1、考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 74 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_A simple idea supports science: “trust, but verify“. Results should always be【
2、C1】_to challenge from experiment. That simple but powerful idea has【C2】_a vast body of knowledge.【C3】_its birth in the 17th century, modern science has changed the world【C4】_recognition, and overwhelmingly for the better. But success can【C5】_self-contentment. Modern scientists are doing too much tru
3、sting and not enough verifying, which does harm to both the whole of science and humanity. Too many of the【C6】_that fill the academic field are the result of inferior experiments or poor analysis. A rule of thumb among biotechnology venture-capitalists is that half of【C7】_research cannot be reproduc
4、ed. Even that may be【C8】_. Last year researchers at one biotech firm, Amgen, found they could reproduce just six of 53 “landmark“ studies in cancer research. Earlier, a group at Bayer, a drug company,【C9】_to repeat just a quarter of 67 similarly important papers. A leading computer scientist complai
5、ns that three-quarters of papers in his subfield are nonsense. The reasons might lie in this: researchers are no longer willing to verify hypothesis investigated by other scholars since these papers have rare chance to be published. All this makes a poor foundation for an enterprise dedicated【C10】_d
6、iscovering the truth about the world What might be done to shore it up? One【C11】_should be for all disciplines to follow the example of those that have done most to tighten standards. 【C12】_research protocols should be registered in advance and monitored in virtual notebooks. This would【C13】_the tem
7、ptation to distort the experiment“s design so as to make the results look more【C14】_than they are.【C15】_possible, trial data also should be open for other researchers to【C16】_and test. Science still【C17】_enormous respect. But its privileged【C18】_is founded on the capacity to be right most of the tim
8、e and to correct its mistakes when it gets things wrong. And it is not as if the universe is short of【C19】_mysteries to keep generations of scientists hard【C20】_The false trails laid down by inferior research are an unforgivable barrier to understanding.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.subjectB.proneC.s
9、ensitiveD.immune(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.enhancedB.revealedC.generatedD.submitted(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.SinceB.WhereasC.WhileD.So(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.towardsB.byC.amongD.beyond(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.breedB.multiplyC.riseD.manufacture(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.documentsB.findingsC.contractsD.regulations(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.ci
10、rculatedB.discoveredC.exhibitedD.published(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.fantasticB.elasticC.optimisticD.dramatic(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.affordedB.succeededC.managedD.failed(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.toB.ofC.forD.by(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.priorityB.inclinationC.barrierD.challenge(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.ActuallyB.InevitablyC.Sur
11、elyD.Ideally(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.curbB.snapC.arouseD.discard(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.superficialB.artificialC.substantialD.beneficial(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.Where(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.calculateB.inspectC.induceD.scan(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.needsB.losesC.commandsD.feels(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.statu
12、sB.qualityC.circumstanceD.location(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.untoldB.genuineC.skepticalD.incredible(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.for workB.in workC.at workD.on workIf you have high blood pressure, you“re in good【C1】_. Hypertension affects 67 million Americans, including nearly two-thirds of people over age 60. But
