1、考研英语-试卷 149 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for th
2、ey are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. (1)_, the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others (2)_ to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, (3)_ the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed (4)_ being classifi
3、ed as “English“.Even in England there are many (5)_ in regional character and speech. The chief (6)_ is between southern England and northern England. South of a (7)_ going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, (8)_ there are local variations. F
4、urther north, regional speech is usually“ (9)_ “than that of southern Britain. Northerners are (10)_ to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more (11)_ They are openhearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them (12)_. Northerners generally have heart
5、y (13)_: the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous (14)_ at meal times. In accent and character the people of the Midlands (15)_ a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman. In Scotland the sound (16)_ by the letter “R“ is
6、generally a strong sound, and “R“ is often pronounced in words in which it would be (17)_ in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, (18)_ inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently (19)_
7、 as being more “fiery“ than the English. They are (20)_ a race that is quite distinct from the English.（分数：40.00）A.In consequenceB.In briefC.In generalD.In factA.confineB.attachC.referD.addA.asB.whichC.forD.soA.withB.byC.atD.forA.similaritiesB.differencesC.certaintiesD.featuresA.factorB.virtueC.priv
8、ilegeD.divisionA.lineB.rowC.borderD.scaleA.whoB.whenC.thoughD.forA.widerB.broaderC.rarerD.scarcerA.usedB.aptC.possibleD.probableA.perfectB.notoriousC.superiorD.thoroughA.swiftlyB.promptlyC.immediatelyD.quicklyA.appetitesB.tastesC.interestsD.sensesA.helpingsB.offeringsC.fillingsD.findingsA.representB
9、.designateC.demonstrateD.reckonA.deliveredB.denotedC.depictedD.definedA.quietB.obscureC.faintD.silentA.ratherB.stillC.somehowD.evenA.renderedB.thoughtC.impressedD.describedA.withB.ofC.amongD.against二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the
10、 following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._September 11th 2001 drew the transatlantic alliance together; but the mood did not last, and over the five years since it has pulled ever further apart. A recent poll for the German Marshall Fund shows that 57% of
11、Europeans regard American leadership in world affairs as “undesirable“. The Iraq war is mainly to blame. But there is another and more intractable reason for the growing division: God. Europeans worry that American foreign policy under George Bush is too influenced by religion. The “holy warriors“ w
12、ho hijacked the planes on September 11th reintroduced God into international affairs in the most dramatic of ways. It seems that George Bush is replying in kind, encouraging a clash of religions that could spell global catastrophe. Dominique Moisi, a special adviser at the French Institute for Inter
13、national Relations, argues that “the combination of religion and nationalism in America is frightening. We feel betrayed by God and by nationalism, which is why we are building the European Union as a barrier to religious warfare“. Josef Braml, of the German Institute for International and Security
14、Affairs, complains that in America “religious attitudes have more of an influence on political choices than in any other western democracy“. The notion that America is too influenced by religion is not confined to the elites. Three in five French people and nearly as many Dutch think that Americans
15、are too religiousand that religion skews what should be secular decisions. Europeans who think that America is “too religious“ are more inclined to anti-Americanism than their fellow countrymen. 38% of Britons have an unfavourable view of America, but that number rises to 50% among people who are wa
16、ry of American religiosity. Is America engaged in a faith-based foreign policy? Religion certainly exerts a growing influence on its actions in the world, but in ways more subtle and complicated than Europeans imagine. It is true that America is undergoing a religious revival “Hot“ religions such as
17、 evangelical Protestantism and hardline Catholicism are growing rapidly while “cool“ mainline versions of Christianity are declining. It is also true that the Republican Party is being reshaped by this revival. Self-identified evangelicals provided almost 40% of Mr. Bush“s vote in 2004; if you add i
