1、对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士英语真题 2011年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section I Multiple C(总题数：22，分数：22.00)1.The Space Age _ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.（分数：1.00）A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced2.John said that he didn
2、t quite _ and asked me to repeat what I had said.（分数：1.00）A.snatch upB.summon upC.catch onD.watch out3.When he tried to make a _, he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a convention.（分数：1.00）A.complaintB.claimC.reservationD.decision4.A budget of five dollars a day is
3、 totally _ for a trip round Europe.（分数：1.00）A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid5.In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled workers is _（分数：1.00）A.shrinkingB.obscuringC.alteringD.constraining6.The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be _ by this devic
4、e.（分数：1.00）A.ignitedB.lightedC.firedD.inspired7.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time _ the last bus.（分数：1.00）A.to have caughtB.to catchC.catchingD.having caught8.Frankly speaking, your article is very good except for some _ mistakes in grammar.（分数：1.00）A.obscureB.glaringC
5、.trivialD.rare9.As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally.（分数：1.00）A.neednt dress upB.did not need have dressed upC.did not need dress upD.neednt have dressed up10.Certain species disappeared or became _ as new forms arose that were better adapted to the Earths changing environmen
6、t.（分数：1.00）A.feebleB.extinctC.massiveD.extinguished11.I apologize if I _ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.（分数：1.00）A.offendB.had offendedC.should have offendedD.might have offended12.Franklin D. Roosevelt argued that the depression stemmed from the American economy _ flaws.（分数：1.00）A.under
7、liningB.vulnerableC.vulgarD.underlying13.Although a teenager, Fred could resist _ what to do and what not to do.（分数：1.00）A.to be toldB.having been toldC.being toldD.to have been told14.I am afraid that you have to alter your _ views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.（分数：1.00）A.indiff
8、erentB.distressingC.optimisticD.pessimistic15.Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided.（分数：1.00）A.is to beB.can beC.will beD.has been16.Stop shouting! I cant hear the football _.（分数：1.00）A.judgmentB.interpretationC.commentaryD.explanation17.Doing yo
9、ur homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _, it comes to classroom tests.（分数：1.00）A.beforeB.asC.sinceD.when18.Every member of society has to make a _ to struggle for the freedom of the country.（分数：1.00）A.pledgeB.warrantyC.resolveD.guarantee19.David tends to f
10、eel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much _ to those who compete well.（分数：1.00）A.prestigeB.regimeC.superiorityD.legislation20.The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to _ when it arrived in New York.（分数：1.00）A.go offB.get offC.come offD.carry off21.The young
11、er persons attraction to stereos cannot be explained only _ familiarity with technology.（分数：1.00）A.in quest ofB.by means ofC.in terms ofD.by virtue of22.By signing the lease we made a _ to pay a rent of $150 a week.（分数：1.00）A.conceptionB.commissionC.commitmentD.confinement三、Section II Identify (总题数：
12、8，分数：8.00)23.By the time Julia Roberts was 23, she had won two academy award nominations, she had also become the worlds most popular female actress.（分数：1.00）A.run onB.comma spliceC.correctD.fragment24.Since then, Roberts has appeared in fourteen films. Most recently, “My Best Friends Wedding“ and “
13、The Conspiracy Theory. “（分数：1.00）A.fragmentB.choppyC.correctD.comma splice25.She didnt plan to become an actress. She wanted to be six feet tall. She wanted to be a veterinarian. She wanted to be happy and make others happy.（分数：1.00）A.fragmentB.comma spliceC.choppyD.correct26.Although Julia Roberts
14、has had much professional success. In spite of her trouble with several failed relationships.（分数：1.00）A.fragmentB.choppyC.comma spliceD.correct27.Julia Roberts lives in Manhattan, not far from the apartment she once shared with her sister in Greenwich Village.（分数：1.00）A.fragmentB.comma spliceC.corre
15、ctD.run on28.She came to New York when she was seventeen. Because her older sister lived there and she was influenced by her sister.（分数：1.00）A.fragmentB.run onC.choppyD.comma splice29.Roberts was raised in Georgi（分数：1.00）A.Her parents ran a theater school there. Her sister and brother are also actor
16、s. The family was always short of money.A. fragmentB. choppyC. correctD. run on30.When Julia was four years old, her parents divorced. After eighteen years of marriage.（分数：1.00）A.fragmentB.run onC.choppyD.correct四、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Passage 1Many United States companies have, unfortun
17、ately, made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980 the United States international Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that
18、foreign companies “dumped“ their products in the United States at “less than fair value. “ Even when no unfair practices are alleged, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief.Contrary to the general impression, this quest for import relief ha
19、s hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop an intricate web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all t
20、he units under the same parent company. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the importsand that the United States company received a subs
21、idy from a foreign government to build its plant abroadthe United States companys products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most brazen ease occurred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United St
22、ates salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to de-ice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate with“ United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States“ company claiming injury was a subsidiary
23、of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian“ companies included a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage is chiefly concerned with _.（分数：2.00）A.arguing against the increased internationalization of United States corporations
24、B.warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC.demonstrating that foreign-based firms receive more subsidies from their governments than United States firms receive from the United States governmentD.advocating the use of trade restrictions for “dumped
