1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 144 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Its 2:30 pm and Im procrastinating. The project is【C1】_by 5 oclock and I cant see
2、m to find the【C2】_to get it done. This is a common problem for everyone. Whether working from home or an office, creating the next big【C3】_or pushing papers for a corporation, we all procrastinate. The biggest reason youre tired is because of physical or mental【C4】_. When youre tired you dont have t
3、he motivation to work, so you【C5】_procrastinating. When your mind is in a foggy【C6】_, it prevents you from thinking straight. A foggy mind can be a headache or information【C7】_. Whatever the form, its hard to get anything done when your mind isnt working right. Now you have some【C8】_why afternoon pr
4、ocrastination happens. Try these【C9】_to help deal with it and get more done. 【C10】_tasks. The most common reason afternoon procrastination hits is because your tasks are not clear. Writing down what you have to do and which tasks are most important can help you【C11】_and get back to work. Take a brea
5、k. Sometimes its easy not to stop and let your mind rest. When you choose to intentionally take a break and【C12】_yourself to not focus on anything, it allows you to relax and prepare for the rest of the work day. Exercise at lunch. Often when youre able to get up and move around, your day is always
6、better. When you go for a walk, it allows your brain to【C13】_the mornings information and think through what you need to do the rest of the day. Exercise also【C14】_the body from sitting in a chair all morning. Be careful not to【C15】_it, because you want to make sure you have enough【C16】_for the rest
7、 of the work day. Drink water. According to my doctor, were【C17】_to drink like 8 glasses of water per day. Even if you cant【C18】_eight glasses of water, you sure can get a glass or two down after lunch. Staying【C19】_helps keep the mind clear and focused. All too often, afternoon procrastination come
8、s from a foggy head which can be【C20】_with a glass of water.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.dueB.overtimeC.outdatedD.feasible(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.guidelineB.amazementC.motivationD.alertness(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.eruptionB.commercialC.startupD.deputy(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.tortureB.fatigueC.miserableD.well-being(5
9、).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.put upB.bring upC.take upD.end up(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.stateB.dynamicC.knotD.form(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.bloomB.overloadC.saddleD.liberty(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.displaysB.confessionsC.ideasD.faith(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.strategiesB.componentsC.precautionsD.modes(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.MaintainB.Prioriti
10、zeC.MaximizeD.Assign(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.recallB.reinvestC.reinforceD.refocus(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.allowB.informC.letD.prepare(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.proceedB.processC.proposeD.promote(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.works outB.gives offC.pushes upD.puts on(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.overdoB.sufficientC.supplyD.add(16).【C
11、16】（分数：2.00）A.energyB.curiosityC.compassionD.horizon(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.obligedB.deprivedC.supposedD.exposed(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.nail downB.chug downC.cut downD.upside down(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.moistB.hydratedC.alertD.awake(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.destroyedB.installedC.fixedD.solve二、Reading Comprehensio
12、(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._There is a widespread belief that humanities Ph. D. s have limited job prospects. The story goes that since tenure-track professorship
13、s are increasingly being replaced by contingent faculty, the vast majority of English and history Ph. D. s now roam the earth as poorly-paid adjuncts or, if they leave academia, as baristas and bookstore cashiers. As English professor William Pannapacker put it in Slate a few years back, “a humaniti
14、es Ph. D. will place you at a disadvantage competing against 22-year-olds for entry-level jobs that barely require a high-school diploma. “ His advice to would-be graduate students was simple: Recognize that a humanities Ph. D. is now a worthless degree and avoid getting one at all cost. It is true
15、that the plate tectonics of academia has been shifting since the 1970s, reducing the number of good jobs available in the field. In the wake of these changes, there is no question that humanities doctorates have struggled with their employment prospects, but what is less widely known is between a fi
