1、考研英语-试卷 65 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Lots of creatures already reproduce without sex. Since the birth of Louise Brown, the
2、first test-tube baby, in 1978, (1)_ of human beings (2)_ in laboratory glassware rather than in bed. If human cloning becomes possibleand since the birth of a sheep called Dolly, (3)_ doubt that it will be feasible to clone a person by 2025even the link between sex organs and reproduction (4)_. You
3、will then be able to take a cutting from your body and grow a new person, (5)_ you were a willow tree. (6)_, we have already divorced sex from reproduction. In the 1960s, the contraceptive pill freed women to enjoy sex for its own sake. (7)_, greater tolerance of homosexuality signaled society“s acc
4、eptance of non-reproductive sex of another sort. These changes are only continuations of a (8)_ that started perhaps a million years ago. Human beings (9)_ the interest in infertile, social sex with a few other species: dolphins, apes and some birds. But (10)_ sex is too good for human beings to (11
5、)_, more and more people will abandon it as a (12)_ of reproduction. In the modern world, you can (13)_ have sex and parenthood without suffering the bit (14)_. Some Hollywood actresses (15)_ the urge for mothering by electing to adopt children (16)_ spoil their figures (as they see it) by childbear
6、ing. For people as beautiful as this, the temptation to (17)_ a clone (reared in a surrogate womb) could one day be (18)_. However, human cloning and designer babies are probably not (19)_. Even assuming that the procedures are judged safe and efficient in farm animals, still a long way off, they wi
7、ll be heavily (20)_, if not banned, by many governments for human beings.（分数：40.00）A.hundreds of thousandsB.hundred of thousandsC.hundreds of thousandD.hundred of thousandA.has been conceivedB.had been conceivedC.have been conceivedD.were conceivedA.fewB.a fewC.quite fewD.quite a fewA.is brokenB.wil
8、l breakC.will be brokenD.will have brokenA.asB.ifC.as ifD.as yetA.In caseB.In no caseC.In a senseD.In no senseA.ButB.HoweverC.WhereasD.At the same timeA.trendB.tendC.programD.procedureA.haveB.possessC.shareD.oweA.asB.ifC.evenD.even ifA.give outB.give upC.give awayD.give inA.meanB.meansC.meaningD.mea
9、ntA.evenB.stillC.yetD.thusA.inB.betweenC.amongD.in betweenA.be satisfiedB.have been satisfiedC.may satisfyD.may have satisfiedA.rather thanB.other thanC.insteadD.despiteA.adaptB.have adaptedC.adoptD.have adoptedA.resistibleB.irresistibleC.resistlessD.resistantA.comingB.nearbyC.realisticD.imminentA.e
10、ncouragingB.discouragingC.encouragedD.discouraged二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The Amazon River basin boasts the largest river system on Earth
11、 and harbors an ecosystem that is tremendously complex. Early travelers from renaissance Europe were overwhelmed by their first encounters. In 1531, Francisco Pizarro overthrew the Incan empire, removing the emperor from his throne and taking for Spain the Incan imperial treasures. A decade later hi
12、s younger brother ventured east from the high plateau of the Andes Mountains in pursuit of the famous cities of gold and spices thought to be hidden in the jungle forest. Going down the river the expedition soon exhausted its supplies and a small group was sent ahead to search for food. Eight months
13、 later, this group emerged at the mouth of the Amazon, having made what would prove to be the first descent of the length of the river. A missionary who accompanied the group sent a remarkable account of their adventures to the Pope, including mention of the great signal drums that sounded from vill
14、age to village far in advance of their arrival, warning of the coming of the European strangers. His manuscript records seeing innumerable settlements along the riveron one day they passed more than twenty villages in succession, and some of these are said to have stretched for six miles or more. Su
15、ch reports have intrigued scientists ever since, for they describe dense populations and large federations of tribes which, if verified, would be entirely at odds with modern stereotypes of hidden, thinly scattered tribes scratching out an uncertain existence. Beginning in the late seventeenth-centu
16、ry, the successors to the first explorers recorded and collected many of the everyday objects fashioned from wood and other organic materials that usually rot in a tropical climate. Such collections housed in European museums preserve a “window“ into cultures that were soon to experience huge change
17、s brought about by foreign diseases and cruel abuse at the hands of Europeans. Population collapse and movement along the principal rivers of the Amazon system have contributed to a veil of misunderstanding that has long covered the cultural achievements of tropical forest societies. Diffuse bands h
