1、考研英语完型填空-(四)及答案解析(总分：240.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：3，分数：240.00)According to myth, Rwandas ancient line of kings descended from a man with secret knowledge: He could (1) ordinary rock into smooth, gleaming iron. (2) this new technology, he taught his people to make hard, durable weapons
2、for defeating their enemies and sharp axes for cutting the forest to make fields. By the time the first Europeans arrived in the 19th century, iron had become (3) in the kingdom of Rwanda.Other traditional African societies tell stories of (4) ironworkers who descended from heaven or came from other
3、 lands. The prevalence of such legends (5) the importance of ironworking in these cultures, and archaeologists have long wondered if the arrival of iron metallurgy (6) the growth of complex early societies. Did foreigners (7) bring ironworking to Africa, or did Africans invent it themselves?Entering
4、 the Iron Age was not easy. Metalworkers had to melt ore at (8) temperatures and then repeatedly hammer and reheat the spongy metal. The traditional view is that metallurgists in Turkey were the first to melt iron ore (9) , beginning around 1800 B.C.E. Initially, they (10) the new metal for precious
5、 (11) or ritual objects. But by 1200 B.C.E., workers in the Levant were boiling out (12) amounts of iron.The metal had a major (13) on societies. Iron was a transformative metal. Iron ores are much more (14) than copper or the tin needed to make bronze. Bronze was (15) costly and largely limited (16
6、) use in ritual objects and goods for (17) . But once cultures learned to melt iron, they could put iron tools into the hands of (18) people for clearing forests and tilling the (19) . This boosted agricultural yields, increased the numbers of villages, and (20) ever more social complexity.（分数：80.00
7、）(1).A. manipulate B. magnify C. transplant D. transform（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. After B. In C. Before D. With（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. throne B. emperor C. power D. conquest（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. ambitions B. mythical C. inspiring D. imaginary（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. influences B. underlines C. endang
8、ers D. accelerates（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. spurred B. justified C. erected D. prevented（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. in fact B. as a result C. by the way D. at the same time（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. minimum B. bioactive C. precise D. automatic（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. reluctantly B. deliberately C. voluntarily
9、 D. secretly（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. Beforehand B. Initially C. Eventually D. Similarly（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. diamonds B. ornaments C. crystals D. equipment（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. considerable B. considered C. flexible D. immeasurable（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. catastrophe B. disturbance C. impact D
10、. insertion（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. abundant B. magnificent C. expensive D. extravagant（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. nevertheless B. therefore C. thereafter D. however（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. in B. as C. to D. at（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. microorganisms B. elites C. revolutionists D. empires（分数：4.00）A.B.C.
11、D.(18).A. countless B. ordinary C. folk D. unarmed（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. floors B. apartments C. properties D. soils（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. triggered B. aroused C. disrupted D. located（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.Benjamin Franklin just got a face-lift. And its about time. Over the past seven years, the Treas
12、ury Department has redesigned the 5, 10, 20 and 50 bills, citing counterfeiting (1) On April 21, the 100 bill (2) its fellows when the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) unveiled its latest bill. The 100 bill is the highest-denomination note in (3) and can weather more than seven years of (
13、4) A humble 1 bill lasts only 21 months.The American Revolutions continental currency-the first attempt (5) national tender-did not have the same kind of (6) . So much of the money was produced to (7) the war that it quickly (8) . In 1863, Congress (9) the issuance of paper tender, much of which was
14、 easy to counterfeit. It is estimated that one-third of money circulating at the time was (10) . But that didnt stop the government from producing (11) of it. By the time the BEP was officially established in 1874, the Treasury Department had been creating (12) for more than a decade-with dozens of
15、clerks manually cutting and signing bills before the process was (13) The U.S. started producing coins in 1792. The first piece of money to feature a Presidents (14) was a coin: the Abraham Lincoln penny, created in 1909. And (15) the fact that it costs to make each （分数：80.00）(1).A. consciousness B.