16、fth and a quarter of them go on to work in well-paying jobs in media, corporate America, non-profits, and government. Humanities Ph. D. s are all around usand they are not serving coffee. The American Historical Association (AHA) and the Modern Language Association (MLA) have staked out the position
17、 that the lack of reliable data about employment outcomes is hindering any productive discussion about the future of academia. Preliminary reports released in the past few months show that 24. 1 percent of history Ph. D. s and 21 percent of English and foreign language Ph. D. s over the last decade
18、took jobs in business, museums, and publishing houses, among other industries. Humanities Ph. D. s typically secure non-academic jobs through their own networks, without the support of their departments. For those Ph. D. s who ultimately find work outside academia, the job-hunting process is often l
19、onger and harder than it needs to be. Few universities offer humanities doctoral candidates career counseling for non-academic jobs, which would help them market themselves and leverage alumni networks. As a solution to the shrinking academic job market, several top Ph. D. programs have opted to red
20、uce the number of incoming doctoral candidates to limit their oversupply. However, some argue that this approach does not recognize that many humanities Ph. D. s will go on to positively impact other industries, as many already have. “Academic institutions hold a responsibility to advance knowledge,
21、“ Victoria Blodgett, director of Graduate Career Services at Yale University, argues. “We should be in the business of putting Ph. D. s in government, non-profits, the media and lots of industries where we will be better off if we have people who are trained to think as deeply as they are. “（分数：10.0
22、0）(1).Many people think some Ph. D. s have trouble finding jobs probably because_.（分数：2.00）A.they are no longer seen as indispensable future staffB.they are toying with the idea of leaving academiaC.they cannot maintain their competitive edge over MAsD.they demand monthly wages that are burdensome f
23、or all(2).The underlined sentence “the plate tectonics of academia has been shifting“ most probably means that_.（分数：2.00）A.the study of the planet structure has yielded different resultsB.the various parts forming the Earths crust have been movingC.the universitys organizational structure has been u
24、nder close examinationD.the appointments of faculty within universities have undergone a marked shift(3).What can be inferred from Para. 3?（分数：2.00）A.AHA and MLA dont think it is meaningful to assess career prospects of humanities Ph. D. s.B.AHA and MLA welcome any discussion about employment outcom
25、es.C.Employment statistics on humanities Ph. D. s have been accurate so far.D.Fewer humanities Ph. D. s entered industries except business and production.(4).How do humanities Ph. D. s usually find jobs?（分数：2.00）A.They use connections to land teaching jobs at university.B.They receive counseling on
26、securing non-academic jobs.C.They get substantial help when looking for white-collar jobs.D.They turn to their friends, relatives, and schoolmates for help.(5).According to Victoria Blodgett, Ph. D. s_.（分数：2.00）A.are very much needed in a diverse array of career fieldsB.are responsible for causing t
27、his supply-demand imbalanceC.are trained to think too deeply for non-academic jobsD.are better off by holding down non-academic jobsOne of the biggest hurdles to getting more electric cars on the road is “ range anxiety,“ the worry people have of their car battery dying before they get to a charging
28、 station. A new study should help brush those fears aside. Most American drivers do not go beyond the distance that todays electric cars can go on a single battery charge in one day, the study found. In fact, 87 percent of the vehicles on the road could be replaced by low-cost EVs on the market toda
29、y even if they were only charged overnight, say the MIT researchers who conducted the study published in Nature Energy. If this large-scale swap were to happen, it would lead to roughly 30 percent less carbon emissions even if the electricity were coming from carbon-emitting power plants. The resear
30、chers analyzed daily vehicle travel patterns across the U. S. by bringing together two large datasets. One, the National Household Travel Survey, gave them information on millions of trips made by all kinds of cars. The other included detailed GPS-based data collected by state agencies that measured
31、 second-by-second velocity of each kind of trip. The researchers also factored in ambient temperature and inefficient driving behavior to calculate the energy consumption of each trip: extensive heating or cooling and driving habits such as hard acceleration zap energy and can reduce driving range.
