1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 112 及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hopin
2、g to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life e
3、specially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programme
4、d to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts
5、suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understa
6、nd simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the ca
7、pacity to speak. What special about mans, brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language fr
8、om the mixture of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, and resp
9、onds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.（分数：10.00）(1).The purpose of Frederick IIs e
10、xperiment was_.（分数：2.00）A.to prove that children are born with the ability to speakB.to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speechC.to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speakD.to prove that a child could be damaged without learning
11、a language(2).The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that_.（分数：2.00）A.they are incapable of learning language rapidlyB.they are exposed to too much language at onceC.their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speakD.their mothers are not intelligent enough to
12、 help them(3).What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that_.（分数：2.00）A.he is born with the capacity to speakB.he has a brain more complex than an animalsC.he can produce his own sentencesD.he owes his speech ability to good nursing(4).Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the pas
13、sage?（分数：2.00）A.The faculty of speech is inborn in man.B.Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.C.The childs brain is highly selective.D.Most children learn their language in definite stages.(5).If a child starts to speak later than others, he will_.（分数：2.00）A.have a
14、 high IQB.be less intelligentC.be insensitive to verbal signalsD.not necessarily be backwardIn general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ven
15、tilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations“ experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have
16、become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They liv
17、e and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even mor
18、e insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independ
19、ence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along , etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor cre
20、ates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise“ capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already ou
21、tgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities those of love and of reason are the aims of all soci
22、al arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.（分数：10.00）(1).By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery“ the author intends to render the idea that man is_.（分数：2.00）A.a necessary part of the society though each individuals funct
23、ion is negligibleB.working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly(2).The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees
24、is that_.（分数：2.00）A.they are likely to lose their jobsB.they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC.they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD.they are deprived of their individuality and independence(3).From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belo
25、ngs to those_.（分数：2.00）A.who are at the bottom of the societyB.who are higher up in their social statusC.who prove better than their fellow-competitorsD.who could keep far away from this competitive world(4).To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should_.（分数：2.00）A.resort t
26、o the production mode of our ancestorsB.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realities for granted(5).The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of_.（分数：2.00）A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.
27、suspicionD.toleranceWhen an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it. A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which th
28、e inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates. Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events. The longest extension ever granted was to Georg
29、es Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patents normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention. Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the libr
30、ary attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the
31、 one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventors right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technologica
32、l advance is based on these presumptions of legal security. Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new“ ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new
33、technology, that makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the
34、horse at the rear.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.an approach to patentsB.the application for patentsC.the use of patentsD.the access to patents(2).Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.When a patent becomes out of effect, it can be re-patented or e
35、xtended if necessary.B.It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his invention public.C.A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over.D.One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patent of
36、fice .(3).George Valensis patent lasted until 1971 because_.（分数：2.00）A.nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that timeB.his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long timeC.there were not enough TV stations to provide colour programmesD.the colour TV receiver was not availa
37、ble until that time(4).The word “plagiarize“(Line 5 , Para.5)most probably means “_“.（分数：2.00）A.steal and useB.give reward toC.make publicD.take and change(5).From the passage we learn that_.（分数：2.00）A.an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practiceB.products a
38、re actually inventions which were made a long time agoC.it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new oneD.patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through dead patentsA recent study examined mens attitudes to women, life goals and gender roles and the findings in
39、dicate that the popular image of men as insensitive, macho slobs has almost disappeared. The report found that modern British men have accepted the feminist revolution and have become more feminine in the process. “Men have turned into metrosexuals.“ Paradoxically, the term “metrosexual“, which is n
40、ow being embraced by marketers, was coined in the mid-90s to mock everything marketers stand for. Mark Simpson used the word to satirize what he saw as consumerisms toll on traditional masculinity. Men didnt go to shopping malls, buy glossy magazines or load up on grooming products, Mr. Simpson argu
41、ed, so consumer culture promoted the idea of a sensitive guy who went to malls, bought magazines and spent freely to improve his personal appearance. Within a few years, British advertisers and newspapers picked up the term. In 2001, Britains Channel Four brought out a show about sensitive guys call
42、ed “metrosexuality“. And in recent years the European media found a metrosexual icon in David Beckham, the English soccer star, who paints his fingernails, braids his hair and poses for gay magazines, all while maintaining a manly profile on the pitch. The challenge of the marketers is still to conv
43、ince men that it is perfectly normal to groom. What separates the modern-day metrosexual is a care-free attitude toward the inevitable suspicion that a man who dresses well, has good manners, or has opinions on womens fashion is gay. Some metrosexuals may simply be indulging in pursuits they had avo
44、ided for fear of being suspected as gay.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, men_.（分数：2.00）A.have rejected the feminist view of themselvesB.accept the need to groomC.now have new attitudes of themselves and womenD.have adopted many characteristics formerly thought of as womens(2).The best definition
45、 of the term “metrosexual“ would be_.（分数：2.00）A.a consumer who shops for feminine productsB.a man who grooms himself the same way as a womanC.a man who is halfway between a heterosexual and a homosexualD.a heterosexual who has feminine sensitivities and habits(3).From the second paragraph we can con
46、clude that the term “metrosexual“_.（分数：2.00）A.was not originally a marketing termB.only became popular in the mid-ninetiesC.was invented by marketersD.was actually meant to describe gay men(4).According to the text, the metrosexuals attitude towards fashion_.（分数：2.00）A.is only a way of distinguishin
47、g themselvesB.is a consequence of a new tolerance for pursuits that were though of as gayC.is a carefree attitude that seems unconcerned about societys reactionD.is connected to hip-hop culture(5).What is the text mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.A new emerging type of fashion trend.B.A new way of classifyin
48、g the modern man.C.How a metrosexual differs form a heterosexual.D.The background and description of the “metrosexual“.考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 112 答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can b
49、e starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no su
