1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 74 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Do you wake up every day feeling too tired, or even upset? If so, then a new alarm clock could be just for you.The clock, called Sl
2、eepSmart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits【C1】_you to be in your lightest phase of sleep【C2】_rousing you. Its makers say that should【C3 】 _you wake up feeling refreshed every morning.As you sleep you pass【 C4】_a sequence of sleep stateslight sleep, deep sleep and REM(rapid eye movement)sleepthat
3、【C5】_approximately every 90 minutes. The point in that cycle at which you wake can【C6】_how you feel later, and may【C7】_have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept. Being roused during a light phase【C8】_you are more likely to wake up energetic.SleepSmart【C9 】_the distinct pattern of
4、brain waves【C10】_during each phase of sleep, via a headband equipped【C11】 _electrodes(电极)and a microprocessor. This measures the electrical activity of the wearer s brain, in much the【C12】_way as some machines used for medical and research【C13】_, and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near th
5、e bed. You【C14】_the clock with the latest time at【C15】_you want to be wakened, and it【C16】_duly( 适时地)wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that.The【C17 】_was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode Island【C18】_a friend complained of waking up tired and performing po
6、orly on a test. “【C19】_sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of【C20】_to do about it, “ says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea.1 【C1 】（A）beside（B） near（C）
7、 for（D）around2 【C2 】（A）upon（B） before（C） towards（D）till3 【C3 】（A）ensure（B） assure（C） require（D）request4 【C4 】（A）through（B） into（C） about（D）on5 【C5 】（A）reveals（B） reverses（C） resumes（D）repeats6 【C6 】（A）effect（B） affect（C） reflect（D）perfect7 【C7 】（A）already（B） ever（C） never（D）even8 【C8 】（A）means（B） ma
8、rks（C） says（D）dictates9 【C9 】（A）removes（B） relieves（C） records（D）recalls10 【C10 】（A）proceeded（B） produced（C） pronounced（D）progressed11 【C11 】（A）by（B） of（C） with（D）over12 【C12 】（A）familiar（B） similar（C） identical（D）same13 【C13 】（A）findings（B） prospects（C） proposals（D）purposes14 【C14 】（A）prompt（B） pro
9、gram（C） plug（D）plan15 【C15 】（A）where（B） this（C） which（D）that16 【C16 】（A）then（B） also（C） almost（D）yet17 【C17 】（A）claim（B） conclusion（C） concept（D）explanation18 【C18 】（A）once（B） after（C） since（D）while19 【C19 】（A）Besides（B） Despite（C） To（D）As20 【C20 】（A）what（B） how（C） whether（D）whenPart ADirections: Re
10、ad the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isnt we wont do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a na
11、tion, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed. Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,“ as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real t
12、ruth is that we dont know enough to relieve global warming, and without major technological breakthroughs we cant do much about it. From 2003 to 2050, the worlds population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9. 1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same,
13、 total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions(mainly, CO2)will be 42% higher in 2050. But thats too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the worlds poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone elses living standards. With modest gro
14、wth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050. No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom(limits on electricity usage, driving and travel)that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show theyre “doing something. “ Consid
15、er the Kyoto Protoco(京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didnt. But it hasnt reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories(签字国)didnt adopt tough enough policies to hit their 20082012 targets. The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a pot
16、ential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when its really an engineering one
17、. The inconvenient truth is that if we dont solve the engineering problem, were helpless.21 What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?（A）It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.（B） It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.（C） Serious steps have been taken to avoid or sto
18、p it.（D）Very little will be done to bring it under control.22 According to the authors understanding, what is Al Gores view on global warming?（A）It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.（B） It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.（C） It is a problem that can be solved
19、 once it is recognized.（D）It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.23 Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _.（A）economic growth（B） wasteful use of energy（C） the widening gap between the rich and poor（D）the rapid advances of science and technology24 The author be
20、lieves that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, _.（A）politicians have started to do something to better the situation（B） few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use（C） reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming（D）international cooperation has con
21、tributed to solving environmental problems25 What is the message the author intends to convey?（A）Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.（B） The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.（C） The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs
22、.（D）People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.25 A recent study, which was published in last weeks Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passe
23、ngers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone. By contrast, the risk of death for the drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p. m. , and e
24、specially after midnight. With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behav
25、ior“ than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue“ he says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate(使缓解)the problem is to have states ins
