1、复旦大学考博英语-试卷 22 及答案解析(总分：124.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.During the summer vacation, Mary worked on a(an)_basis as a salesman, taking 8 percent of everything she sells.（分数：2.00）A.salaryB.incomeC.commissionD.pension2.She listened carefully_she might discover exactly what he
2、wanted.（分数：2.00）A.so as thatB.in caseC.providingD.in order that3.Michelle found it difficult to get his British jokes_to Australian audiences.（分数：2.00）A.acrossB.dealC.overD.down4.The news item about the traffic accident is followed by a detailed report made_.（分数：2.00）A.on the spotB.on the locationC.
3、on the groundD.on the site5.Despite their good service provided, most inns are less expensive than hotels of_standards.（分数：2.00）A.equivalentB.likelyC.alikeD.uniform6.You must have the experience that you find your voice_on the telephone.（分数：2.00）A.distortedB.irregularC.twistedD.deformed7.President J
4、immy gave a brief_ of the history of the university before the opening of the conference.（分数：2.00）A.commentB.referenceC.accountD.statement8.When they had finished reading, the children were told to_all the picture books they had taken out.（分数：2.00）A.put upB.put offC.put awayD.put out9.Peters father
5、asked him to spend his time on something_researching into instead of playing all the time.（分数：2.00）A.worthyB.valuableC.worthD.precious10.It is often more difficult_than to get financial support for scientific research.（分数：2.00）A.obtaining trained menB.to find trained menC.in getting men trainedD.rec
6、ruiting experienced men11.Id_his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.（分数：2.00）A.take into accountB.account forC.make up forD.make out12.He was_when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced hi
7、m.（分数：2.00）A.incredibleB.inevitableC.incredulousD.indifferent13.We had a marvelous holiday only the last two days were slightly_by weather.（分数：2.00）A.damagedB.enhancedC.spoiledD.diminished14.NASA is casting a wider net in the space shuttle investigation as to what caused the spacecraft to swing out
8、control and_moments before it was to land.（分数：2.00）A.disassembleB.disembarkC.disintegrateD.disinherit15.The joys of travel, having long_the disabled, are opening up to virtually anyone who has the means.（分数：2.00）A.omittedB.missedC.neglectedD.discarded16.Fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to sp
9、end their working lives in the same field,_ the same company.（分数：2.00）A.all elseB.much worseC.less likelyD.let alone17.The new governments tax raise policy actually led to the result that the incomes from taxation actually_.（分数：2.00）A.shrinkB.delayC.disperseD.sink18.The behavior of an animal depends
10、 mainly on _, where as human behavior is mostly a product of learning.（分数：2.00）A.instinctB.impulseC.consciousnessD.response19.The patients believe that Dr. Smith knows exactly how to put them_.（分数：2.00）A.rightB.correctC.wellD.straight20.We were suddenly_when I was speaking to John on the phone.（分数：2
11、.00）A.hungB.cut downC.cut offD.hung back21.The meeting was so prolonged and exhausting that_the speakers stopped for refreshments.（分数：2.00）A.at largeB.at easeC.at intervalsD.at random22.The mother sat by the window_the hole in her coat.（分数：2.00）A.healingB.resumingC.minglingD.patching23.Her_to execut
12、ive manager is an acknowledgement of her hard work and unusual talent.（分数：2.00）A.professionB.occupationC.resignationD.promotion24.We had to learn to work with others and many of our own ideas had to be_for the good of the whole.（分数：2.00）A.thrown awayB.compensatedC.brushed asideD.neglected25.The clum
13、sy movement of the giant panda amused all the_.（分数：2.00）A.visitorsB.witnessesC.watchersD.spectators26.He wanted very much to run for a second term, but owing to poor health, he was_to give it up.（分数：2.00）A.drivenB.permittedC.rebukedD.compelled27.You can_different kinds of people, dictionaries or enc
14、yclopedia to find out what you wish to know.（分数：2.00）A.contactB.containC.consultD.convert28.Applications have poured in_assignments to remote regions of the country.（分数：2.00）A.requiringB.beggingC.requestingD.awaiting29.In his_to further his knowledge of the universe, man has now begun to explore spa
15、ce.（分数：2.00）A.endeavorB.expeditionC.trailD.chase30.After a careful examination, the doctor_a new medical and a two-day rest for the patient.（分数：2.00）A.describedB.inscribedC.prescribedD.transcribed二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)The statistics Ive cited and the living examples are all too famil
16、iar to you. But what may not be so familiar will be the increasing number of women who are looking actively for advancement of for a new job in your offices. This woman may be equipped with professional skills and perhaps valuable experience, she will not be content to be Executive Assistant to Mr.