16、 tolerance C. sincerity D. concerns（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. caught up with B. caught in C. led to D. led in（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. survival B. circulation C. maintenance D. coordination（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. usage B. existence C. use D. application（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. to B. in C. on D. at（分数：4.00
17、）A.B.C.D.(6).A. longevity B. span C. assumption D. regulation（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. retain B. arrange C. succeed D. fund（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. declined B. deprived C. depreciated D. appreciated（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. initiated B. uncovered C. authorized D. originated（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. fake B
18、. grand C. real D. complete（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. none B. more C. less D. some（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. coins B. finance C. currency D. banks（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. automated B. industrialized C. artificial D. materialized（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. spirit B. likeness C. body D. constitution（分数：4.00）
19、A.B.C.D.(15).A. under B. despite C. against D. as（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. Popular B. Well-recieved C. Short-lived D. Notorious（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. thus B. so C. otherwise D. though（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. With B. Beyond C. Among D. Despite（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. intermittent B. optimistic C. co
20、ntinual D. continental（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. Support B. Trust C. Respect D. Interrogate（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.The major task facing adolescents is to create a stable identity. There are some developmental tasks that enable them to create an identity.Its important to accept ones physique. The beginning o
21、f puberty and the rate of body changes for adolescent varies tremendously. How easily adolescents deal with those changes will (1) reflect how closely their bodies match the well-defined (2) of the “perfect“ body for young women and young men. Adolescents who do not match it may need (3) support fro
22、m adults to improve their feelings of comfort and self-worth regarding their physique.Try to achieve emotional independence from parents. Children derive strength from (4) their parents values and attitudes. Adolescents, (5) , must redefine their (6) of personal strength and move toward self-relianc
23、e. This change is (7) if the adolescent and parents can agree on some level of (8) that increases over time. (9) , parents and adolescents should set a time by which children must be back home. That time should be increased (10) the adolescent matures.Prepare for an economic career. In our society,
24、an adolescent (11) adult status when he or she is able to (12) support himself or herself. This task has become more (13) than in the past because the job market demands increased education and skills. Today, this developmental task is generally not achieved (14) late adolescence or early adulthood,
25、 after the individual completes her/his education and gains some entry level work experience.Adolescents can think abstractly and about possible situations. With these (15) in thinking, the adolescent is able to develop his or her own (16) of values and beliefs. Thus, it is essential to take an ideo
26、logy as a guide to behavior.The family is where children define themselves and their world. Adolescents (17) themselves and their world from their new social roles. Status (18) the community, beyond that of family is an important achievement for older adolescents and young adults. Adolescents and yo
27、ung adults become members of the larger community (19) employment (financial independence) and (20) independence from parents.（分数：80.00）(1).A. partly B. seriously C. completely D. hardly（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. shapes B. modes C. forms D. stereotypes（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. extensive B. extra C. entir
28、e D. overall（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. internalizing B. abandoning C. requiring D. sustaining（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. however B. moreover C. therefore D. furthermore（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. resources B. sources C. nature D. views（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. evident B. spontaneous C. smoother D. apparent（分数：4.
29、00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. involvement B. independence C. interference D. isolation（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. For exaraple B. To some extent C. As example D. In a sense（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. before B. during C. as D. after（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. develops B. selects C. finds D. reaches（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A.
30、 financially B. physically C. mentally D. psychologically（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. possible B. available C. feasible D. difficult（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. after B. before C. until D. as（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. abilities B. changes C. transforms D. variables（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. goal B. thought C. d
31、efinition D. set（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. judge B. define C. relieve D. free（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. in B. within C. beyond D. without（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. by B. toward C. through D. with（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. emotional B. physical C. economical D. religious（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.考研英语完型填空-(四)答案解析(总分：2
32、40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：3，分数：240.00)According to myth, Rwandas ancient line of kings descended from a man with secret knowledge: He could (1) ordinary rock into smooth, gleaming iron. (2) this new technology, he taught his people to make hard, durable weapons for defeating their en
33、emies and sharp axes for cutting the forest to make fields. By the time the first Europeans arrived in the 19th century, iron had become (3) in the kingdom of Rwanda.Other traditional African societies tell stories of (4) ironworkers who descended from heaven or came from other lands. The prevalence
34、 of such legends (5) the importance of ironworking in these cultures, and archaeologists have long wondered if the arrival of iron metallurgy (6) the growth of complex early societies. Did foreigners (7) bring ironworking to Africa, or did Africans invent it themselves?Entering the Iron Age was not
35、easy. Metalworkers had to melt ore at (8) temperatures and then repeatedly hammer and reheat the spongy metal. The traditional view is that metallurgists in Turkey were the first to melt iron ore (9) , beginning around 1800 B.C.E. Initially, they (10) the new metal for precious (11) or ritual object
36、s. But by 1200 B.C.E., workers in the Levant were boiling out (12) amounts of iron.The metal had a major (13) on societies. Iron was a transformative metal. Iron ores are much more (14) than copper or the tin needed to make bronze. Bronze was (15) costly and largely limited (16) use in ritual object
37、s and goods for (17) . But once cultures learned to melt iron, they could put iron tools into the hands of (18) people for clearing forests and tilling the (19) . This boosted agricultural yields, increased the numbers of villages, and (20) ever more social complexity.（分数：80.00）(1).A. manipulate B.
