1、Designation: D7707 11Standard Specification forWipe Sampling Materials for Beryllium in Surface Dust1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7707; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for premoistenedwipe materials that are used to collect settled dusts on surfacesfor the s
3、ubsequent determination of beryllium.1.2 For wipe materials used for the determination of lead insurface dust, refer to Specification E1792. This is mentioned toinsure that users of wipes recognize that there is somerelationship between wipes and the analyte of interest.1.3 The values stated in SI u
4、nits are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This specification contains notes that are explanatoryand are not part of the mandatory requirements of the specifi-cation.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of t
5、he user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD6966 Practice for Collection of Settled
6、Dust SamplesUsing Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Determi-nation of MetalsD7035 Test Method for Determination of Metals and Met-alloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D7202 Test Method for Determination of Beryllium in theWorkpl
7、ace Using Field-Based Extraction and Fluores-cence DetectionD7439 Test Method for Determination of Elements inAirborne Particulate Matter by Inductively CoupledPlasmaMass SpectrometryE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine
8、the Precision of a Test MethodE1613 Test Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec-trometry (GFAAS) TechniquesE1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Mate
9、rials for Leadin Surface Dust3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of pertinent terms not listed here, seeTerminology D1356.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3 lot, na finite quantity of a given product manufacturedunder production conditions that are considered uniform.3.4 standard b
10、eryllium test method, nas used in thisspecification, any of the following test methods: D7035,D7202, D7439, the graphite furnace atomic absorption tech-nique in Test Method E1613, or a equivalent test method issuedby a national or international consensus standard organization.3.5 wipe, na disposable
11、 towellette that is premoistenedwith an acceptable agent.3.5.1 DiscussionThe towellette is used to collect a sampleof settled dust on a surface for subsequent beryllium analysis.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification is intended for use by manufacturersand suppliers to evaluate the performanc
12、e of wipe samplingmaterials for beryllium in surface dust.4.2 This specification may also be employed by users ofwipes to compare the performance of candidate wipes for thesampling of beryllium in surface dust.5. Manufacture5.1 The wipes shall be made from materials using methodsthat ensure complian
13、ce with the requirements of Sections 6 and8, and shall be clean and free of imperfections that would affecttheir performance.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace AirQuality.Current editi
14、on approved March 1, 2011. Published March 2011.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright AS
15、TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 An expiration date shall be established based on date ofmanufacture, and shall be marked on each package (see 10.2).The expiration date should not be less than one year from dateof manufacture.6
16、. General Requirements6.1 Wipes shall conform to the requirements in 6.1.1 to6.1.8. Test procedures for each requirement are found inSection 8.6.1.1 Background BerylliumThe mean background beryl-lium content per wipe shall be less than 0.0005 g.6.1.2 RuggednessWipes shall be sufficiently rugged so a
17、sto be capable to be used to wipe a 2000 cm2area (large wipes;see 6.1.4.1(1) or 500 cm2area (small wipes; see 6.1.4.1(2) ofa vinyl or urethane-coated vinyl tile surface without tearing.6.1.3 Moisture ContentEach wipe, when examined, mustbe fully wetted upon removal from the package or container.Wipe
18、s shall have a moisture content such that the coefficient ofvariation for a random sampling of the lot of wipes be nogreater than 25 % across individually packaged wipes, and25 % within and between multi-packaged wipes.6.1.4 Dimensions:6.1.4.1 The mean area of the wipe shall be either:(1) no smaller
19、 than 200 cm2and no larger than 400 cm2with the mean dimension of a side or diameter no smaller than10 cm or larger than 20 cm (referred to as the “large wipe”); or,(2) no smaller than 16 cm2and no larger than 38 cm2withthe mean dimension of a side or diameter no smaller than 4.0cm or larger than 8.