25、“ products but not for other imports(2).It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the international Trade Commission is which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.A foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign government.B.A foreign competitor has substantially
26、 increased the volume of products shipped to the United States.C.A foreign competitor selling products in the United States at less than fair market value.D.The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the United States.(3).The last paragraph performs which of the
27、following functions in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.It summarizes the discussion thus far and suggests additional areas of research.B.It presents a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C.It cites a specific case that illustrates a problem presented more generally in the previous paragrap
28、h.D.It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.(4).The passage warns of which of the following dangers?（分数：2.00）A.Companies in the United States may receive no protection from imports unless they actively seek protection from import competition.B.Companies that seek legal prot
29、ection from import competition may incur legal costs that far exceed any possible gain.C.Companies that are United States owned but operate internationally may not be eligible for protection from import competition under the laws of the countries in which their plants operate.D.Companies that are no
30、t United States owned may seek legal protection from import competition under United States import relief laws.(5).According to the passage, the International Trade Commission is involved in which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.Investigating allegations of unfair import competitionB.Granting subsidies
31、to companies in the United States that have been injured by import competitionC.Recommending legislation to ensure fair tradeD.Identifying international corporations that wish to build plants in the United StatesPassage 2Since the late 1970s in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of
32、industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivityand therefore enhance their international competitivenessthrough cost-cutting programs. (Cost-cutting here is defined as raising labor output while holding the amount of labor constant.) However, from 1978 through
33、 1982, productivitythe value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor inputdid not improve; and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the same time,
34、 it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement cost-cutting, the more they lost their competitive edge.With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies; it became clear to me that the cost-cutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed. Manufacturing
35、 regularly observes a “40, 40, 20“ rule. Roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the number, size, location, and capacity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes fro
36、m major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional cost-cutting. This rule does not imply that cost-cutting should not be tried. The well-known tools of this approachincluding simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not har
37、derdo produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute.Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathys study of automobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own
38、 investments in cost-cutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured. Pro
39、duction managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output. This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny-pinching, mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers.Every comp
40、any I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the
41、 factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach; within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting cost
42、s. There is hope for manufacturing, but it dearly rests oil a different way of managing.（分数：10.00）(1).The author of the passage is primarily concerned with _.（分数：2.00）A.summarizing a thesisB.recommending a different approachC.comparing points of viewD.making a series of predictions(2).It can be infe
43、rred from the passage that the manufacturers mentioned in paragraph 1 expected that the measures they implemented would _.（分数：2.00）A.encourage innovationB.keep labor output constantC.increase their competitive advantageD.permit business upturns to be more easily predicted(3).The primary function of
44、the first paragraph of the passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.present a historical context for the authors observationsB.anticipate challenges to the prescriptions that followC.clarify some disputed definitions of economic termsD.summarize a number of longaccepted explanations(4).The author refers to Aberna
45、thys study most probably in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.qualify an observation about one rule governing manufacturingB.address possible objections to a recommendation about improving manufacturing competitivenessC.support an earlier assertion about method of increasing productivityD.suggest the centrality
46、 in the Unit States economy of a particular manufacturing industry(5).The authors attitude toward the culture in most factories is best described as _.（分数：2.00）A.cautiousB.criticalC.disinterestedD.respectfulPassage 3It can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategies arises
47、 from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given product. There are three groups of consumers who are affected by the marketing process. First, there is the market segmentpeople who need the commodity in question. Second, there is the program targetpeople in the market segm
48、ent with the “best fit“ characteristics for a specific product. Lots of people may need trousers, but only a few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers. Finally, there is the program audience-all people who are actually exposed to the marketing program without regard to whether
49、 they need or want the product.These three groups are rarely identical. An exception occurs in cases where customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable. Such customers, all sharing a particular need, are likely to form a meaningful target, for example, all companies with a particular application of the product in question, such as high-speed fillers of bottles at breweries. In such circumst