38、magnify C. transplant D. transform（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。rock into iron 是一个“转变”的过程，四个选项中只有 D项符合题意。(2).A. After B. In C. Before D. With（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：语义逻辑题。空格处所缺的是介词，它的宾语是 this new technology。根据其后的内容他教臣民制作武器和斧子，可知这里应填入一个含有“用，运用”含义的介词，选 D项。(3).A. throne B. emperor C. power D. conquest
39、（分数：4.00）A.B.C. D.解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。前文提到，铁可以作为武器御敌，又可以砍伐树林，代表着先进的战斗力和生产力，可以判断，铁在当时是一种权力之源，即拥有了冶铁方法，也就拥有了权力。因此，C 项符合题意。根据常识以及上下文，可以得知，铁不可能成为宝座、皇帝或者掠取地。因此，均不符合题意。(4).A. ambitions B. mythical C. inspiring D. imaginary（分数：4.00）A.B. C.D.解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。ironworkers 后面 who引导的定语从句表明这些铁匠是“来自天堂或其他大陆”，言外之意是人们不知道
40、他们不知从何而来，是神话般的、具有神话色彩的。因此，B 项符合题意。D项的干扰性较强，但是那些铁匠不是幻想虚构的，而是存在的，只是他们具有一定的神话和传奇色彩，因此，B 项更加符合题意。(5).A. influences B. underlines C. endangers D. accelerates（分数：4.00）A.B. C.D.解析：句子的主语是 The prevalence of such legends(关于铁匠的传说的广泛流传)，宾语是 the importance of ironworking(铸铁的重要性)，可见这里缺少了“表明，加强，强调，突出”等意义的动词作谓语。und
41、erline 意为“强调，表明的重要性，加强”，完全符合句意。(6).A. spurred B. justified C. erected D. prevented（分数：4.00）A. B.C.D.解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。解题关键词是空格后的 growth，且根据上文的种种表述，可判断铸铁的工艺是“促进”发展的，因而排除 D项选 A项。(7).A. in fact B. as a result C. by the way D. at the same time（分数：4.00）A. B.C.D.解析：语义逻辑题。答对此题要联系空格所在句子的后半部分，即由 or引导的小句。这里表示的是
42、考古学家的猜测，是外国人_把铸铁技术带到了非洲还是非洲人自己创造出这项技术呢?根据句意，此处是一种表是“证实”的意义，表示“到底”真相如何?只有 A项符合题意，意为“实际上，确切地说，其实”。(8).A. minimum B. bioactive C. precise D. automatic（分数：4.00）A.B.C. D.解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。该段第一句提到，进入铁器时代不容易。第二句讲的是制作工艺，包括温度的控制和制作方法。填入的形容词修饰 temperatures，precise temperatures 指“精确地温度”，C项放入句中符合句意和逻辑。结合常识可以判断，冶铁
43、不可能在低温或者自动温度下进行，而必须在精确的温度下进行，因此其他三项均不符合题意。(9).A. reluctantly B. deliberately C. voluntarily D. secretly（分数：4.00）A.B. C.D.解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。该句讲的是冶金的历史，既然是可究的传统观点，土耳其的冶金家在当时应当是“有意、公开地”开始熔炼铁矿石。如果是“秘密地”进行，下文应该还会给与其行为被发现的时间。因此这里选 B项要比 D项更符合逻辑。(10).A. Beforehand B. Initially C. Eventually D. Similarly（分数：4.