18、n other theological conservatives, such as Mormons and traditional Catholics, that number rises closer to 60%. All six top Republican leaders in the Senate have earned 100% ratings from the Christian Coalition. It is also true that Mr. Bush frequently uses religious rhetoric when talking of foreign
19、affairs. On September 12th he was at it again, telling a group of conservative journalists that he sees the war on terror as “a confrontation between good and evil“, and remarking, “It seems to me that there“s a Third Awakening“ (in other words, an outbreak of Christian evangelical fervour, of the s
20、ort that has swept across America at least twice before). And Christian America overall is taking a bigger interest in foreign policy. New voices are being heard, Such as Sam Brownback, a conservative senator from Kansas who has led the fight against genocide in Darfur, and Rick Warren, the author o
21、f a bestseller called The Purpose-Driven Life, who is sending 2,000 missionaries to Rwanda. Finally, it is true that religious figures have done some pretty outrageous things. Pat Robertson called for the assassination of Hugo Chavez, the president of Venezuela. Lieutenant-General William “Jerry“ Bo
22、ykin, deputy under-secretary of defense for intelligence, toured the country telling Christian groups that radical Muslims hate America “because we“re a Christian nation and the enemy is a guy named Satan“. He often wore uniform.（分数：10.00）(1).The increasing transatlantic schism, according to the tex
23、t, results from _.（分数：2.00）A.terrorist attacksB.American reliance on deityC.intractable reasonD.multiple factors(2).The phrase “in kind“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes _.（分数：2.00）A.with something tenderB.with kindnessC.out of charity impulseD.with something simila
24、r(3).The view mentioned in the third paragraph at least prevail among _.（分数：2.00）A.the European UnionB.the religious establishmentC.the special adviserD.the elites(4).With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?（分数：2.00）A.America“s foreign policy seems strongly in
25、fluenced by religion. But that influence is much more complex than its critics suppose.B.In the world of good and evil American foreign policy is bound to be fruitless.C.The growing disparity which is created by God has been existing. But the gulf of the transatlantic alliance will be bridged.D.Reli
26、gious figures have made some pretty outrageous things that could be compromised by means non-violent means.(5).The author evidences his own notion by advancing _.（分数：2.00）A.four factsB.far-fetched pretextsC.random hypothesisD.powerful preachersIt is no longer just dirty blue-collar jobs in manufactu
27、ring that are being sucked offshore but also white-collar service jobs, which used to be considered safe from foreign competition. Telecoms charges have tumbled, allowing workers in far-flung locations to be connected cheaply to customers in the developed world. This has made it possible to offshore
28、 services that were once non-tradable. Morgan Stanley“s Mr. Roach has been drawing attention to the fact that the “global labour arbitrage“ is moving rapidly to the better kinds of jobs. It is no longer just basic data processing and call centres that are being outsourced to low-wage countries, but
29、also software programming, medical diagnostics, engineering design, law, accounting, finance and business consulting. These can now be delivered electronically from anywhere in the world, exposing skilled white-collar workers to greater competition. The standard retort to such arguments is that outs
30、ourcing abroad is too small to matter much. So far fewer than lm American service-sector jobs have been lost to off-shoring. Forrester Research forecasts that by 2015 a total of 3.4m jobs in services will have moved abroad, but that is tiny compared with the 30m jobs destroyed and created in America
31、 every year. The trouble is that such studies allow only for the sorts of jobs that are already being off-shored, when in reality the proportion of jobs that can be moved will rise as IT advances and education improves in emerging economies. Alan Blinder, an economist at Princeton University, believ
32、es that most economists are underestimating the disruptive effects of off-shoring, and that in future two to three times as many service jobs will be susceptible to off-shoring as in manufacturing. This would imply that at least 30% of all jobs might be at risk. In practice the number of jobs off-sh
33、ored to China or India is likely to remain fairly modest. Even so, the mere threat that they could be shifted will depress wages: Moreover, says Mr. Blinder, education offers no protection. Highly skilled accountants, radiologists or computer programmers now have to compete with electronically deliv
