1、考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷 80 及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers w
2、est of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points highe
3、r than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didnt influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. “It
4、s very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship,“ says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. “We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. “ Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine
5、, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high
6、fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating con
7、stricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00）(1).The Japanese study was carried out on_.（分数：2.00）A.the development of IQB.the secret of longevityC.the brain food in a glassD.the amount of healthy drinking(2).
8、The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in_.（分数：2.00）A.female teetotalers than in male onesB.female drinkers than in male onesC.moderate drinkersD.teetotalers(3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that_.（分数：2.00）A.the study failed to involve
9、such variables as income and educationB.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigationC.there are some other contributing factorsD.the results were just misleading(4).From Shimokatas mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence_.（分数：2.00）A.sake or wine is a perfect mat
10、ch for fish and cheeseB.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wineC.they are not as effective as sake and wineD.sake or wine is not alone(5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that_.（分数：2.00）A.intelligence improves with ageB.IQ can be enhanced in one way or anotherC.polyphenols in alcohol
11、 may boost the brainD.Alcoholic drinks will make you more intelligentThere is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol(赞扬)the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialize
12、d jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare time to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study in our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplin
13、es. Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields. Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject. Both are wonderful experiences that are com
14、plementary practical and aesthetic(美学的)ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint y
15、ou see its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure. So it is with science. Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by c
16、omputer sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse
17、. It is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed. Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialis
18、ts are sometimes ridiculed with names such as “nerd“ or “technocrats“ , generalists are often criticized for being too “soft“ or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous(可笑的)accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion f
19、or depth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering(争吵).（分数：10.00）(1).From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see_.（分数：2.00）A.the integration of theory with practiceB.the enthusiasm for breadth of knowledg
20、eC.the rapid division of traditional disciplinesD.the confrontation between specialists and generalists(2).The commentator would say that the totality of the sculpture of knowledge_.（分数：2.00）A.is mainly composed of two elementsB.presents two different points of viewC.cannot be perceived from one per
21、spectiveD.is a whole made up of complementary elements(3).Just because we become engrossed in the detail of a subject, according to the comment, does not mean that we_.（分数：2.00）A.can have an understanding of itB.will develop into an expertC.will perceive its entiretyD.are interested in it(4).It is c
22、ommentators contention that neither specialists nor generalists_.（分数：2.00）A.have zeal for the totality of the knowledge sculptureB.represent the depth and breadth of knowledgeC.are necessarily supposed to belittle the otherD.can be qualified as environmental scientists(5).Which of the following can
23、be the best title for the comment?（分数：2.00）A.Interdisciplinary Study as Our Occupation.B.Breath and Depth of Knowledge.C.The Ways of Doing Science.D.The Beauty of Science.An abandoned airfield near a former Nazi concentration tramp may soon feature pagodas and Tai Chi parks. A $ 700 million project
24、aims to give Germany its own Chinatown 22 miles north of Berlin in the town of Oranienburg, housing 2, 000 residents by 2010. The investor group behind the scheme hopes the new Chinatown will attract tourists and business to rival the famed Chinatowns of San Francisco and New York by delivering an “
25、authentic Chinese experience. “ “Youll be able to experience China, go out for a Chinese meal, and buy Chinese goods,“ says Stefan Kunigam, managing director of Bandenburg-China-Project-Management GmbH. The project has attracted investors in both Germany and China, reports Christoph Lang of Berlins
26、Trade and Industry promotion Office. “Chinese investors have already asked if we have a Chinatown here. “ He says. “ The cultural environment is very important for them. You cannot build a synthetic Chinatown. “ Germany is home to about 72,000 Chinese migrants(2002 Federal Statistical Office figures
27、), but the country has not had a Chinatown since the early 1930s in Hamburg, when most of the citys 2,000 Chinese residents fled or were arrested by the Nazis. Germans more-recent history with anti-foreigner extremism remains a problem even within the government, reports Deutsche Welle(DW), Germanys
28、 international broadcaster. DW notes that National Democratic Party lawmaker Holger Apfels xenophobic(恐外的)comments about “state-subsidized Oriental mega-families“ at first went largely uncriticized. “Every fourth German harbors anti-foreigner sentiments,“ DW quotes Miriam Gruss, a Free Democratic Pa
29、rty parliamentarian. “Right-wing extremism is clearly rooted in the middle of society. Its not a minor phenomenon. “ The German government initiated a special youth for Democracy and Tolerance program in January 2007 as part of its tolerance-building efforts. While it is not clear how many Chinese m
30、igrants will ultimately settle in the new German Chinatown, developers hope the project will increase Germans understanding for China and Chinese culture.（分数：10.00）(1).If set up, according to the passage, the new German Chinatown will probably be_.（分数：2.00）A.a rival to the Chinatowns of San Francisc
31、o and New YorkB.mainly made of pagodas and Tai Chi parksC.located in the north suburbs of BerlinD.the biggest one in Germany(2).When he says that you cannot build a synthetic Chinatown, Lang means_.（分数：2.00）A.the real imported goods made in ChinaB.the authoritative permission for the projectC.the im
32、portance of the location for a ChinatownD.the authentic environment to experience Chinese culture(3).By mentioning the population of Chinese migrants in Germany, the author most probably means that_.（分数：2.00）A.it is too late to build a ChinatownB.it is their desire to save a ChinatownC.it is importa
33、nt to create jobs for themD.it is necessary to have a Chinatown there(4).According to the passage, German anti-foreigner extremism_.（分数：2.00）A.can seed the new community with hatredB.could be an obstacle to the projectC.will absolutely kill the planD.is growing for the scheme(5).The message from the
34、 plan is clear: _.（分数：2.00）A.to build a new communityB.to fight against right-wing extremismC.to promote more cultural understandingD.to increase Chineses understanding of GermanyWhatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the adver
35、tising and readers that had not already fled to the Internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. Americas Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize
36、them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only surv
37、ived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same. It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13, 500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007
38、. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthie
39、r mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development(OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisin
40、gly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable. The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus h
41、ave been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “Newspapers like . their own doom“(Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper_.（分数：2.00）A.neglected the sign of crisisB.failed to get state
42、 subsidiesC.were not charitable corporationsD.were in a desperate situation(2).Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because_.（分数：2.00）A.readers threatened to pay lessB.newspapers wanted to reduce costsC.journalists reported little about these areasD.subscribers complained abo
43、ut slimmer products(3).Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they_.（分数：2.00）A.have more sources of revenueB.have more balanced newsroomsC.are less dependent on advertisingD.Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews(4).What can be i
44、nferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?（分数：2.00）A.Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.B.Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.C.Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.D.Readers have lost their interest in car and
45、film reviews.(5).The most appropriate title for this text would be_.（分数：2.00）A.American Newspapers: Struggling for SurvivalB.American Newspapers: Gone with the WindC.American Newspapers: A Thriving BusinessD.American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷 80 答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Com
46、prehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the
47、ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didnt inf
48、luence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. “Its very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship,“ s
49、ays senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. “We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. “ Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people