17、Seldom Seen of the Assistant Vice Presidents Girl Friday, who is the only one who comes in on Saturday. She is the symbol of what I call the Second Wave of Feminism. She is the modern woman who is determined to be. Her forerunner was the radical feminist who interpreted her trapped position as a fem
18、ale as oppression by the master class of men. Men, she believed, had created a domestic, servile role for women in order that men could have the career and the opportunity to participate in making the great decisions of society. Thus the radical feminist held that women through history had been oppr
19、essed and dehumanized, mainly because man chose to exploit his wife and the mother of his children. Sometimes it was deliberate exploitation and sometimes it was the innocence of never looking beneath the pretensions of life. The radical feminists found strength in banding together. Coming to recogn
20、ize each other for the first time, they could explore their own identities, realize their own power, and view the male and his system as the common enemy. The first phases of feminism in the last five years often took on this militant, class-warfare tone. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Germaine Gree
21、r, and many others hammered home their ideas with a persistence that aroused and intrigued many of the brightest and most able women in the country. Consciousness-raising groups allowed women to explore both their identities and their dreams and the two were often found in direct conflict. What is t
22、he stereotyped role of American women? Marriage. A son. Two daughters. Breakfast. Ironing. Lunch. Bowling, maybe a garden club of for the very daring, non-credit courses in ceramics. Perhaps an occasional cocktail party. Dinner. Football or baseball on TV. Each day the same. Never any growth in expe
23、ctations unless it is growth because the husband has succeeded. The inevitable question: “Is that all there is to life?“ The rapid growth of many feminist organizations attests to the fact that these radical feminists had touched some vital nerves. The magazine “Ms. “ was born in the year of the dea
24、th of the magazine “Life. “ But too often the consciousness-raising sessions became ends in themselves. Too often sexism reversed itself and man-hating was encouraged. Many had been with the male chauvinist. It is not difficult, therefore, to detect a trend toward moderation. Consciousness-raising i
25、ncreasingly is regarded as a means to independence and fulfillment, rather than a ceremony of fulfillment itself. Genuine independence can be realized through competence, through finding a career, through the use of education. Remember that for many decades the education of women was not supposed to
26、 be useful.（分数：10.00）(1).What was the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The Second Wave of Feminist.B.Womens Independent Spirits.C.The Unity of Women.D.The Action of Union.(2).What was the authors attitude toward the radical?（分数：2.00）A.He supported it wholeheartedly.B.He opposed it strongly.C.He
27、disapproved to some extent.D.He ignored it completely.(3).What does the word “militant“ mean?（分数：2.00）A.Aggressive.B.Ambitions.C.Progressive.D.Independent.(4).What was the radical feminists view point about the male?（分数：2.00）A.Women were exploited by the male.B.Women were independent of the male.C.W
28、omens lives were deprived by the male.D.The male were their common enemy.(5).What is the role of the American women according to the fourth paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The traditional role.B.The stable role.C.The ambitious role.D.The exaggerated role.The majority of successful senior managers do not closel
29、y follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on wh
30、at is vaguely termed “intuition“ to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely
31、heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is ne
32、ither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of pai
33、nstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!“ experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most seni
34、or executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to(违反, 背道而驰)their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers
35、can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns. One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “
36、thinking“ is inseparable from acting. Since managers often “know“ what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organiz
37、ations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the result
38、s of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/ acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of
39、 the passage?（分数：2.00）A.An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.B.A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.C.The results of recent research are introduced and summarizedD.Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.(2).The passage suggests w
40、hich of the following about the “writers on management“ mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.B.They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C.They have rel
41、ied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D.They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.(3).According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to_.（分数：2.00）A.speed up of the creat
42、ion of a solution to a problemB.identify a problemC.bring together disparate factsD.stipulate clear goals(4).It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y
43、, who uses only formal decision analysis?（分数：2.00）A.Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.B.Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.C.Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.D.
44、Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.(5).The passage provides support for which of the following statements?（分数：2.00）A.Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.B.Managers cann
45、ot justify their intuitive decisions.C.Managers intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.D.Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often inv
46、olves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion. A useful theory, in addition to expla
47、ining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the
48、scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected. Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules H
49、enri Poincare said; “ Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house. “ Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerab
