1、考研英语-65 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What impact can mobile phones have on their users health? Many people worry about the supposed ill effects caused by radiation from handsets and base stations, U(1) /U the lack of credible evidence of any harm. But evidence for the b
2、eneficial effects of mobile phones on health is rather more U(2) /U Indeed, a systematic review U(3) /U out by Rifat Atun and his colleagues at Imperial College, rounds up 150 U(4) /U of the use of text-messaging in the U(5) /U of health care. These uses U(6) /U three categories: efficiency gains; p
3、ublic-health gains; and direct benefits to patients by U(7) /U text-messaging into treatment regimes.Using texting to U(8) /U efficiency is not profound science, but big savings can be achieved. Several U(9) /U carried out in England have found that the use of text-messaging reminders U(10) /U the n
4、umber of missed appointments with family doctors by 26-39%, and the number of missed hospital appointments by 33-50%. If such schemes were U(11) /U nationally, this would translate U(12) /U annual savings of 256-364 million.Text messages can also be a good way to deliver public-health information, p
5、articularly to groups U(13) /U are hard to reach by other means. Text messages have been used in India to U(14) /U people about the World Health Organizations strategy to control lung disease. In Iraq, text messages were used to support a U(15) /U to immunize nearly 5 million children U(16) /U paral
6、ysis.U (17) /U, there are the uses of text-messaging as part of a treatment regime. These involve sending reminders to patients to U(18) /U their medicine, or to encourage accordance with exercise regimes. However, Dr. Rifat notes that the evidence for the effectiveness of such schemes is generally
7、U(19) /U, and more quantitative research is U(20) /U （分数：10.00）A.soB.evenC.despiteD.andA.interestingB.abundantC.clearD.reasonableA.wentB.cameC.carriedD.turnedA.approachesB.situationsC.problemsD.examplesA.realityB.reorganizationC.deliveryD.discoveryA.fall intoB.sum upC.associate withD.subject toA.inc
8、orporatedB.incorporatingC.incorporateD.incorporationA.riseB.boostC.produceD.encourageA.questionsB.incidentsC.casesD.trialsA.reducesB.degradesC.deservesD.dropsA.called uponB.switched toC.rolled outD.went throughA.intoB.forC.onD.fromA.whatB.whoseC.whichD.whoA.askB.informC.adoptD.contactA.campaignB.eve
9、ntC.decisionD.communicationA.offB.withC.againstD.inA.FinallyB.HoweverC.UsuallyD.ObviouslyA.buyB.receiveC.getD.takeA.unscientificB.realC.anecdotalD.legalA.gainedB.acquiredC.neededD.given二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BText 1/BInternet advertising is booming. The industry has gone from $ 9.6 billion
10、in revenue in 2001 to $ 27 billion this year, according to Piper Jaffray, an investment bank. And it is still early days. The internet accounts for only 5% of total spending on advertising, but that figure is expected to reach at least 20% in the next few years. The single largest category within th
11、is flourishing industry, accounting for nearly half of all spending, is “pay-per-click“ advertising, which is used by firms both large and small to promote their wares.The benefits of the pay-per-click approach over traditional advertising (television, radio, print and billboards are obvious. Since
12、advertisers pay only to reach the small subset who actually respond to an advertisement, the quality of the leads generated is very high, and advertisers are prepared to pay accordingly. The price: per click varies from $ 0.10 to as much as $ 30, depending on the keyword, though the average is aroun
13、d $ 0.50. Google made most of its $ 6.1 billion in revenue last year from pay-per-click advertising.But as pay-per-click advertising has grown into a huge industry, concern has mounted over so-called “click fraud“-bogus clicks that do not come from genuinely interested customers. It takes two main f
14、orms. If you click repeatedly on the advertisements on your own website, or get other people or machines to do so on your behalf, you can generate a stream of bogus commissions. Click fraud can also be used by one company against another: clicking on a rival firms advertisements can saddle it with a
15、 huge bill. Bogus clicks are thought to account for around 10% of all click traffic, though nobody knows for sure.A few months ago Mr. Gross pioneered an alternative to the pay-per-click model. In February, Snap, a search engine backed by Mr. Gross, launched “pay-per-action“ (PPA), a new model in wh
16、ich advertisers pay only if a click on an ad is followed by an action such as a purchase or a download.Might this put an end to click fraud? Dont bet on it, says Mike Zeman at Starcom, an advertising agency. Payper-action will be a niche, he predicts, since converting a click into an action depends
