1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 106 及答案解析(总分：32.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：32.00)In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to gre
2、ater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers life more enjoyable, it does not actually make them work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the workers freedom
3、to do their jobs in their own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usua
4、lly very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories bosses are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to th
5、e production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this important. But perhaps they w
6、ant more only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more, nor will shorter working hours be so impo
7、rtant to them.（分数：8.00）(1).Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.To make jobs more varied.B.To give the workers freedom to do their jobs in their own way.C.Degree of worker contribution.D.Demands of longer working hours.(2).Why do workers want more mo
8、ney?（分数：2.00）A.Because their jobs are too boring.B.In order to enjoy more spare time.C.To make their jobs more interesting.D.To demand shorter working hours.(3).The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers jobs more interesting_.（分数：2.00）A.they will want more moneyB.t
9、hey will demand shorter working hours are important factorsC.more money and shorter working hours are important factorsD.more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them(4).In this passage, the author tells us_.（分数：2.00）A.how to make the workers more productiveB.impossible facto
10、rs leading to greater efficiencyC.to what extent more money leads to greater productivityD.how to make workers jobs more interestingWhen a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opp
11、osed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experimentalthough no one had proposed to do soand asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90
12、days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group the National Bioethics Advisory Commission(NBAC) has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations. NBAC will ask that Clintons
13、 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells-routine in molecular biology. The panel h
14、as not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad co
15、nsensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning.“ Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions , a
16、lthough some details have not been settled. NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos(the earliest stage of human offspring be
17、fore birth)for research or to knowingly endanger an embryos life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research. NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go
18、 further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation , but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still “up in the air“.（分数：8.00）(1).We can learn from the first paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.federa
19、l funds have been used in a project to clone humansB.the White House responded strongly to the news of cloningC.NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning techniqueD.the White House has got the panels recommendations on cloning(2).The panel agreed on all of the following except that_.（分数：2
20、.00）A.the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a lawB.the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more controlC.it is criminal to use private funding for human cloningD.it would be against ethical values to clone a human being(3).NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undi
21、scussed because_.（分数：2.00）A.embryo research is just a current development of cloningB.the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo researchC.an embryos life will not be endangered in embryo researchD.the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law(4).It can be inferred from the la
22、st paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completelyB.a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no timeC.privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBACs appealD.the issue of human cloning will soon be settledScience, in practice, depends far les
23、s on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for ye
24、ars had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didnt they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of t
25、he heavens, the moon and the planets. How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature o
26、f research. If you dont have unpredictable things, you dont have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it. In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the imp
27、ression that they find the “scientific method“ a substitute for imaginative thought. Ive attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment. The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said “the data are st
28、ill inconclusive.“ “We know that,“ the men from the budget office have said, “but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?“ The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate. What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become
29、 the victim of his own writings. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the sc
30、ience journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by
31、the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “o
32、dd balls“ among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team“.（分数：8.00）(1).The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that_.（分数：2.00）A.inquiring minds are more important than scientific experimentsB.science advances when fruitful researches are cond
33、uctedC.scientists seldom forget the essential nature of researchD.unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research(2).The author asserts that scientists_.（分数：2.00）A.shouldnt replace “scientific method“ with imaginative thoughtB.shouldnt neglect to speculate on unpredictable things
34、C.should write more concise reports for technical journalsD.should be confident about their research findings(3).It seems that some young scientists_.（分数：2.00）A.have a keen interest in predictionB.often speculate on the futureC.think highly of creative thinkingD.stick to “scientific method“(4).The a
35、uthor implies that the results of scientific research_.（分数：2.00）A.may not be as profitable as they are expectedB.can be measured in dollars and centsC.rely on conformity to a standard patternD.are mostly underestimated by managementFew creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant d
36、ams. Perhaps it is humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascination. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good. The lesson from dams is that
37、 big is not always beautiful. It doesnt help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypts leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkeys bid for First World status includes the giant Atatur
38、k Dam. But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods leftall in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity. And yet, the myth of control
39、ling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence fro
40、m the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself. Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go ahead to the even more wrong headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits a
41、re for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed. Proper scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you a
42、re dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You dont need a dam to be saved.（分数：8.00）(1).The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.people would be happy if they shut their eyes to realityB.the blind co
43、uld be happier than the sightedC.over-excited people tend to neglect vital thingsD.fascination makes people lose their eyesight(2).In Paragraph 5, “the powerless“ probably refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.areas short of electricityB.dams without power stationsC.poor countries around IndiaD.common people in the
44、 Narmada Dam area(3).What is the myth concerning giant dams?（分数：2.00）A.They bring in more fertile soil.B.They help defend the country.C.They strengthen international ties.D.They have universal control of the waters.(4).What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as “_“.（分数：2.00）A.Its no
45、 use crying over spilt milkB.More haste, less speedC.Look before you leapD.He who laughs last laughs best考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 106 答案解析(总分：32.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：32.00)In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more pr
46、oductive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers life more enjoyable, it does not actually make them work harder. As far as increasing productivity is
47、 concerned, then variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the workers freedom to do their jobs in their own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated m
48、achinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories bosses are now experimenting with
49、having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this important. But perhaps they want more only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more.
