1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 74及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：7，分数：70.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_How stupid does one need to be to get a job reading t
2、he television news? Is it actually beneficial for TV newsreaders to have, instead of a brain, a plate of lemon jelly? Last week the debate was raging once again about the controversial and important point as to whether the newsreaders write their own copy, read someone else“s or simply make it up as
3、 they go along. Angela Rippon reckonedthat she had never heard of a newsreader writing stuff, but her modern counterpart, the beautiful Sophie Raworth, claims that they do the writing and adds that she has a postgraduate degree in journalism. This is the core of the issue: what on earth is there to
4、learn about journalism at postgraduate level? The point and purpose of our lowly, occasionally useful, trade could be scribbled on the back of a postage stamp and would easily be comprehended by a 14-year-old boy with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Who has decided that it must be d
5、ignified with a doctoral thesis? Nor is reading the news even what one might call “journalism“. It is an even simpler business called “reading“. All that the BBC demands of its female newsreaders is an ability to read in an impartial way words like “Israel has murdered more Lebanese children again t
6、oday“ from the teleprompter without belching or lisping. It helps if they have the eminently presentable manner of a girl guide leader from Esher. They are forbidden to express an opinion. They are not required to go undercover, analyze the news or add witty asides. They are required to be that whic
7、h they are known as in the trade“a gob on a stick“.A penetrating intelligence is not merely unnecessary, it is counterproductive. Newsreaders who are too intelligent soon stop being newsreaders, much as John Humphrys did, stifled by the commonplace of their duties. Or they give the game away by doin
8、g what that German newsreader did and end the programme, shaking their heads sadly, muttering, “it“s all lies, all lies“. Which is not to say BBC newsreaders are bad at their jobs: quite the reverse. But we should not confuse competence with intelligence. Newsreaders believe that because they are re
9、ading out serious stuff and everybody is listening to them, they must therefore be creatures possessed of a high IQ. They are confusing the message with the medium.（分数：10.00）(1).The author holds in the first two paragraphs that a postgraduate degree in journalism _.（分数：2.00）A.is quite unnecessary fo
10、r newsreadersB.is vital for a newsreader to write stuffC.matters quite a lot for a newsreaderD.involves no learning about journalism(2).The author cites the example of BBC in Paragraph 3 to show that _.（分数：2.00）A.it is concerned about international affairs and widely reports themB.reading the news m
11、ainly involves required reading capabilityC.it has laid down a lot of dos and don“ts for its newsreadersD.reading the news is an easy job that most people are qualified for(3).By saying “a gob on a stick“ (Para. 3), the author means _.（分数：2.00）A.a newsreader is like a magician with a magic stickB.a
12、newsreader only says what he/she is directed to sayC.a newsreader possesses penetrating intelligenceD.a newsreader does not usually express his/her opinion(4).If the newsreaders are too intelligent, they are likely to _.（分数：2.00）A.be fired by the TV stations and start all over againB.keep telling li
13、es until they shut the programsC.be cynical about life and discontent with workD.suffer from a sense of guilt and dissatisfaction(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.sometimes competence and intelligence are unrelatedB.some newsreaders are at a loss as to how they should p
14、erform betterC.newsreaders have to possess a high IQ to handle difficult stuffD.mass media have imposed great pressure on newsreadersParents of children who happily eat what“s put in front of them might assume their kids are well nourished. But two new studies drive home the importance of varying th
15、at diet. Deficiencies of vitamin D, omega-3 fats, and other healthful compounds are common; it turns outand consequential. Growing evidence links vitamin D deficiency not only to weak bones but al-so to impaired immunity, asthma, and diabetes among other problems. And some of the latest research fin
16、ds that rates of asthma and related respiratory problems climb in kids who are short on other commonly missing essentials, including vitamins C and E and omega-3 fatty acids. A team at the Harvard School of Public Health evaluated the diet and respiratory (relating to the process of breathing) healt
17、h of some 2,000 North American high school seniors and found that teens who lack of fruit, vegetables, and other healthful foods were most likely to have problems such as coughing, panting, episodes of bronchitis, and asthma. Vitamins C and E, which are abundant in fruit and dark-green vegetables, m