34、ered competition from abroad, whereas humble taxi drivers, janitors and crane operators remain safe from off-shoring. This may help to explain why the real median wage of American graduates hat fallen by 6% since 2000, a bigger decline than in average wages. In the 1980s and early 1990s, the pay gap
35、 between low-paid, low-skilled workers and high-paid, high-skilled workers widened significantly. But since then, according to a study by David Autor, Lawrence Katz and Melissa Kearney, in America, Britain and Germany workers at the bottom as well as at the top have done better than those in the mid
36、dle-income group. Office cleaning cannot be done by workers in India. It is the easily standardised skilled job? in the middle, such as accounting, that are now being squeezed hardest. A study by Bradford Jensen and Lori Kletzer, at the Institute for International Economics in Washington D.C., confi
37、rms that workers in tradable services that are exposed to foreign competition tend to be more skilled than workers in non-tradable services and tradable manufacturing industries.（分数：10.00）(1).To offshore services that were once non-tradable results from _.（分数：2.00）A.the blue-collar job marketB.the g
38、eographic location of the Underdeveloped worlc1C.the fierce competition among skilled workersD.the dive of telecoms fee(2).Which of the following statements is the typical reply concerning off-shoring?（分数：2.00）A.Service-sector has sustained a great loss.B.White-collar workers will not have a narrow
39、escape.C.Most economists underestimated the effects of off-shoring.D.Outsourcing abroad has no significant impact.(3).According to the text, Forrester Research Prediction might be different if _.（分数：2.00）A.outsourcing abroad is large enough to matter muchB.the proportion of jobs that can be moved wi
40、ll riseC.more comprehensive factors are taken into accountD.education improvement in emerging economies plays a role(4).The narrative of the text in the last three paragraphs concentrates on _.（分数：2.00）A.the standard retort to the argumentsB.off-shoring and the resulting incomeC.the future off-shori
41、ngD.the counter-measures at hand(5).Which of the following could be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Business consulting.B.Blue-collar jobs.C.Non-tradable services.D.White-collar blues.Few beyond California“s technology crowd recognise the name Larry Sonsini; none within its circle could fail
42、to. For four decades he has been lawyer, adviser and friend to many prominent companies and investors. Some consider him the most powerful person in Silicon Valley. Companies beg for his law firm to represent them. The 65-year-old chairman of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich and more recently, as outside cou
43、nsel to Hewlett-Packard (HP), for initially defending the board“s dubious investigative practices. WSG work by younger artists such as Surendran Naif and Shibu Natesan beat estimates by more than 70%. Sotheby“s and Christie“s have auctions in New York next week, each with a Tyeb Mehta that is expect
44、ed to fetch more than $1 million. The real question is the fate of other works, including some by Mr. Souza with estimates of up to $600,000. If they do well, it will demonstrate that there is strong demand and will pull up prices across the board. This looks like a market with a long way to run.（分数
45、：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the recent rapid development of Indian modern art is closely associated with _.（分数：2.00）A.economic boomB.real estateC.electronic elementD.international action(2).According to the third paragraph, the expensive art can be seen as an ideal m
46、eans of _.（分数：2.00）A.triumphB.appreciationC.assessmentD.investment(3).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.People attached importance to modern Indian art long before the end of 1980s.B.Rich Indians, particularly those living abroad, had a strong passion for modern Indian
47、art for ages.C.Prices at the “emerging market of modern art had been climbing and then declining.D.Rich Indians did not show interest in modern Indian art until the end of the 1990s.(4).According to the text, the fortune of such works as Mr. Souza“s can exert an influence on _.（分数：2.00）A.the creatio
48、n of modern artB.production of younger artistsC.the strong rejection of market policyD.the value of Indian modern art(5).The author“s narrative in the text centers on _.（分数：2.00）A.the profits brought about by a pretty pictureB.why Indian modern art is boomingC.the Success of Indian software and “business-process outsourcing“ firmsD.how wealthy Indians evaluate Indian modern art4.Part B_You are going to re