44、00）A.B. C.D.解析：语义逻辑题。解题的关键点在于下一句的转折词 But和时间标志 by 1200 B.C.E，由此判断空格所在句的情况发生在之前，这里选 Initially符合句意。A项意为“事先”，常用在订房、预定等方面，用在句中不妥；C 和 D项只是同类词干扰，只要知道意思便能马上将其排除。(11).A. diamonds B. ornaments C. crystals D. equipment（分数：4.00）A.B. C.D.解析：语义逻辑题。根据空格前的内容 reserved the metal可判断填入的内容是可以用铁制成的，四个选项中唯有 ornaments“装饰品”
45、符合逻辑，故 B项正确。(12).A. considerable B. considered C. flexible D. immeasurable（分数：4.00）A. B.C.D.解析：语义逻辑题。上文提到铁器仍然是得来不易的，而该句表转折的 But表明这样的情况已得到改善。因此，此处空格应填入表示“相当大(或多)的”的词语，A 项符合题意，意为“重大的，值得注意的，很大(或多)的”。D项“不可估量的”用在此句过于夸张了，句意方面不如 A项。此外，amount 前面若需要表示“很多、很大”意义的词时，多用 considerable，基本上算是一种常用搭配。(13).A. catastrop
46、he B. disturbance C. impact D. insertion（分数：4.00）A.B.C. D.解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。该段主要讲述的是的铁的用处，即铁对社会的影响及意义。因此，此空格选 C项。(14).A. abundant B. magnificent C. expensive D. extravagant（分数：4.00）A. B.C.D.解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。本句意为，在制作青铜的过程中，所需的铁矿石比铜墙铁壁或锡更_，这里是量的比较，故用表数量的 abundant“大量的，充足的”一词，选 A项。(15).A. nevertheless B. t
47、herefore C. thereafter D. however（分数：4.00）A.B. C.D.解析：语义逻辑题。前一句说制造青铜需要的铁矿石较多，按照一般逻辑，空格处应填入含有结果之意的词才正确，故用 B项。句中没有明显的转折关系和时间的先后顺序，因而 A、C、D 项都不准确。(16).A. in B. as C. to D. at（分数：4.00）A.B.C. D.解析：考查固定搭配。空格所缺词语必须和 be limited构成搭配。be limited to 是固定搭配，意为“局限于”。其他选项均不和 be limited搭配使用。(17).A. microorganisms B.
48、 elites C. revolutionists D. empires（分数：4.00）A.B. C.D.解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。既然青铜价格昂贵，那么应该只有上层人士才用得起。因此，B 项符合题意，意为“出类拔萃的人，上层人士，掌权人物，精英”。A和 C项在意思上不符合句子意思和逻辑；D 项意为“帝国，君权”，它不能表示“君王”，“君王”应该用 emperor。(18).A. countless B. ordinary C. folk D. unarmed（分数：4.00）A.B. C.D.解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。根据转折词 But之后的内容“一旦学会了熔铁”，可知下文将要
49、说铁开始被“普通百姓”普遍使用，ordinary people 指“普通百姓”，这里选 B项。countless指“无数的，数不清的”，但根据空格前的内容可知，文章这里说的是铁与青铜不一样，普通百姓也可以普遍使用，因而选 A项不如 B项符合句意；folk 作形容词时意为“民间的”，它作名词时才“老百姓”，后不接 people；D 项“赤手空拳的”不符合句子意思。(19).A. floors B. apartments C. properties D. soils（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。空格中所缺的是动词 till(耕)的宾语，用来耕犁的是土壤，因此，D项符合题意。(20).A. triggered B. aroused C. disrupted D. located（分数：4.00）A. B.C.D.解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。填入的动词与前面的 boosted和 increased并列，且宾语是 social complexity，A 项 trigger与之搭配，意为“促使社会变得更加复杂”。arouse指“唤起，唤醒”，其后常接 sb.；C、D 项明显不合句意。Benjamin Franklin just got a fac