18、unting deep in the forest interior eventually came to be seen as the typical tropical forest adaptation. So much so that when archaeological studies began in earnest at the mouth of the Amazon in the 1950“s, scientists argued that the sophisticated culture they were discovering could not have origin
19、ated in the Amazon Basin itself, but must have been derived from more advanced cultures elsewhere. They imagined the tropical forest to be an “imitation paradise“ unable to support much beyond a simple hunting-and-gathering way of life. This mistaken idea has exerted a persistent influence ever sinc
20、e.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, a small group succeeded _.（分数：2.00）A.in searching for foodB.going down the riverC.proving the length of the riverD.covering the length of the Amazon River(2).From the missionary“s manuscript we may infer that _.（分数：2.00）A.the great signal drums were
21、very popular thereB.people there were hostile to the European strangersC.the Amazon River area was densely populated thenD.the tribes along the river were always at odds(3).The everyday objects recorded and collected by the successors to the first explorers may reveal _.（分数：2.00）A.where these object
22、s came fromB.how they rotted in a tropical climateC.a glimpse of the Incan civilizationD.the vicissitude of Amazon cultures(4).This mistaken idea(Para. 4) refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.the sophisticated culture in the Amazon BasinB.the view that Amazon culture derived from other cultures elsewhereC.an “imi
23、tation paradise“D.a simple hunting-and-gathering way of life(5).The purpose of the author in writing the text is to _.（分数：2.00）A.introduce the Amazon RiverB.illustrate some facts about Amazon River culturesC.show the present situation of Amazon RiverD.compare the differences between world culturesIt
24、 is widely believed that our never-ending quest for material goods is part of the basic character of human beings. According to the popular belief, we may not like it, but there“s little we can do about it. Despite its popularity, this view of human nature is wrong. While human beings may have a bas
25、ic desire to strive towards something, there is nothing inevitable about material goods. There are numerous examples of societies in which things have played a highly restricted rule. In medieval Europe, the acquisition of goods was relatively unimportant. The common people, whose lives were surely
26、poor by modern standards, showed strong preferences for leisure rather than money. In the nineteenth-and early twentieth-century United States, there is also considerable evidence that many working people also exhibited a restricted appetite for material goods. Materialism is not a basic trait of hu
27、man nature, but a specific product of capitalism. With the development of the market system, materialism “spilled over“, for the first time, beyond the circles of the rich. The growth of the middle class created a large group of potential buyers and the possibility that mass culture could be oriente
28、d around material goods. This process can be seen not only in historical experiences but is now going on in some parts of the developing world, where the growth of a large middle class has contributed to extensive materialism and the breakdown of traditional values. In the United States, the turning
29、 point was the 1920sthe point at which the “psychology of shortage“ gave way to the “psychology of abundance“. This was a crucial period for the development of modern materialism. Economy and discipline were out; waste and excess were in. Materialism flourishedboth as a social ideology and in terms
30、of high rates of real spending. In the midst of all this buying, we can detect the origins of modern consumer discontent. This was the decade during which the American dream, or what was then called “the American standard of living“, captured the nation“s imagination. But it was always something of
31、an illusion. Americans complained about items they could not afforddespite the fact that in the 1920s most families had telephones, virtually all had purchased life insurance, two-thirds owned their own homes and took vacations, and over half had motor cars. The discontent expressed by many American
32、s was promotedand to a certain extent even createdby manufacturers. The explosion of consumer credit made the task easier, as automobiles, radios, electric refrigerators, washing machineseven jewelry and foreign travelcould be paid for in installments. By the end of the 1920s, 60 percent of cars, ra
33、dios, and furniture were being purchased this way. The ability to buy without actually having money helped encourage a climate of instant satisfaction, expanding expectations, and ultimately, materialism.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the first 2 paragraphs that _.（分数：2.00）A.the quest for material