17、on a variety of factors such as the ease of use of the advertisers website. Google and its peers will be reluctant to be so dependent on factors outside their control. But Mr. Tobaccowala thinks pay-per-action could become a real alternative to pay-per-click. As bigger companies spend more on intern
18、et advertising; they will demand more accountability and a wider range of options, he says. At the very least, that means clamping down on click fraud; but it also presents an opportunity for entrepreneurs to invent new models that are less vulnerable to abuse.（分数：10.00）(1).The situation of “pay-per
19、-click“ advertising can be described as _.（分数：2.00）A.a fresh industry.B.an efficient tool to attract the consumers.C.the trend of internet advertising.D.the good choice for both large and small companies.(2).The price per click depends on the keyword, because _.（分数：2.00）A.the keyword will attract co
20、nsumers to visit the advertisers website.B.the keyword relates to the commission.C.the keyword will reflect the consumers hobbies.D.the keyword is the main part of the product.(3).The advertisers and the website operators have the conflict caused by _.（分数：2.00）A.the fraud click.B.the ignoring of fra
21、ud-detection from website operators.C.losing money in “pay-per-click“ advertising.D.whether the PPA model should be used.(4).The PPA will become more popular due to _.（分数：2.00）A.the shortcoming of pay-per-click.B.the fraud click.C.the punishment for click fraud.D.the adoption of leading operators.(5
22、).Which of the following is true of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Although the risk exists, the internet advertising still can earn a lot of profit,B.The PPA will substitute the original click advertising model.C.All operators start to satisfy the advertisers by using PPA.D.The entrepreneurs are pleasantly su
23、rprised by the temporary solution.BText 2/BKevin Hines, a manic-depressive, was 19 and in one of his weekly downswings on an overcast Monday morning in 2000. He went to the nearby Golden Gate Bridge to kill himself mostly because, with only a four-foot (1.2-metre) railing to leap, “I figured it was
24、the easiest way.“ He dived over, but flipped and hit the water at 75mph with his feet first. His legs were crushed, but he somehow stayed conscious and started paddling with his upper body until the Coast Guard fished him out.Mr. Hines is one of 26 people who have survived suicide attempts at the br
25、idge, but 1 223 are known to have succeeded (i. e., were seen jumping or found floating). People are throwing themselves off the bridge at the rate of two a month, which makes it the most popular place in the world for suicides. One book on the subject says that the Golden Gate is “to suicide what N
26、iagara Falls is to honeymooners“.Many San Franciscans think that the solution is to emulate the Empire State Building, the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the Eiffel Tower, St. Peters basilica and other such places and put up a simple barrier. This, however, is a decision for the 19 board members of the Gold
27、en Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District, an entity that oversees the bridge itself and the buses and ferries that operate in the area. Most of its revenues come from tolls and fares, and the district loses money. A barrier would cost between $15 million and $ 25 million.So the Psychiatri
28、c Foundation of Northern California, which has adopted the barrier as its cause, considers it a success that the board has merely allowed a feasibility study, for which various private and public donors have raised$ 2 million. Mel Blaustein, a director at the foundation, has heard several arguments
29、against a barrier over the years-too ugly, too expensive, and so forth-but the most persistent has been that people would simply kill themselves somewhere else, so why bother.? This is nonsense, he says, “Most suicides are impulsive and preventable.“ A bridge without a barrier, adds Pat Hines, Kevin
30、s father, is “like leaving a loaded gun in the psychiatric ward.“（分数：10.00）(1).Kevin Hines choose to commit suicide at such an early age in that _.（分数：2.00）A.he suffered a disease which caused him gloomy and crazy.B.he found an easiest way to end up his life.C.he was in his periodical decline and ou
31、t of his senses.D.he found the Golden Gate Bridge a suitable place to do so.(2).Why does the author mention Niagara Falls and honeymooners?（分数：2.00）A.Because Niagara Falls and honeymooners are as well-known as the Golden Gate Bridge.B.Because Niagara Falls is the resort for couples who spend their h
32、olidays.C.Because Niagara Falls attracts honeymooners the same way the Bridge does to suicides.D.Because Niagara Falls is a magnificent place for honeymooners to gather around there.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the board of the Golden Gate Bridge will _.（分数：2.00）A.raise enough money
33、to start the project which can prevent suicides.B.not raise the money because they cannot make both ends meet.C.raise money for the prevention project reluctantly from society.D.abandon the plan to add equipment to prevent sad people from death.(4).What will the author mention after Paragraph 4?（分数：