18、ay “protect the lung from stress,“ says Harvard research fellow and study leader Jane Burns. Omega-3 reduces inflammation, a key feature of asthma, in which airways swell and make breathing difficult. Oily fish like salmon, mackerel, and tunaas well as cod-liver oilare rich in both omega-3 and vitam
19、inD Vitamin D can also be obtained from multivitamin milk and sunshineand many kids should be getting more of both. In another new study, researchers found that 55 percent of outwardly healthy children and teenagers they tested didn“t have enough vitamin D to grow healthy bones. Dark-skinned childre
20、n were particularly likely to be short of the bone-building vitamin, according to Babette Zemel, an author of the study and director of the Nutrition and Growth Laboratory at Children“s Hospital of Philadelphia. The melanin (a natural dark brown colour in human skin, hair, and eyes) that makes their
21、 skin dark also blocks ultraviolet rays, which the body uses to make vitaminD In winter, when the sun was weakest, more than 90 percent of blacks in the study were vitamin D deficient. Researchers suggest pointing kids outside, and waiting a few minutes before putting on sun block; 10 minutes of mid
22、day summer sun provides 10,000 international units of the vitaminmore than enough for a day. Like melanin, sunblock prevents the skin from making vitamin D, so a bit of lotion-free exposure is necessary to grab the benefit.（分数：10.00）(1).What can we infer from the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Parents w
23、ill always feed their children well.B.Kids who eat more are less likely to suffer from malnutrition.C.Kids should have access to diets of healthful nutrients.D.Deficiencies of certain compounds are harmful or even deadly.(2).Vitamin D deficiency will probably result in _.（分数：2.00）A.less bone fractur
24、esB.dark-colored skinsC.suppressed immunityD.inability to breathe(3).The study on the relationship between diet and respiratory health is to verify that teens _.（分数：2.00）A.will fall ill for the lack of fruits or vegetables intakeB.will be guarded against lung stress and other similar problemsC.are m
25、ost likely to become the victims of respiratory illnessD.are not easily affected in terms of cough and asthma(4).According to the text, dark-skinned kids are particularly short of vitamin D in that the dark skin_.（分数：2.00）A.has more melanin that consumes more vitamin DB.absorbs more ultraviolet rays
26、, thus killing the melaninC.can only produce units of the vitamin when the sun was strongD.has more melanin that blocks ultraviolet rays, reducing vitamin D production(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Kids Lacking in NutrientsB.Malnourished FamiliesC.More Sun
27、block, Less Vitamin DD.Health and NatureThe clean-energy business is turning into the next big investment boom, in which risks are lightly ignored. Until recently, recalls Charlie Gay, a 30-year veteran of the solar-power business, venture capitalists were far too busy catering to captains of the in
28、formation-technology industry to waste time on “hippy-dippy tree-huggers“ like himself. But now the tree-huggers are in the ascendant and theIT barons are busy investing in clean-energy technology. Investors are falling over themselves to finance start-ups in clean technology, especially in energy.
29、Venture Business Research reckons that investment in the field by venture capitalists and private-equity firms has quadrupled in the past two years, from some $500m in 2004 to almost $2 billion so far this year. The share of venture capital going into clean energy is rising rapidly. Clean-energy fev
30、er is being fuelled by three things: high oil prices, fears over energy security and a growing concern about global warming. The provision of energy, the industry“s cheerleaders say, will change radically over the coming decades. Polluting coal- and gas-fired power stations will give way to cleaner
31、alternatives such as solar and wind; fuels derived from plants and waste will replace petrol and diesel; and small, local forms of electricity generation will replace big power stations feeding far-flung grids. Eventually, it is hoped, fuel cells running on hydrogen will take the place of the intern
32、al combustion engine which is available everywhere. It is a bold vision, but if it happens very slowly, or only to a limited extent, boosters argue that it will still prompt tremendous growth for firms in the business. Analysts confidently predict the clean-energy business will grow by 20-30% a year
33、 for a decade. Jef-feries, an investment bank that organized a recent conference on the industry in London, asked participants how soon solar power would become competitive with old-fashioned generation technologies: in 2010, 2015 or 2020. About three-quarters of those present, one visitor happily o
34、bserved, were “cheque-writers“. This “megatrend“, the keynote speaker advocated, “may be the biggest job- and wealth-creation opportunity of the 21st century.“ Such exaggeration might remind people of dotcom bubble. But clean-energy advocates insist growth is sustainable because of the likes of Mr.
