1、北京师范大学 2013年真题及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：7.00)In contrast to rock musicians, jazz players prefer to spend their time with their music and tend to measure success by that single standard, as a trombonist once put it: “A jazz musician would rat
2、her play a good concert for three people than a bad one for three thousand. “All the same, with their fellow players, jazzmen are collegiate and gregarious, exchange musical ideas in a spirit of mutual support or friendly competition, uniting in a collaborative effort to raise the level of their art
3、. Even the greatest individuals have benefited from the talents of others. In this legendary band, Duke Ellington provided star soloists with the ideal framework for their abilities. At the same time, they inspired him with the rich material of their personal idioms and phrases, which found their wa
4、y into his compositions. In fact, Ellington was so adept at recycling what he heard that one of them described him as “not a composer but a compiler“. Ellington“s creative gifts were genuine and vast, but for much of his life he did receive crucial assistance not only from the involvement of his ban
5、d, but from an actual day-in, day-out collaborator. In 1938 he met Billy Strayhorn, a young pianist-composer who was immediately brought into the ducal fold. Strayhorn became Ellington“s altered ego, contributing scores to the band but functioning even more importantly as a silent partner, completin
6、g pieces Ellington left unfinished, reworking others and acting as all-purpose composersometimes credited, more often not. Ellington provided Strayhorn with financial security, artistic respect and the creative medium of the Ellington band. Throughout their partnershipwhich lasted until Strayhorn“s
7、death in 1967they never had a contract. Ellington simply paid all creative equal and friends, describing him as “my favorite human being“, Strayhorn, a homosexual bon vivant, brilliant but self-effacing, let Ellington take both the glory and the strain of stardom, while he relieved some of the artis
8、tic pressure with a talent comparable to the leader“s own. Though occasionally there was discord over the matter of official composer credit in their joint works, Ellington always publicly acknowledged his colleague“s contributions, and the many Strayhorn originals in Ellington“s book speak for them
9、selves, including the band“s famous theme and greatest hit, “Take the Train“. Thought the young man was adept at imitating the ducal style, his own unique voice, full of subtle impressionist colors, influenced a generation of later jazz composers.（分数：7.00）(1).According to the article, jazzmen _.（分数：
10、1.00）A.compete fiercely with each otherB.are not sociable when they are with their fellow playersC.refuse to exchange ideas about music with their fellow playersD.collaborate a lot with their fellow players to improve the level of their art(2).Which of the following statements is TRUE about Duke Ell
11、ington?（分数：1.00）A.He refused to collaborate with but a few talented musiciansB.He had little natural talent but rather used other“s genius for his own purposesC.He entered into a collaborative relationship with Billy Strayhom that suited both menD.He often utilized material from lesser known musicia
12、ns without proper acknowledgement(3).Of the Strayhorn/Ellington relationship, the author believes _.（分数：1.00）A.both men were ultimately dissatisfied with their working arrangementB.Strayhorn was respected and well compensated for his contributions to the bandC.Strayhorn provided the bulk of the crea
13、tive talent while Ellington received the public recognition for their effortD.while their professional relationship was productive, their personalities often clashed, putting a strain on their relationship(4).The author feels jazz musicians _.（分数：1.00）A.strive for commercial success over musical acc
14、omplishmentB.differ from rock musicians in their ability to raise the level of their musicC.are traditionally soloists who gain little from cooperative collaborationD.gain much through mutual collaboration, although often individualists(5).It is indicated that Billy Strayhorn _.（分数：1.00）A.wrote many
15、 famous songs and often attributed to Duke EllingtonB.ended his work with Duke Ellington amid tension and frustrationC.struggled financially as he never received proper credit for his workD.was basically known for integrating different jazz themes into a larger compilation(6).The title for this pass
16、age would be _.（分数：1.00）A.Jazzmen Strayhorn and Ellington Walk AloneB.A Classic Collaborative Effort during Jazz“s Finest HourC.Strayhom and Ellington: an Unequal and Frustration CollaborationD.Jazz is Never Played in Group: Ellington and Strayhorn Tell the World(7).What is the possible meaning of t
17、he underlined word “hit“ in the last paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.a successful playB.striking vigorouslyC.a song that was welcomed by the publicD.a headline printed prominently to draw the public attention三、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Water is the giver and, at the same time, the taker of life. It covers most