34、2.00）A.Some examples that bridges with barriers saved many peoples lives.B.Some suicides were successfully prevented.C.Some barriers over bridges are accepted both ornamentally and financially.D.Some barriers over bridges are in progress.(5).What is the authors attitude towards the foundation of bar
35、riers over the bridge?（分数：2.00）A.Optimistic.B.Critical.C.Biased.D.Objective.BText 3/B“Whats the difference between God and Larry Ellison?“ asks an old software industry joke. Answer: God doesnt think hes Larry Ellison. The boss of Oracle is hardly alone among corporate chiefs in having a reputation
36、for being rather keen on himself. Indeed, until the bubble burst and the public turned nasty at the start of the decade, the cult of the celebrity chief executive seemed to demand bossly narcissism, as evidence that a firm was being led by an all-conquering hero.Narcissus in Greek myth met a nasty e
37、nd, of course. And in recent years, boss-worship has come to be seen as bad for business. In his management besteller, Good to Great, Jim Collins argued that the truly successful bosses were not the self-proclaimed stars who adorn the covers of Forbes and Fortune, but instead self-effacing, thoughtf
38、ul, monkish sorts who lead by inspiring example.A statistical answer may be at hand. For the first time, a new study, “Its All About Me“, to be presented next week at the annual gathering of the American Academy of Management, offers a systematic, empirical analysis of what effect narcissistic bosse
39、s have on the firms they run. The authors, Arijit Chatterjee and Donald Hambriek, of Pennsylvania State University, examined narcissism in the upper echelons of 105 firms in the computer, and software industries.To do this, they had to solve a practical problem: studies of narcissism have hitherto r
40、elied on surveying individuals personally, something for which few chief executives are likely to have time or inclination. So the authors devised an index of narcissism using six publicly available indicators obtainable without the co-operation of the boss. These are: the prominence of the bosss ph
41、oto in the annual report; his prominence in company press releases; the length of his “Whos Who“ entry; the frequency of his use of the first person singular in interviews; and the ratios of his cash and non-cash compensation to those of the firms second-highest paid executive.Narcissism naturally d
42、rives people to seek positions of power and influence, and because great self-esteem helps your professional advance, say the authors, chief executives will tend on average to be more narcissistic than the general population. How does that affect a firm? Messrs Chatterjee and Hambrick found that hig
43、hly narcissistic bosses tended to make bigger changes in the use of important resources, such as research and development, or in spending and leverage; they carried out more and bigger mergers and acquisitions; and their results were both more extreme (more big wins or big losses) and more volatile
44、than those of firms run by their humbler peers. For shareholders, that could be good or bad.（分数：10.00）(1).The author uses the example of Larry Ellison to show that _.（分数：2.00）A.people conceive of the boss as an all-conquering hero.B.the chief executive is an essential person in corporation.C.lots of
45、 bosses always show their narcissistic trait.D.the truly successful bosses are those who love themselves.(2).The word “self-effacing“ in the last sentence of Paragraph 2 most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.decent.B.optimistic.C.intelligent.D.modest.(3).Which of the following is NOT the feature of the b
46、osss narcissism?（分数：2.00）A.The ratios of his cash and non-cash compensation to those of the firms second-highest paid executive.B.The kind of people in his “Whos Who“ entry.C.The rate of occurrence of his use of the first person singular in interviews.D.The conspicuousness of the bosss photo in the
47、annual report.(4).It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that _.（分数：2.00）A.the narcissistic boss like to do a lot of research in spending and leverage.B.the boss is rather keen on himself than his subordinate.C.the narcissistic bosss always got the outstanding achievement.D.the person who seeks positio
48、ns of power and influence will become narcissistic.(5).The best title for the text may be _.（分数：2.00）A.Its All About Me: Is the Boss an All-conquering Hero.B.The Brand of Me: Does the Boss in Your Corporation Have Narcissism.C.Narcissistic Boss: To Be Or Not To Be.D.The Studies of Narcissism.BText 4
49、/BTo Journalists, three of anything makes a trend. So after three school shootings in six days, speculation about an epidemic of violence in American classrooms was inevitable, and wrong. Violence in schools has fallen by half since the mid-1990s; children are more than 100 times more likely to be murdered outside t