35、Schwarzenegger. The Governor is a hero in green circles because of his enthusiasm for environmental regulation. He easily won re-election partly because he seized on global warming as a concern and signed into lawAmerica“s first wide-ranging scheme to cap greenhouse-gas emissions.（分数：10.00）(1).Accor
36、ding to the first two paragraphs, we can learn that _.（分数：2.00）A.clean energy business is booming while the risks are totally overlookedB.venture capitalists have wasted much money on “hippy-dippy tree hungers“C.clean energy business is surging and changes the venture capital marketD.the information
37、-technology industry is correspondingly shrinking fast(2).Which of the following is true of Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.Clean energy fever is fuelled mainly by human psychological weakness.B.The energy provision for the coming decades will undergo rapid changes.C.Hydrogen as a new energy will replace tra
38、ditional energy forms like coal, and gas.D.Supporters of clean energy business are pretty optimistic about its future.(3).The word “cheque-writers“ (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.tycoonsB.donatorsC.investorsD.celebrities(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A
39、.clean energy industry and the dotcom industry have the same business modelB.the dotcom industry might have undergone a rapid but unsustainable developmentC.Schwarzenegger has insisted that growth in clean energy business is sustainableD.global warming has become a popular and decisive issue in poli
40、tical elections(5).What is the author“s attitude towards clean energy business?（分数：2.00）A.Optimistic.B.Enthusiastic.C.Objective.D.Subjective.The Gowanus Canal in Brooklyn is notoriously toxic. Since 1869, the mile-long waterway has been a dumping ground for garbage, industrial waste, guns and body p
41、artsits waters once too dirty to search. Today you can still stand on a bridge over the canal and see underwear floating on the water. The odor, once almost unbearable, has softened into an occasional summerstink, thanks to a flushing tunnel installed 10 years ago.A growing number of artists and you
42、ng people have moved into the industrial lofts and row houses nearby. Some of the most oblivious have been spotted on the canal in canoes, their paddles stirring 140 years worth of detritus (small pieces of rubbish) from leather factories, chemical plants and more. Now, these Gowanus pioneers want s
43、omebody to finally detoxify their hazardous neighborhood. They imagine it as Brooklyn“s little Venice, although a bit cleaner. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is considering naming the Gowanus an official Superfund site. That would bring in a slow but steady federal cleanup with money and
44、the legal influence to force polluters to help pay. The present Mayor of the New York City also wants a cleaner Gowanus, but he wants to do it his way. At a community board meeting Tuesday night, about 200 people listened as the mayor“s experts argued against a Superfund listing. It was a hard crowd
45、 to move. Many wore a button that said it all: “Gowanus Canal: Superfund Me.“ The mayor and his team are particularly worried about how a Superfund site would affect the real estate market, especially a few possibilities for larger developments in the area. Instead of being “stigmatized“ by the Supe
46、rfund label, as they put it, they favor the “Superfund Alternative“ plan. Although there are few details at this point, that effort would be run by the city and overseen by the EPA Every year, the city would rush to collect funds from the Corps of Engineers and other agencies to help clean up the ar
47、ea to the EPA“s satisfaction. The city could only plead with polluters to help pay. With so many pollutants and so many polluters, this looks like a job for Superfund. Brooklyn can handle the label. Residents already enjoy boasting about their survival or joking about living near the canal“s dark hu
48、mors. Why else have a popular bar called the Gowanus Yacht Club? They just want the cleanup done and done right.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_.（分数：2.00）A.presenting an assumptionB.narrating a storyC.depicting a phenomenonD.making a comparison(2).The phras
49、e “Some of the most oblivious“ (Para. 2) here means _.（分数：2.00）A.people who randomly pollute the canalB.people who care little about the odorC.people who try to neglect the smellD.people who wish to clean the canal(3).The EPA“s proposal of listing the Gowanus an official Superfund site will _.（分数：2.00）A.bring in efficient and continuous cleanup on Gowanus