32、Taking the 2013 Nissan Leaf as an example of an affordable EV on the market, the researchers found that it could meet the driving needs of 87 percent of vehicles on a single day. That number could go up to 98 percent as batteries meet new capacity targets set by the Advanced Research Projects Agency
33、-Energy. What about the remaining 13 percent of trips? The researchers admit that electric cars might not cut it for longer trips, such as vacation travel. For those times, they suggest that people in a two-car household could use their gasoline-powered vehicle, or they could rely on car-sharing or
34、renting services. The data covered the countrys 12 major metro cities, from dense urban areas such as New York to sprawling cities like Houston. Surprisingly, the adoption potential of electric vehicles was pretty similar across these diverse cities: it only varied from 84-93 percent. “ This goes ag
35、ainst the view that electric vehiclesat least affordable ones, which have limited rangeonly really work in dense urban centers,“ said the studys lead author Jessika E. Trancik in a press release. Trancik and her colleagues admit that addressing range anxiety might not be enough to boost EV sales. “S
36、atisfying consumer preferences for vehicle performance and aesthetics will also be important, as will financing options to offset the purchase price,“ they say in the paper.（分数：10.00）(1).What has the new study found?（分数：2.00）A.American drivers dont have “range anxiety“.B.American drivers do have “ra
37、nge anxiety“.C.American drivers of electric cars worry about their batteries.D.American drivers of electric cars neednt worry about their batteries.(2).What do we know about electric cars today?（分数：2.00）A.They can travel for one day on a single charge.B.They can replace 13 percent of gas vehicles.C.
38、They surpass a typical Americans daily driving distance.D.They help to cut the prices of gas vehicles.(3).The word “swap“ (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.exchangeB.saleC.terminationD.promotion(4).According to the passage, which of the following has not been considered by the MIT resea
39、rchers?（分数：2.00）A.Driving speed.B.Satellite data.C.Fuel quality.D.Air conditioning.(5).What information do Trancik and her colleagues offer on the use and marketing of EVs?（分数：2.00）A.EVs and gas vehicles may complement each other well.B.EVs are much more useful than gas vehicles in city centers.C.EV
40、 companies can hugely expand their sales by easing consumers worries.D.EV companies should not lower the cheap car prices any more.We already know that gender balanced senior teams are not only better for business, the economy and society, but also crucial to womens continuing success in the workpla
41、ce. The visibility of women at the top demonstrates to other women that it is possible for them to get there too. For this reason, senior women are often presented as role models to inspire others to follow in their footsteps. Having said this, I believe it is important to recognise that role models
42、 and visibility are not one and the same. Role models tend to be more personal, while visibility has a more widespread effect when it comes to changing working culture. It isnt fair to put the pressure of being a perfect role model on the women who have made it to the top of their field. Most female
43、 employees are more inspired by realistic, relatable and attainable traitsnot just seniority. When women are asked to describe their ideal role model, they often reveal a wide variety of sought-after characteristics, traits and behaviours. From being decisive, intelligent and confident to warm, appr
44、oachable and inclusive, what makes an ideal role model is often personal and might change over time. We must work instead to normalise gender-balanced leadership, shifting away from the preoccupation with role models. Once we achieve this, the gender of role models becomes redundant anyway: we will
45、simply see them all around. The visible balance of power between women and men sends a clear message to women and girls of all ages that they can climb the career ladder too. This visibility of women in traditionally male-dominated roles and industries cannot be underestimated. This is beautifully i
46、llustrated by photographer Leonora Saunders in her series “10%. . . and rising“ , which challenges preconceptions of what women can or cant do in the world of work. Once girls and boys see people like themselves employed in all industries, their choices in life will be much greater and employers wil
47、l benefit from their capability and talent, not their gender. We need to focus increasingly on visible, balanced leadership at the highest levels of business. This is not to say that senior level women cant be role models to other women in their organisation, but that true role models should be foun
48、d at all levels, in line managers or even junior staff. Perhaps in time, when it becomes normal to see as many women as men in senior roles, the search for role models will be less about gender and will simply celebrate good leadershipwhatever that may look like.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Para. 1, female role models_.（分数：2.00）A.are more important than their male counterpartsB.are more influential when cooperating with menC.are possibly to be replaced by other womenD.are