18、 of the surface of the planet we live on and features large in the development of the human race. On present predictions, it is an cement that is set to assume even greater significance. Throughout history, water has had a huge impact on our lives. Humankind has always had a rather ambiguous relatio
19、nship with water, on the one hand receiving enormous benefit from it, not just as a drinking source, but as a provider of food and a means whereby to travel and to trade. But forced to live close to water in order to survive and to develop, the relationship has not always been peaceful or beneficial
20、. In fact, it has been quite the contrary. What has essentially been a necessity for survival was turned out in many instances to have a very destructive and life-threatening side. Through the ages, great floods alternated with long periods of drought have assaulted people and their environment, ham
21、pering their fragile fight for survival. The dramatic changes to the environment that are now a feature of our daily news are not exactly new: fields that were once lush and fertile are now barren; lakes and rivers that were once teeming with life are now long gone; savannah has been turned to deser
22、t. What perhaps is new is our native wonder when faced with the forces of nature. Today, we are more aware of climatic changes around the world. Floods in far-flung places are instant news for the whole world. Perhaps these events make us feel better as we face the destruction of our own property by
23、 floods and other natural disasters. In 2002, many parts of Europe suffered severe flood damage running into billions of euros. Properties across the continent collapsed into the sea as waves pounded the coastline wreaking havoc with sea defenses. But it was not just the seas. Rivers swollen by heav
24、y rains and by the effects of deforestation carried large volumes of water that wrecked many communities. Building stronger and more sophisticated fiver defenses against flooding is the expensive short-term answer. There are simpler ways. Planting trees in highland areas, not just in Europe but in p
25、laces like the Ganges Delta, is a cheaper and more attractive solution. Progress is already being made in convincing countries that the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is causing considerable damage to the environment. But more effort is needed in this direction. And the future
26、? If we are to believe the forecasts, it is predicted that two thirds of the world population will be without fresh water by 2025. But for a growing number of regions of the world the future is already with us. While some areas are devastated by flooding, scarcity of water in many other places is ca
27、using conflict. The state of Texas in the United States of America is suffering a shortage of water with the Rio Grande failing to reach the Gulf of Mexico for the first time in 50 years in the spring of 2002, pitting region against region as they vie for water sources. With many parts of the globe
28、running dry through drought and increased water consumption, there is now talk of water being the new oil. Other doom-laden estimates suggest that, while tropical areas will become drier and uninhabitable, coastal regions and some low-lying islands will in all probability be submerged by the sea as
29、the polar ice caps melt. Popular exotic destinations now visited by countless tourists will become no-go areas. Today“s holiday hotspots of southern Europe and elsewhere will literally become hotspotstoo hot to live in or visit, with the current erratic behavior of the weather, it is difficult not t
30、o subscribe to such despair. Some might say that this despondency is ill-founded, but we have had ample proof that there is something not quite fight with the climate. Many parts of the world have experienced devastating flooding. As the seasons revolve, the focus of the destruction moves from one c
31、ontinent to another. The impact on the environment is alarming and the cost to life depressing. It is a picture to which we will need to become accustomed.（分数：7.00）(1).The writer believes that water _.（分数：1.00）A.is gradually becoming of greater importanceB.will have little impact on our lives in fut
32、ureC.is something we will need more than anything elseD.will have even greater importance in our lives in future(2).Humankind“s relationship with water has been _.（分数：1.00）A.two-sidedB.one-sideC.purely one of great benefitD.fairly frightening(3).The writer suggests that _.（分数：1.00）A.we are in awe of
33、 the news we read and see on TV every dayB.change to the environment leaves us speechlessC.we should not be in awe of the news we read and see on TV every dayD.our surprise at the environmental change brought about by nature is something new(4).According to the passage, planting trees _.（分数：1.00）A.h