34、goods is the basic character of human beingsB.there“s little we can do about the quest for material goodsC.in many cases, the function of material goods is very limited in the societyD.the common people tend to prefer leisure to money(2).According to the passage, materialism _.（分数：2.00）A.is a by-pro
35、duct of capitalismB.originated from the circles of the richC.was first created among the middle classD.is not popular in the developing world(3).The development of modern materialism was promoted by _.（分数：2.00）A.the United States in the 1920sB.the “psychology of abundance“C.a social ideologyD.modern
36、 consumer discontent(4).In the author“s view the American dream was _.（分数：2.00）A.the American standard of livingB.a sheer imaginationC.something unrealisticD.an illusion people could never attain(5).According to the passage, the practice of installment _.（分数：2.00）A.was adopted by manufacturersB.made
37、 consumer credit easierC.promoted consumers“ expectationsD.ultimately led to materialismAlthough many factors affect human health during periods in space, weightlessness is the dominant and single most important one. The direct and indirect effects of weightlessness lead to a series of related respo
38、nses. Ultimately, the whole body, from bones to brain, kidneys to bowels, reacts. When space travelers grasp the wall of their spacecraft and jerk their bodies back and forth, they say it feels as though they are stationary and the spacecraft is moving. The reason is based in our reliance on gravity
39、 to perceive our surroundings. The continuous and universal nature of gravity removes it from our daily notice, but our bodies never forget. Whether we realize it or not, we have evolved a large number of silent, automatic reactions to cope with the constant stress of living in a downward-pulling wo
40、rld. Only when we decrease or increase the effective force of gravity on our bodies do our minds perceive it. Our senses provide accurate information about the location of our center of mass and the relative positions of our body parts. Our brains integrate signals from our eyes and ears with other
41、information from the organs in our inner ear, from our muscles and joints, and from our senses of touch and pressure. The apparatus of the inner ear is partitioned into two distinct components: circular, fluid-filled tubes that sense the angle of the head, and two bags filled with calcium crystals e
42、mbedded in a thick fluid, which respond to linear movement. The movement of the calcium crystals sends a signal to the brain to tell us the direction of gravity. This is not the only cue the brain receives. Nerves in the muscles, joints, and skinparticularly the slain on the bottom of the feetrespon
43、d to the weight of limb segments and other body parts. Removing gravity transforms these signals. The inner ear no longer perceives a downward tendency when the head moves. The limbs no longer have weight, so muscles are no longer required to contract and relax in the usual way to maintain posture a
44、nd bring about movement. Nerves that respond to touch and pressure in the feet and ankles no longer signal the direction of down. These and other changes contribute to orientation illusions, such as a feeling that the body or the spacecraft spontaneously changes direction. In 1961 a Russian astronau
45、t reported vivid sensations of being upside down; one space shuttle specialist in astronomy said, “When the main engines cut off, I immediately felt as though we had inverted 180 degrees.“ Such illusions can recur even after some time in space.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first two paragraphs we learn tha
46、t weightlessness is caused by _.（分数：2.00）A.many factorsB.the dominant and single movementC.jerking the bodies back and forthD.losing the dependence of gravity(2).Whether we realize it or not(Para. 3), “it“ refers _.（分数：2.00）A.weightlessnessB.the continuous and universal nature of gravityC.the fact t
47、hat our bodies never forgetD.the previous statements(3).According to the passage we do not perceive gravity because _.（分数：2.00）A.we live in a downward-pulling worldB.there is no decrease or increase force of gravity on our bodiesC.our senses provide accurate information about the locationD.our brain
48、s integrate signals from all apparatus of the body(4).The function of apparatus of the inner ear is _.（分数：2.00）A.to partition into two distinct componentsB.to respond to linear movementC.to send a signal to the brain to tell us the direction of gravityD.to respond to the weight of limb segments and other body parts(5).Which of the following apparatus of the body may be less affected by removing gravity?（分数：2.00）A.The inner ear.B.The limbs.C.The nerves.D.The brain.For
