00）A.criticalB.neutralC.approvedD.indifferent七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The mythology of a culture can provide some vital insights into the beliefs and values of that cultur
49、e. By using fantastic and sometimes incredible stories to create an oral tradition by which to explain the wonders of the natural world and teach lessons to younger generations, a society exposes those ideas and concepts held most important. Just as important as the final lesson to be gathered from the stories, however, are the characters and the roles they play in conveying that message. Perhaps the epitome of mythology and its use as a tool to pass on cultural values can be found in Aesop“s Fables, told and retold during