26、titute so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a teenager should first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night or passenger restrictions, before gradu
27、ating to full driving privileges.Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers. California is the strictest,
28、 with a novice(新手)driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20(without the presence of an adult over 25)for the first six months.26 Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?（A）Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p. m.（B） A teenager
29、driving after midnight with passengers in the car.（C） Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.（D）A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.27 According to Robert Foss, the high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to_.（A）their frequent dri
30、ving at night（B） their improper way of driving（C） their lack of driving experience（D）their driving with passengers28 According to Paragraph 3 , which of the following statements is TRUE?（A）Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.（B） Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to lear
31、n.（C） Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.（D）The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers driving accidents.29 A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers driving accidents is that_.（A）driving in the presence of an adult should be ma
32、de a rule（B） they should be prohibited from taking on passengers（C） they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p. m.（D）the licensing system should be improved30 The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system_.（A）is under discussion（B） is about to be set up
33、（C） has been put into effect（D）has been perfected30 Imagine waking up and finding the value of your assets has been halved. No, youre not an investor in one of those hedge funds(对冲基金)that failed completely. With the dollar slumping to a 26-year low against the pound, already-expensive London has bec
34、ome quite unaffordable. A coffee at Starbucks, just as unavoidable in England as it is in the United States, runs about $ 8.The once all-powerful dollar isnt doing a Titanic against just the pound. It is sitting at a record low against the euro and at a 30-year low against the Canadian dollar. Even
35、the Argentine peso and Brazilian real are thriving against the dollar.The weak dollar is a source of humiliation(屈辱), for a nations self-esteem rests in part on the strength of its currency. Its also a potential economic problem, since a declining dollar makes imported food more expensive and exerts
36、 upward pressure on interest rates. And yet there are substantial sectors of the vast U. S. economy from giant companies like Coca-Cola to mom-and-pop restaurant operators in Miami for which the weak dollar is most excellent news.Many Europeans may view the U. S. as an arrogant superpower that has b
37、ecome hostile to foreigners. But nothing makes people think more warmly of the U. S. than a weak dollar. Through April, the total number of visitors from abroad was up 6. 8 percent from last year. Should the trend continue, the number of tourists this year will finally top the 2000 peak. Many Europe
38、ans now apparently view the U. S. the way many Americans view Mexico as a cheap place to vacation, shop and party, all while ignoring the fact that the poorer locals cant afford to join the merrymaking.The money tourists spend helps decrease our chronic trade deficit. So do exports, which, thanks in
39、 part to the weak dollar, soared 11 percent between May 2006 and May 2007. For first five months of 2007, the trade deficit actually fell 7 percent from 2006.If you own shares in large American corporations, youre a winner in the weak-dollar gamble. Last week Coca-Colas stock bubbled to a five-year
40、high after it reported a fantastic quarter. Foreign sales accounted for 65 percent of Cokes beverage(饮料)business. Other American companies profiting from this trend include McDonalds and IBM.American tourists, however, shouldnt expect any relief soon. The dollar lost strength the way many marriages
41、break up slowly, and then all at once. And currencies dont turn on a dime. So if you want to avoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar, cancel that summer vacation to England and look to New England. There, the dollar is still treated with a little respect.31 Why do Americans feel
42、 humiliated?（A）Their economy is plunging(猛跌).（B） Their currency has slumped.（C） They cant afford trips to Europe.（D）They have lost half of their assets.32 How does the current dollar affect the life of ordinary Americans?（A）They have to cancel their vacations in New England.（B） They find it unafford
43、able to dine in mom-and-pop restaurants.（C） They have to spend more money when buying imported goods.（D）They might lose their jobs due to potential economic problems.33 How do many Europeans feel about the U. S. with the devalued dollar?（A）They feel contemptuous(鄙视的)of it.（B） They are sympathetic wi
44、th it.（C） They regard it as a superpower on the decline.（D）They think of it as a good tourist destination.34 What is the authors advice to Americans?（A）They treat the dollar with a little respect.（B） They try to win in the weak-dollar gamble.（C） They vacation at home rather than abroad.（D）They treas
45、ure their marriages all the more.35 What does the author imply by saying “currencies dont turn on a dime“(Para. 7)?（A）The dollars value will not increase in the short term.（B） The value of a dollar will not be reduced to a dime.（C） The dollars value will drop, but within a small margin.（D）Few Americ
46、ans will change dollars into other currencies.35 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,“ William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. I
47、n the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit“ carries a negative implication.So it seems paradoxical(自相矛盾的)to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and
48、 even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try the more we step outside
49、 our comfort zone the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.But dont bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, theyre there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination(迷