20、0 cm (referred to as the “small wipe”).NOTE 1Large wipes are intended for use on larger areas (for example,1000 cm2). Small wipes are intended for use on smaller areas (forexample, 100 cm2).6.1.5 ThicknessDry wipes (wipes without the moisteningagent) shall have a mean thickness of at least 0.005 cm,
21、 but nogreater than 0.05 cm (see 8.6).6.1.6 MassThe coefficient of variation in mass of drywipes in a lot shall not exceed 10 %.6.1.7 Beryllium RecoveriesThe mean beryllium recover-ies from wipes spiked with Certified Reference Materials(CRMs) shall be 100 6 20 % at the 95 % confidence level inaccor
22、dance with 8.2.NOTE 2It is not imperative that the wipe be completely dissolvedwhen digested/extracted in accordance with a standard beryllium testmethod to meet the recovery criterion. However, the digestion/extractionsolution that is to be analyzed should be free of suspended particulates andgelat
23、inous material.6.1.8 Collection EffciencyCollection efficiency of an in-dividual wipe, using an initial wipe on a given vinyl orurethane-coated vinyl tile test surface, shall be determinedusing a solid beryllium-containing CRM in accordance with8.2. The mass of beryllium-containing material (particu
24、late ordust) loaded per surface area to be sampled shall be0.50 6 0.05 g for the large wipe and 0.050 6 0.005 g for thesmall wipe. The minimum collection efficiency of at least 95 %of the individual wipes shall be 75 %, as measured against theknown mass of beryllium loaded on the test surface prior
25、towiping (1000 cm2minimum surface area for the large wipe and100 cm2for the small wipe).7. Selection and Handling of Wipes for Testing7.1 Tests described in Section 8 shall be conducted on wipesselected in accordance with the random sampling proceduredescribed in Practice E105, using wipes selected
26、after packag-ing, and representative of each lot.7.2 Wipes shall not be removed from their packages untilimmediately prior to testing.8. Procedure8.1 Background and RecoveryRecoverability of beryl-lium from spiked wipes (see 6.1.7) shall be measured inaccordance with a standard beryllium test method
27、. Backgroundberyllium in unspiked wipes (see 6.1.1) shall be measured inaccordance with the same procedure. A minimum of sevensamples per each concentration level (unspiked, 0.020 6 0.002g, 0.10 6 0.02 g, 0.20 6 0.02 g, 1.5 6 0.2 g, 3.0 6 0.2g, and 6.0 6 0.2 g) shall be tested (see 6.1.1 and 6.1.7),
28、using wipes randomly selected from each lot in accordancewith Practice E105.8.1.1 Compute the mean and coefficient of variation foreach set of samples. See Practice E691 for details regardingstatistical computations. Compare with the requirements of6.1.1 and 6.1.7.8.2 Collection EffciencyCollection
29、efficiency of beryl-lium shall be measured in the following manner:8.2.1 A delineated area of the vinyl or urethane-coated tiletest surface (minimum area 1000 cm2for large wipes and 100cm2for small wipes as in 6.1.8) is loaded with a known mass(0.50 6 0.05 g for large wipes and 0.050 6 0.005 g for s
30、mallwipes) of CRM particulate or dust (see 6.1.7) and then wipedin accordance with Practice D6966.8.2.2 An equivalent alternative procedure consists of manu-ally distributing a known amount (mass) of beryllium-containing CRM uniformly onto the vinyl tile test surface of1000 cm2(large wipe) or 100 cm
31、2(small wipe) minimum area,and then wiping the applicable surface with the appropriatelysized wipe in accordance with Practice D6966.8.2.3 The collection efficiency is determined by comparingthe amount of beryllium collected in the wipe against the totalamount of beryllium loaded onto the area of in
32、terest on the testsurface (in accordance with 8.2.1 or 8.2.2). A minimum ofseven wipes, randomly selected from the lot in accordance withPractice E105, shall be tested for each beryllium level.8.2.4 For the measurement of beryllium content, the wipesshall be digested/extracted and the beryllium cont
33、ent deter-mined in accordance with a standard beryllium test method.Determine the collection efficiency for each wipe and comparewith the requirements of 6.1.8.8.3 RuggednessUsing the procedure described in PracticeD6966, wipe the vinyl or urethane-coated vinyl tile test surface(see 6.1.2). Examine
34、the wipe for the presence of tears. Followthis procedure for a minimum of seven wipes, randomlyselected from the lot of wipe material in accordance withPractice E105. If at least 95 % of the wipes tested reveal notears, then the ruggedness test is deemed successful.8.4 Moisture ContentMoisture conte
35、nt (see 6.1.3)ofwipes shall be determined by weighing the wipe before andafter quantitative drying (to the nearest 0.01 g), and calculatingD7707 112the difference. A minimum of seven wipes, randomly selectedfrom the lot in accordance with Practice E105, shall be tested.Calculate the coefficient of v
36、ariation about the mean value formoisture content and compare with requirements of 6.1.3.8.5 DimensionsDetermine the linear dimensions of aminimum of seven individual wipes to the nearest 1 mm andcalculate the means and coefficient of variations. Compare withrequirements of 6.1.4.8.6 ThicknessDeterm
37、ine the thickness of a minimum ofseven individual wipes using a micrometer or other appropriatedevice to the nearest 0.001 cm. Calculate the mean andcoefficient of variation. Compare with requirements of 6.1.5.8.7 MassUsing the data for dry wipes from 8.4, determinethe mass of a minimum of seven ind
38、ividual wipes to the nearest0.1 mg. Calculate the mean and coefficient of variation.Compare with requirement of 6.1.6.9. Retesting9.1 If any of the requirements (6.1.26.1.8) are not met, thenadditional full-sets of testing (6.1.26.1.8) is allowed. All dataobtained from testing conducted for conforma
39、nce to thisspecification shall be used in determining whether the require-ment has been met.10. Packaging and Package Marking10.1 Wipes shall be wrapped individually to dispense indi-vidual wipes one at a time. Wipes shall be wrapped andpackaged according to trade custom.10.2 Each package or contain
40、er shall be marked with thesuppliers name, date of manufacture, lot number, and expira-tion date.10.3 The statement “Meets ASTM D7707 for Large Wipes”or “Meets ASTM D7707 for Small Wipes”, as appropriate,shall be marked on individual packaging. Also, on generalpackaging, it shall be stated that the
41、material “Meets ASTMD7707 for Large Wipes” or “Meets ASTM D7707 for SmallWipes”, as appropriate, and that supporting performance dataare available upon request.11. Recordkeeping11.1 All supporting data from tests conducted for each lotshall be kept by the supplier for a minimum of five (5) years.All
42、 test information shall be available for release to users ofwipe materials upon request.12. Keywords12.1 beryllium; surface dust; wipeASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standa
43、rd are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif
44、 not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, whi
45、ch you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,U
46、nited States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D7707 113