34、as to be coordinated internationallyB.is more expensive than building sea and river defensesC.is a less expensive answer to flooding in all regionsD.is not an answer to the problem of flooding in all regions(5).By 2025, it is projected that _.（分数：1.00）A.at least half the world population will have f
35、resh waterB.one-third of the world population will have fresh waterC.the majority of the world population will have fresh waterD.fresh water will only be available to half of the world population(6).According to the passage, in the future low-lying islands _.（分数：1.00）A.will still be habitableB.will
36、not be under waterC.are likely to be under waterD.will probably not be under water(7).According to the writer, _.（分数：1.00）A.people do not need to get used to environmental damageB.people will need to get used to climate changes that cause environmental damageC.people are now more used to environment
37、al damage than they have been in the pastD.the general despondency about environmental changes is ill-founded四、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The legend of Paul Revere“s midnight ride through the Massachusetts countryside in 1775 is known to most Americans, young and old. As the story goes, Paul Revere
38、 was a silversmith in Boston at the time of the American Revolution. When he learned that the British army planned to attack the towns and villages of Middlesex County, farmhouse and village hall, to warn the local revolutionary soldiers of the planned attack. Because of his warning (according to le
39、gend) the struggling American colonies were able to defeat the British in an important battle. One reason for the popularity of the legend may be the publicity it has received through Henry Wadsworth Longfellow“s commemorative poem, Paul Revere“s Ride. Longfellow wrote the poem in 1861 and it has si
40、nce then become one of the most well-known and well-loved poems in the country. The poem certainly captures the sense of danger and excitement, met with courage and ingenuity which many Americans associate with the American Revolution. It is easy to understand why the poem evokes such a large audien
41、ce. However, Longfellow“s poem contains a number of historical errors. According to Longfellow“s poem, Paul Revere instructed a friend to watch the movement of the British troops and determine whether they marched inland or towards their boats. The friend was then to hang lanterns in the tower of th
42、e Old Church in Boston: one lantern if the British marched by land and two lanterns if they marched by sea. The expression “one if by land and two if by sea,“ taken from Longfellow“s poem, has become very popular and is often quoted. But this idea contains two inaccuracies. First, the lanterns were
43、hung in the tower of the Old Christ Church, not the Old North Church, which is in a completely different part of Boston and would not have been visible from Paul Revere“s lookout point. Second, Longfellow confused the meaning of the number of lanterns to be hung: the actual arrangement was “two if b
44、y land and one if by sea. “ Not all of Longfellow“s historical mistakes are so minor. It seems as though Longfellow chose to emphasize the idea of one lone hero struggling against many opposing forces, with only his own abilities to rely on. But actually, Paul Revere was only one of three riders del
45、egated to warn the Revolutionary soldiers about the coming attack. Some people feel that Longfellow“s errors are insignificant, and that the ideals of courage and cunning are the important features of both the poem and the historical events which inspired it. But others feel that, while it probably
46、makes little difference how many lanterns were hung from which church tower, the poem“s emphasis on the solitary hero runs counter to the most valuable idea in the poem: the idea of unity and cooperation in the face of danger. Critics of the poem raise an important question: Longfellow“s poem tells
47、a famous story, and tells it powerfullybut is it the right story?（分数：7.00）(1).According to the article, which of the following statements about Paul Revere is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Paul Revere was a silversmith in BostonB.Paul Revere rode on horseback all alone in MassachusettsC.Paul Revere was instructed
48、 to watch closely the movements of the British troopsD.Paul Revere was instructed to watch closely the movements of the British people(2).Paul Revere RODE THROUGH Middlesex County because he wanted to warn the local townspeople that _.（分数：1.00）A.the British were going to steal their silverB.the Brit
49、ish army was going to attack themC.the British were going to plunder the townD.they should escape from the British soldiers by sea instead of running away over land(3).According to the article, what is one of the factors that contribute to the popularity of the story of Paul Revere?（分数：1.00）A.Longfellow“s poem “Paul Revere“s Ride“B.Paul Revere“s courage and braveryC.The important event of the American RevolutionD.An important question raised by critics of the poem(4).According to the article, what the opponents of Longfell