13、 it isn“t an inevitable part of the aging【C2】_It“s better to think of it as【C3】_sodium poisoning. And, there“s a way to prevent the problemand to save many, many lives. A lifetime of【C4】_too much sodium (mostly in the form of table salt) raises blood pressure, and high blood pressure kills and disab
14、les people by【C5】_strokes and heart attacks. In the United States, according to best estimates,【C6】_sodium is killing between 40,000 and 90,000 people and running up to $20 billion in medical costs a year. Americans on average【C7】_about 3,300 milligrams of sodium per day, but experts recommend less
15、than 2,300 milligramsand less than 1,500 milligrams for people over age 50, black people, or those who already have hypertension, diabetes or kidney disease, which【C8】_a majority of American adults. Either【C9】_is far below where most Americans are now. The reason that nearly everyone eats【C10】_too m
16、uch sodium is that our food is loaded with it, and often where we don“t【C11】_or expect it. Of course ham and canned soup are full of salt, but so are many foods that are【C12】_: A blueberry cake can have more than double the salt of a serving of potato chips.【C13】_healthy-sounding food can pack【C14】_
17、sodium loads. Many restaurant main courses have far more sodium than is recommended for an【C15】_day. Doctors warn people with high blood pressure to go on a low-salt diet, but that“s virtually impossible in today“s world,【C16】_nearly 80 percent of the sodium that Americans eat comes in【C17】_and rest
18、aurant food. You can“t take it out. And【C18】_everyone, not just people with hypertension【C19】_over food labels, should be taking in less sodium. The only way to prevent millions of Americans from developing high blood pressure is for companies and restaurants to stop loading up their food with sodiu
19、m. It“s not easy,【C20】_it isn“t impossible either.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.shapeB.companyC.therapyD.trouble(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.sequenceB.pointC.conditionD.process(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.unexpectedB.chronicC.suddenD.slow(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.diningB.expendingC.consumingD.exhausting(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.trigg
20、eringB.summoningC.introducingD.creating(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.externalB.exceedingC.excessD.exceptional(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.take inB.take onC.take upD.take over(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.sums up withB.puts up withC.makes up forD.adds up to(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.fieldB.targetC.scopeD.aspect(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.outB.upC
21、.awayD.off(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.touchB.sightC.smellD.taste(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.frighteningB.surprisingC.disappointingD.encouraging(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.EvenB.HenceC.ButD.Only(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.seriousB.heavyC.fullD.vast(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.evenB.absoluteC.actualD.entire(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.howeverB.
22、soC.becauseD.if(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.packagedB.bakedC.weighedD.frozen(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.hardlyB.nearlyC.simplyD.approximately(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.depressingB.puzzlingC.worryingD.distracting(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.orB.unlessC.butD.since考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 74 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，
23、分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：A simple idea supports science: “trust, but verify“. Results should always be【C1】_to challenge from experiment. That simple but powerful idea h
