1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 118 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to soc
2、iety rather than be a financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently. The current approach which【C1】_ on younger people and on skills for employment is not【C2】_ to meet the challenges of demographic (人口结构的) change, it says. Only 1% of the education budget is【C3】_ spent o
3、n the oldest third of the population. The【C4】_ include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in【C5】_ , that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are【C6】_ state pension age. 【C7】_ needs to continue throughout life. Our historic co
4、ncentration of policy attention and resources【C8】_ young people cannot meet the new【C9】_ ,“ says the reports author, Professor Stephen McNair. The major【C10】_ of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25.【C11】_ people are changing their jobs,【C12】_ , partners and lifestyles more of
5、ten than【C13】_ , they need opportunities to learn at every age.【C14】_ , some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later. People need opportunities to make a “midlife review“ to【C15】_ to the later stages of employed life, and to plan for the transition【C16】_ retirement, which may now happ
6、en【C17】_ at any point from 50 to over 90, says McNair. And there should be more money【C18】_ to support people in establishing a【C19】_ of identity and finding constructive【C20】_ for the “ third age“ , the 20 or more years they will spend in healthy retired life.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.operatesB.
7、focusesC.countsD.depends(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.superiorB.regularC.essentialD.adequate(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.currentlyB.barelyC.anxiouslyD.heavily(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.regulationsB.obstaclesC.challengesD.guidelines(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.enjoymentB.retirementC.stabilityD.inability(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.overB.afterC.acro
8、ssD.beside(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.IndentifyingB.LearningC.InstructingD.Practicing(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.atB.byC.inD.on(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.desiresB.realmsC.needsD.intentions(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.measureB.ratioC.areaD.portion(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.WhenB.UntilC.WhetherD.Before(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.neighborsB.moodsC.
9、homesD.minds(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.agoB.everC.previouslyD.formerly(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.For exampleB.By contrastC.In particularD.On average(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.transformB.yieldC.adjustD.suit(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.withinB.fromC.beyondD.to(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.unfairlyB.unpredictablyC.instantlyD.indirectly(
10、18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.reliableB.considerableC.availableD.feasible(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.senseB.conscienceC.projectD.definition(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.ranksB.assetsC.idealsD.roles二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answ
11、er the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese prescho
12、ols are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early chil
13、dhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents listed “to give children a good start academically“ as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for su
14、ccessful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their pare
15、nts. In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented Americans listed gro
16、up experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education. Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims
17、, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the childrens chances
18、 of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe_.（分数：2.00）A.Japanes
19、e parents are more involved in preschool education than American parentsB.Japans economic success is a result of its scientific achievementsC.Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instructionD.Japans higher education is superior to theirs(2).Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools
20、 should also attach importance to_.（分数：2.00）A.problem solvingB.group experienceC.parental guidanceD.individually-oriented development(3).In Japans preschool education, the focus is on_.（分数：2.00）A.preparing children academicallyB.developing childrens artistic interestsC.tapping childrens potentialD.s
21、haping childrens character(4).Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.broaden childrens horizonB.cultivate childrens creativityC.lighten childrens study loadD.enrich childrens knowledge(5).Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-bas
22、ed kindergartens?（分数：2.00）A.They can do better in their future studies.B.They can accumulate more group experience there.C.They can be individually oriented when they grow up.D.They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.On how the world has changed over the last 50 years, not all
23、 of it has been good. As you are looking for organic food information, you have obviously become aware that a better alternative exists and you are taking a critical look at the source and production practices of the companies producing the worlds food supplies. The purpose of organic food informati
