1、2011 年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 The Space Age _ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.（A）initiated（B） originated（C） embarked（D）commenced2 John said that he didnt quite _ and asked me to repeat what I had said.（A）snatch up（B） summon up（C） cat
2、ch on（D）watch out3 When he tried to make a _, he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a convention.（A）complaint（B） claim（C） reservation（D）decision4 A budget of five dollars a day is totally _ for a trip round Europe.（A）inadequate（B） incapable（C） incompatible（D）invalid
3、5 In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled workers is _（A）shrinking（B） obscuring（C） altering（D）constraining6 The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be _ by this device.（A）ignited（B） lighted（C） fired（D）inspired7 I worked so late in the office last night that I
4、 hardly had time _ the last bus.（A）to have caught（B） to catch（C） catching（D）having caught8 Frankly speaking, your article is very good except for some _ mistakes in grammar.（A）obscure（B） glaring（C） trivial（D）rare9 As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally.（A）neednt dress up（B） did
5、 not need have dressed up（C） did not need dress up（D）neednt have dressed up10 Certain species disappeared or became _ as new forms arose that were better adapted to the Earths changing environment.（A）feeble（B） extinct（C） massive（D）extinguished11 I apologize if I _ you, but I assure you it was uninte
6、ntional.（A）offend（B） had offended（C） should have offended（D）might have offended12 Franklin D.Roosevelt argued that the depression stemmed from the American economy _ flaws.（A）underlining（B） vulnerable（C） vulgar（D）underlying13 Although a teenager, Fred could resist _ what to do and what not to do.（A）
7、to be told（B） having been told（C） being told（D）to have been told14 I am afraid that you have to alter your _ views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.（A）indifferent（B） distressing（C） optimistic（D）pessimistic15 Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food sh
8、ortage _ avoided.（A）is to be（B） can be（C） will be（D）has been16 Stop shouting! I cant hear the football _.（A）judgment（B） interpretation（C） commentary（D）explanation17 Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _, it comes to classroom tests.（A）before（B）
9、as（C） since（D）when18 Every member of society has to make a _ to struggle for the freedom of the country.（A）pledge（B） warranty（C） resolve（D）guarantee19 David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much _ to those who compete well.（A）prestige（B） regime（C） superiority（D）legislati
10、on20 The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to _ when it arrived in New York.（A）go off（B） get off（C） come off（D）carry off21 The younger persons attraction to stereos cannot be explained only _ familiarity with technology.（A）in quest of（B） by means of（C） in terms of（D）by v
11、irtue of22 By signing the lease we made a _ to pay a rent of $150 a week.（A）conception（B） commission（C） commitment（D）confinement二、Structure and Rhetorie23 By the time Julia Roberts was 23, she had won two academy award nominations, she had also become the worlds most popular female actress.（A）run on
12、（B） comma splice（C） correct（D）fragment24 Since then, Roberts has appeared in fourteen films. Most recently, “My Best Friends Wedding“ and “The Conspiracy Theory. “（A）fragment（B） choppy（C） correct（D）comma splice25 She didnt plan to become an actress. She wanted to be six feet tall. She wanted to be a
13、 veterinarian. She wanted to be happy and make others happy.（A）fragment（B） comma splice（C） choppy（D）correct26 Although Julia Roberts has had much professional success. In spite of her trouble with several failed relationships.（A）fragment（B） choppy（C） comma splice（D）correct27 Julia Roberts lives in M
14、anhattan, not far from the apartment she once shared with her sister in Greenwich Village.（A）fragment（B） comma splice（C） correct（D）run on28 She came to New York when she was seventeen. Because her older sister lived there and she was influenced by her sister.（A）fragment（B） run on（C） choppy（D）comma s
15、plice29 Roberts was raised in Georgia. Her parents ran a theater school there. Her sister and brother are also actors. The family was always short of money.（A）fragment（B） choppy（C） correct（D）run on30 When Julia was four years old, her parents divorced. After eighteen years of marriage.（A）fragment（B）
16、 run on（C） choppy（D）correct三、Reading Comprehension30 Many United States companies have, unfortunately, made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980 the United States international Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging
17、damage from imports that benefit from subsidies by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped“ their products in the United States at “less than fair value. “ Even when no unfair practices are alleged, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is suffi
18、cient grounds to seek relief.Contrary to the general impression, this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop an intricate web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationsh
19、ips makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If th
20、e competitor can prove injury from the importsand that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroadthe United States companys products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most brazen ease oc
21、curred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to de-ice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate with“ United States operations was crying for help against a United State
22、s company with foreign operations. The “United States“ company claiming injury was a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian“ companies included a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.31 The passage is chiefly concerned with _.（A）arg
23、uing against the increased internationalization of United States corporations（B） warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences（C） demonstrating that foreign-based firms receive more subsidies from their governments than United States firms receive from t
24、he United States government（D）advocating the use of trade restrictions for “dumped“ products but not for other imports32 It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the international Trade Commission is which of the following?（A）A foreign competitor has received a s