24、as【C2】_a vast body of knowledge.【C3】_its birth in the 17th century, modern science has changed the world【C4】_recognition, and overwhelmingly for the better. But success can【C5】_self-contentment. Modern scientists are doing too much trusting and not enough verifying, which does harm to both the whole
25、 of science and humanity. Too many of the【C6】_that fill the academic field are the result of inferior experiments or poor analysis. A rule of thumb among biotechnology venture-capitalists is that half of【C7】_research cannot be reproduced. Even that may be【C8】_. Last year researchers at one biotech f
26、irm, Amgen, found they could reproduce just six of 53 “landmark“ studies in cancer research. Earlier, a group at Bayer, a drug company,【C9】_to repeat just a quarter of 67 similarly important papers. A leading computer scientist complains that three-quarters of papers in his subfield are nonsense. Th
27、e reasons might lie in this: researchers are no longer willing to verify hypothesis investigated by other scholars since these papers have rare chance to be published. All this makes a poor foundation for an enterprise dedicated【C10】_discovering the truth about the world What might be done to shore
28、it up? One【C11】_should be for all disciplines to follow the example of those that have done most to tighten standards. 【C12】_research protocols should be registered in advance and monitored in virtual notebooks. This would【C13】_the temptation to distort the experiment“s design so as to make the resu
29、lts look more【C14】_than they are.【C15】_possible, trial data also should be open for other researchers to【C16】_and test. Science still【C17】_enormous respect. But its privileged【C18】_is founded on the capacity to be right most of the time and to correct its mistakes when it gets things wrong. And it i
30、s not as if the universe is short of【C19】_mysteries to keep generations of scientists hard【C20】_The false trails laid down by inferior research are an unforgivable barrier to understanding.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.subject B.proneC.sensitiveD.immune解析：解析：主语 Results 指代第一句中 science 的结果，因此句中的表语所表达的意
31、思应与 verify 一致，即验证的结果可以被“验证”，能经受住实验的挑战。be subject to 意为“经受，经历”，与challenge 搭配表示“可经受挑战”，选 A 项。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.enhancedB.revealedC.generated D.submitted解析：解析：本句主语与第一句主语一致，第一句指出这个理念支撑着(supports)科学，即该理念是科学的根本。一切科学知识以此为出发点。故选 C 项 generated“产生”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.Since B.WhereasC.WhileD.So解析：解析：根据主句使用的现在
32、完成时时态(has changed)，选 A 项 Since 符合句意，其后接时间，表示自从其在 17 世纪诞生以来。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.towardsB.byC.amongD.beyond 解析：解析：从本句的后半部分的介词 overwhelmingly“势不可挡地”可以看出科学对世界的改变相当巨大，超出了人们的预想，变得“我们可能都不认识了”。故选 D 项 beyond“超出”beyondrecognition 表示超出了人们的认识。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.breed B.multiplyC.riseD.manufacture解析：解析：本句主语为 succ
33、ess，指上文提到的科学产生的巨大作用。宾语为 self-contentment“自满”，人们取得成功之后会产生自满情绪。选 A 项 breed“导致，产生”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.documentsB.findings C.contractsD.regulations解析：解析：本句为主系表结构，填入的名词应能体现其表语，也是一种 result，并且其后的 that 定语从句将这种结果限定于学术范围内，故选 B 项 findings“研究的结果”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.circulatedB.discoveredC.exhibitedD.published 解
34、析：解析：本句的主要意思为“一半的研究中，有半数是不可复制的”。若想要“复制”，那“研究”应当是“已知的”，学者们的研究结果通过“出版”才会为人们所知。因此 D 项 published“已出版，已发表的”为答案。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.fantasticB.elasticC.optimistic D.dramatic解析：解析：从副词 Even 可知，本句是前一句意义上的顺承加强。前一句主体意义为“有一半是不可复制的”，本句加强其意义，为“甚至可能都不到一半”，且从后一句中的 six of 53 studies 这个更为糟糕的结果，可知 C 项 optimistic“乐观的”为答
35、案。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.affordedB.succeededC.managed D.failed解析：解析：根据空格后的已知信息“仅仅能复制 67 篇重要论文其中的四分之一”及前一句“只能复制六篇里程碑式的论文”，可以确定要完成这些实验的复制非常困难。故应选 C 项 manage“(通过努力)勉强完成”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.to B.ofC.forD.by解析：解析：dedicated“献身”作 enterprise 的后置定语，空格后则意为“发现有关世界的真相”。dedicated to 表示“致力于”，是固定搭配，表明企业要全力去发现有关世界的真相