24、on is to give you an understanding of what is going into your food. You will see that there are many benefits to organic food that you didnt know before. The basis behind knowing about organic food information is the fact that farmers are resorting to using artificial fertilizers and pesticides (杀虫剂
25、) to control disease and insect attack in order to produce more crops to satisfy growing demand. These artificial fertilizers leave something poisonous in and on the fruit and vegetables we consume which in turn is absorbed and stored by our bodies. Even the quality of food has gone down in recent y
26、ears. Todays fruits have nowhere near the Vitamin C levels they did at one time. However, with organic food information you learn that organic food has fifty percent more nutrients, minerals and vitamins than any other form of produce that has been grown under intensive farming. If you are eating no
27、n-organic produce you will have to eat more fruit in order to make up for this deficiency. But then the dangerous cycle continues since you will be eating more chemicals that are worse for your health than they are good for you. Another aspect of organic food information is the production of meat an
28、d poultry (家禽) . Most only consider produce when it comes to organic food information disregarding the antibiotics (抗生素) and hormones that are given to both cattle and poultry that are being force fed. Ask yourself what happens to all these antibiotics and hormones when the animal is killed, the rem
29、aining of these antibiotics and growth hormones reside in the meat which are then consumed, digested and stored in human bodies. There is no way that an animal that isnt kept in healthy conditions can produce healthy food for humans to eat. You have nothing to lose by trying organic product, not onl
30、y will it be healthy for you but you will also be able to eat produce and meat the way they are supposed to be. You will likely be so impressed with the taste of organic fruit that you will never return to the mass-produced fruit again. While cost and availability can be a big issue for some, you ca
31、n do a bit of research online and find a local store that stocks organic produce for a reasonable price.（分数：10.00）(1).It is stated in Paragraph 1 that organic food_.（分数：2.00）A.is considered as a better choiceB.has become popular over the last 50 yearsC.reflects the change of production practicesD.is
32、 mostly supplied by world famous companies(2).According to Paragraph 3, organic food_.（分数：2.00）A.has gone down in qualityB.has more nutrientsC.can replace mass-produced foodD.lacks Vitamin C(3).What does the author say about meat and poultry?（分数：2.00）A.Organic meat and poultry is hardly available.B.
33、A great amount of meat is consumed every year.C.They may contain antibiotics and growth hormones.D.Merciless killing of the animals lowers their quality.(4).In the last paragraph, people are advised to_.（分数：2.00）A.return to mass-produced fruitsB.eat traditional produce and meatC.do the cost and avai
34、lability researchD.try organic product for better health and taste(5).This passage is mainly about_ .（分数：2.00）A.changes in food production practicesB.a growing demand for high quality foodC.the benefits of organic food informationD.the challenges facing the world food industryIf you intend using hum
35、or in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on who
36、m you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at
37、 a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly un
38、til, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps (跺脚) over to a table by himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God,“ came the reply, “ but sometimes he thin
39、ks hes a doctor.“ If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties
40、. With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats (替罪羊) like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humoro
41、us, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often its the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look
42、 may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist(旋转) on a familiar quote “If at first you dont succeed, give up“ or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick
43、out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.（分数：10.00）(1).To make your humor work, you should_.（分数：2.00）A.take advantage of different kinds of audienceB.make fun of the disorganized peopleC.address different problems to different peopleD.show sympathy for your listene
44、rs(2).The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are_.（分数：2.00）A.impolite to new arrivalsB.very conscious of their godlike roleC.entitled to some privilegesD.very busy even during lunch hours(3).It can be inferred from the text that public services_.（分数：2.00）A.have benefited ma
45、ny peopleB.are the focus of public attentionC.are an inappropriate subject for humorD.have often been the laughing stock(4).To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered_.（分数：2.00）A.in well-worded languageB.as awkwardly as possibleC.in exaggerated statementsD.as casually as pos
46、sible(5).The best title for the text may be_.（分数：2.00）A.Use Humor EffectivelyB.Various Kinds of HumorC.Add Humor to SpeechD.Different Humor StrategiesEverybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a rep
47、utation for slacking(偷懒) , you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human“ , with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance (不满). But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta
48、, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys (僧帽猴). They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services“ than mal