25、ubsidy from a foreign government.（B） A foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United States.（C） A foreign competitor selling products in the United States at less than fair market value.（D）The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale
26、 of imports in the United States.33 The last paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?（A）It summarizes the discussion thus far and suggests additional areas of research.（B） It presents a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.（C） It cites a specific case tha
27、t illustrates a problem presented more generally in the previous paragraph.（D）It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.34 The passage warns of which of the following dangers?（A）Companies in the United States may receive no protection from imports unless they actively seek pr
28、otection from import competition.（B） Companies that seek legal protection from import competition may incur legal costs that far exceed any possible gain.（C） Companies that are United States owned but operate internationally may not be eligible for protection from import competition under the laws o
29、f the countries in which their plants operate.（D）Companies that are not United States owned may seek legal protection from import competition under United States import relief laws.35 According to the passage, the International Trade Commission is involved in which of the following?（A）Investigating
30、allegations of unfair import competition（B） Granting subsidies to companies in the United States that have been injured by import competition（C） Recommending legislation to ensure fair trade（D）Identifying international corporations that wish to build plants in the United States35 Since the late 1970
31、s in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivityand therefore enhance their international competitivenessthrough cost-cutting programs. (Cost-cutting here is defined as raising labor output while holdi
32、ng the amount of labor constant.) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivitythe value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor inputdid not improve; and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity impro
33、vements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the same time, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement cost-cutting, the more they lost their competitive edge.With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies; it became clear to me that the cost-cutting approach to in
34、creasing productivity is fundamentally flawed. Manufacturing regularly observes a “40, 40, 20“ rule. Roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the number, size, location, and capacity of facilities)
35、and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional cost-cutting. This rule does not imply that cost-cutting should not be tried. The well-known tools of this approachincluding simpli
36、fying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harderdo produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute.Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathys study of automobile manufacturers
37、has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investments in cost-cutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will
38、wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured. Production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output. This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny-pinching, mechanistic culture in mo
39、st factories that has kept away creative managers.Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology. In one company
40、a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach; within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are also encouraging manager
41、s to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs. There is hope for manufacturing, but it dearly rests oil a different way of managing.36 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with _.（A）summarizing a thesis（B） recommending a different approach（C） comparing points of view（D）ma
42、king a series of predictions37 It can be inferred from the passage that the manufacturers mentioned in paragraph 1 expected that the measures they implemented would _.（A）encourage innovation（B） keep labor output constant（C） increase their competitive advantage（D）permit business upturns to be more ea
43、sily predicted38 The primary function of the first paragraph of the passage is to _.（A）present a historical context for the authors observations（B） anticipate challenges to the prescriptions that follow（C） clarify some disputed definitions of economic terms（D）summarize a number of longaccepted expla
44、nations39 The author refers to Abernathys study most probably in order to _.（A）qualify an observation about one rule governing manufacturing（B） address possible objections to a recommendation about improving manufacturing competitiveness（C） support an earlier assertion about method of increasing pro
45、ductivity（D）suggest the centrality in the Unit States economy of a particular manufacturing industry40 The authors attitude toward the culture in most factories is best described as _.（A）cautious（B） critical（C） disinterested（D）respectful40 It can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with mar
46、keting strategies arises from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given product. There are three groups of consumers who are affected by the marketing process. First, there is the market segmentpeople who need the commodity in question. Second, there is the program targetp
47、eople in the market segment with the “best fit“ characteristics for a specific product. Lots of people may need trousers, but only a few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers. Finally, there is the program audience-all people who are actually exposed to the marketing program w
48、ithout regard to whether they need or want the product.These three groups are rarely identical. An exception occurs in cases where customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable. Such customers, all sharing a particular need, are likely to form a meaningful target,
49、for example, all companies with a particular application of the product in question, such as high-speed fillers of bottles at breweries. In such circumstances, direct selling (marketing that reaches only the program target) is likely to be economically justified, and highly specialized trade media exist to expose members of the program targetand only members of the program targetto the marketing program.Most consumer-good