36、，故选 A。其他三个选项无此搭配。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.priority B.inclinationC.barrierD.challenge解析：解析：本句用于回答前一句所提出的问题，其中 shore sthup 意为“支撑”，问题问怎么做才能让这个根基变得牢固起来。空格后的 should be 表明建议和解决办法。A 项 priority“优先考虑的事”代入句中后，上下文逻辑通顺。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.ActuallyB.InevitablyC.SurelyD.Ideally 解析：解析：从前段解决办法的提出、此处实际的操作和空格后的 should b
37、e“应该”可知，这样的操作还不是现实，故选 D 项 Ideally“理论上，理想状态下”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.curb B.snapC.arouseD.discard解析：解析：从空格后的定语 to distort the experiment“s design(扭曲实验设计)可知，这是不好的方面。上文提到要 tighten standards(严格标准)，因此扭曲实验设计应该是不被允许的行为。故选 A 项curb“抑制”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.superficialB.artificialC.substantial D.beneficial解析：解析
38、：空格处所需词语为系动词 look 的表语，用于描述目的状语中 results 的性质。从前面所述，实际的实验结果不能让人满意以至于有人想要 distort the experiment“s design 来得到好的实验结果。故填入的形容词应具有积极的意义。C 项 substantial“很有分量的，有价值的”为正确答案。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.Where 解析：解析：由句中的 also should be 可知，此处继续讨论完善科学研究的方法，故 D 项 Where 为答案。where possible 意为“如果可能”，表假设语气，是固定搭
39、配。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.calculateB.inspect C.induceD.scan解析：解析：连词 and 提示空格处的动词与 test 并列，在意思上也应该与其在同一个语义范畴。在备选选项中，只有 B 项 inspect“检验”与 test“测试”意思相近。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.needsB.losesC.commands D.feels解析：解析：前面一直论述科学研究的消极一面。此处用 still 将话锋一转，提到“科学仍然尊重”。故选 C 项 commands“值得”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.status B.quali
40、tyC.circumstanceD.location解析：解析：本句需填入主语。代词 its 指代上一句的 science,其定语 privileged“享有特权的”，常用于描述权利、地位、优势等，上句还提到科学与尊重之间的逻辑关系。因此此处应该是描述科学的地位故选 A 项 status“地位”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.untoldB.genuine C.skepticalD.incredible解析：解析：空格所在句意为“宇宙中并不缺少让数代科学家为之努力(keephard)秘密”。从第三段论述的 papersare nonsense(科学研究都是空话)可以推断出，科学们要
41、为之努力的应该是名符其实的秘密，故选 B 项 genuine“真正的”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.for workB.in workC.at work D.on work解析：解析：所需词语为 mysteries 的后置定语中的一部分，并且与 hard 搭配。C 项 at work 意为“在工作”，此处指“科学家在工作中努力探索”。If you have high blood pressure, you“re in good【C1】_. Hypertension affects 67 million Americans, including nearly two-thirds
42、of people over age 60. But it isn“t an inevitable part of the aging【C2】_It“s better to think of it as【C3】_sodium poisoning. And, there“s a way to prevent the problemand to save many, many lives. A lifetime of【C4】_too much sodium (mostly in the form of table salt) raises blood pressure, and high bloo
43、d pressure kills and disables people by【C5】_strokes and heart attacks. In the United States, according to best estimates,【C6】_sodium is killing between 40,000 and 90,000 people and running up to $20 billion in medical costs a year. Americans on average【C7】_about 3,300 milligrams of sodium per day, b
44、ut experts recommend less than 2,300 milligramsand less than 1,500 milligrams for people over age 50, black people, or those who already have hypertension, diabetes or kidney disease, which【C8】_a majority of American adults. Either【C9】_is far below where most Americans are now. The reason that nearl
45、y everyone eats【C10】_too much sodium is that our food is loaded with it, and often where we don“t【C11】_or expect it. Of course ham and canned soup are full of salt, but so are many foods that are【C12】_: A blueberry cake can have more than double the salt of a serving of potato chips.【C13】_healthy-so
46、unding food can pack【C14】_sodium loads. Many restaurant main courses have far more sodium than is recommended for an【C15】_day. Doctors warn people with high blood pressure to go on a low-salt diet, but that“s virtually impossible in today“s world,【C16】_nearly 80 percent of the sodium that Americans
47、eat comes in【C17】_and restaurant food. You can“t take it out. And【C18】_everyone, not just people with hypertension【C19】_over food labels, should be taking in less sodium. The only way to prevent millions of Americans from developing high blood pressure is for companies and restaurants to stop loading up their food with sodium. It“s not easy,【C20】_it isn“t impossible either.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.shapeB.company C.therapyD.trouble解析：解析：下一句谈到了美国患有高血压的人数6,700 万，这是非常多的。因此，如果你患有高血压，那么你的病友应该不少。B 项 company 除了“公司”的意思外，还有“陪伴”的意思，符合句意。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.sequenceB.pointC.cond
