1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 107 及答案解析(总分：32.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：32.00)Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that busine
2、ssmen assume they are presiding over is for real. The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 199
3、1, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. The
4、re is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction“ between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace all that reengineering and downsiz
5、ing are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them pr
6、ofitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much. Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done,
7、 it may have spread much less widely than people suppose. Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “reengineering“ has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than
8、the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDOs Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of reengineering
9、consultants as mere rubbish “the worst sort of ambulance cashing“.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the author, the American economic situation is_.（分数：2.00）A.not as good as it seemsB.at its turning pointC.much better than it seemsD.near to complete recovery(2).The official statistics on productivity growth
10、_.（分数：2.00）A.exclude the usual rebound in a business cycleB.fall short of businessmens anticipationC.meet the expectation of business peopleD.fail to reflect the true state of economy(3).The author raises the question “what about pain without gain?“ because_.（分数：2.00）A.he questions the truth of “no
11、gain without pain“B.he does not think the productivity revolution worksC.he wonders if the official statistics are misleadingD.he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses(4).Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Radical reforms are essential for th
12、e increase of productivity.B.New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.C.The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long term profitability.D.The consultants are a bunch of good for nothings.Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Th
13、ink of Gallileos 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blakes harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century. Until recently, the scientific com
14、munity was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its criticsbut no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience“ in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R.Gross, a biologist at the University of Verginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at
15、 Rutgers University; and The Demon Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,“ held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of(Mis)information,“ which assembled last June
16、near Buffalo. Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned sciences objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena
17、that contradict the scientific worldview. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for
18、 basic research. Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unbomber, those manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay
19、in U.S. News on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates
20、. That the plates are moving is not beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from eath other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the
21、two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earths interior. It is not possible to determine whether both
22、continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot spot population it appears
23、that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years. The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across t
24、he globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures(cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the
25、 formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability(inconstant).（分数：8.00）(1).The author believes that_.（分数：2.00）A.the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earths interiorB.the geological theory a
26、bout drifting plates has been proved to be trueC.the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directionsD.the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart(2).That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that_.（分数：2.00）A.the two continents are st
27、ill moving in opposite directionsB.they have been found to share certain geological featuresC.the African plates has been stable for 30 million yearsD.over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe(3).The hot spot theory may prove useful in explaining_.（分数：2.00）A.the structure of the African
28、platesB.the revival of dead volcanoesC.the mobility of the continentsD.the formation of new oceans(4).The passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.the features of volcanic activitiesB.the importance of the theory about drifting platesC.the significance of hot spots in geophysical studiesD.the process of
29、the formation of volcanoes考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 107 答案解析(总分：32.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：32.00)Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivi
30、ty revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previ
31、ous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in
32、the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction“ between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace all that
33、reengineering and downsizing are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are
34、 intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much. Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second,
35、even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose. Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “reengineering“ has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of reven
36、ue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDOs Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of t
37、he work of reengineering consultants as mere rubbish “the worst sort of ambulance cashing“.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the author, the American economic situation is_.（分数：2.00）A.not as good as it seems B.at its turning pointC.much better than it seemsD.near to complete recovery解析：解析：从文章第 1 段的内容可知，在美国，
38、无论你到什么地方，你都会听到有关公司复兴的故事；更难以证实的是企业家自以为是他们在引领的这场生产力革命是否名副其实；从文章第 2 段的内容可知，官方的统计数字多少有些令人失望；统计表明，生产力平均每年增长 12，但近期的增长一定程度上是由于商业周期运行至这个时段所出现的常见反弹引发的，因此，不能证实会出现经济复苏；正如财政部长 Robert Rubin 所说的那样，大量的商业神话似乎说明生产力剧增，这同官方的统计数字所反映出的情况“有分歧”；在随后的两段中，文章分析了造成这种现象的原因；从文章最后的内容可知，一些企业的重组没有达到预期目的。据此可知，美国目前的经济形势不如表现的那样好。A 项与
39、文章的意思相符，因此 A 项为正确答案。(2).The official statistics on productivity growth_.（分数：2.00）A.exclude the usual rebound in a business cycleB.fall short of businessmens anticipation C.meet the expectation of business peopleD.fail to reflect the true state of economy解析：解析：本题可参照文章的第 2 段。从中可知，官方的统计数字有些令人失望；数据显示，如果
40、把制造业和服务业合在一起计算的话，那么，从 1987 年以来，生产力平均每年增长 12；这比在上一个十年期内的平均增幅大；从 1991 年起，生产力每年约增长 2，这一比率是 19781987 年平均增长指数的两倍；问题是，近期的增长一定程度上是由于商业周期运行至这个时段所出现的常见反弹所引发的，因此，不能以此作为确凿的证据来证实在这一潜在的趋势中会出现经济复苏；正如财政部长所说的那样，大量的商业奇闻显示生产力剧增，这同官方的统计数字所反映出的情况“有分歧”。据此可知，有关生产力增长的官方统计数据与商业界人士的传说不符，说明生产力并没有如官方人士所说的那样增长了。B 项与文章的意思相符，因此
41、B 项为正确答案。(3).The author raises the question “what about pain without gain?“ because_.（分数：2.00）A.he questions the truth of “no gain without pain“B.he does not think the productivity revolution works C.he wonders if the official statistics are misleadingD.he has conclusive evidence for the revival of
42、businesses解析：解析：从文章第 1 段的内容可知，有人说，不劳无获；但若是劳而无获又会怎样呢?在美国，无论你到什么地方，你都会听到公司复兴的故事；更难以证实的是企业家自以为是他们在引领的这场生产力革命是否名副其实；从第 4 段的内容可知，有人认为，近几年，一些企业的改组可能并未奏效；另一些人认为，即使改组奏效了，也不如人们所想象的那样大量推广；作者最后引用专家的话进一步说明目前采取的措施没有成效。据此可知，作者认为当前的生产力革命没有什么成效。B 项与文章的意思相符，因此 B 项为正确答案。(4).Which of the following statements is NOT me
43、ntioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity. B.New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.C.The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long term profitability.D.The consultants are a bunch of good for nothings.解析：解析：
44、从文章第 3 段第 2 句话的内容可知，组织工作场所的新方法包括机构重组和缩减规模的所有方法仅仅是促进某一经济实体综合生产力提高的一个因素，还有许多其他因素推动生产力的提高；这说明文中提到了 B 项；文章最后一段第 2、3 句话证实了文中提到了 C 项；从文章最后一段最后一句话的内容可知，Al Rosenshine 对重组顾问的许多工作不屑一顾，认为那只不过是荒唐的事情典型的“劳而无获”；这证明了文中提到了 D 项；只有 A 项文中没有提到，因此 A 项为正确答案。Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of
45、 culture. Think of Gallileos 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blakes harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century. Until recently, the sc
46、ientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its criticsbut no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience“ in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R.Gross, a biologist at the University of Verginia, and Norman Levitt, a math
47、ematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason,“ held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of(Mis)information,“ which assemble
48、d last June near Buffalo. Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned sciences objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and othe
49、r phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research. Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unbomber, those manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia. But surely that does not
