1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 124 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The countrys inadequate mental health system gets the most attention after instan
2、ces of mass violence that the nation has seen repeatedly over the past few months. Not all who【C1】_these sorts of cruelties are mentally ill, but 【C2】_ have been. After each, the national discussion quickly, but temporarily, turns toward the mental health services that may have 【C3】_to prevent anoth
3、er attack. Mental illness usually is not as dangerous or dramatic. 【C4】_ 23 million Americans live with mental disorder, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Very few of these men and women are 【C5】_ mass-murderers; they need help for their own well-being and for that of their【C6】_.
4、 The Affordable Care Act has significantly increased insurance coverage 【C7】_ mental health care. But that may not be enough to expand 【C8】_ to insufficient mental-health-care resources. Rep. Tim Murphy has a bill that would do so. The Helping Families in Mental Health Crisis Act is more【C9】_than ot
5、her recent efforts to reform the system and perhaps has the brightest prospects in a divided Congress. The【C10】_would reorganize the billions the federal government pours into mental health services. It would【C11】_the way Medicaid pays for certain mental health treatments. It would fund mental healt
6、h clinics that【C12】_certain medical standards. And it would【C13】_states to adopt policies that allow judges to order some severely mentally ill people to undergo treatment. Not everyone is satisfied. Some patients advocates have【C14】_Mr. Murphys approach as coercive and【C15】_to those who need help.
7、The government should not be expanding the system s capability to hospitalize or impose treatment on those【C16】_severe episodes, they say. It should instead be investing in community care that【C17】_the need for more serious treatment.【C18】_, for a small class who will not accept treatment between ho
8、spital visits or repeat arrests, they say, states have good reason to【C19】_them to accept care, under judicial supervision. Mr. Murphys reform package may not prevent the next Sandy Hook.【C20】_the changes would help relieve a lot of suffering that does not make the front page.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2
9、.00）A.grantB.commitC.affordD.award(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.manyB.fewC.moreD.much(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.requestedB.demandedC.failedD.attempted(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.NeatlyB.ConsiderablyC.NearlyD.Hardly(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.inevitableB.necessaryC.certainD.potential(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.careersB.hospitalsC.schoolsD.famili
10、es(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.forB.againstC.withD.without(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.warningB.accessC.demandD.way(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.preferableB.ineffectiveC.singleD.comprehensive(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.billB.methodC.linkD.law(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.confirmB.changeC.refuseD.hold(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.haveB.makeC.meetD.accord(
11、13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.admitB.pushC.retardD.command(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.praisedB.appreciatedC.scoldedD.condemned(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.harmfulB.beneficialC.uncertainD.considerate(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.looking intoB.taking onC.dealing withD.going through(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.heads offB.interferes withC.takes
12、 offD.copes with(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.ThusB.BecauseC.HoweverD.And(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.inviteB.allowC.requireD.refute(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.AndB.ButC.ThereforeD.Besides二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the
13、questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._In August, environmentalists in the Philippines vandalized a field of Golden Rice, an experimental grain whose genes had been modified. Its seeds will be handed out free to farmers. The aim is to improve the health of children in poor countries by
14、reducing vitamin A deficiency, which contributes to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths and cases of blindness each year. Environmentalists claim that these sorts of actions are justified because genetically modified crops pose health risks. Now the main ground for those claims has crumbled. L
15、ast year a paper which was published in a respected journal found that unusual rates of tumours and deaths in rats that had been fed upon a variety of genetic modification(GM)corn. Other studies found no such effects. But this one enabled campaigners to make a health-and-safety argument against GM c
16、rops one persuasive enough to influence governments. After the study appeared, Russia suspended imports of the grain in question. Kenya banned all GM crops. And the French prime minister said that if the results were confirmed he would press for a Europe-wide ban on the GM maize. There is now no ser
17、ious scientific evidence that GM crops do any harm to the health of human beings. There is plenty of evidence, though, that they benefit the health of the planet. One of the biggest challenges facing mankind is to feed the 9 billion-10 billion people who will be alive and richer in 2050. This will r
18、equire doubling food production on roughly the same area of land, using less water and fewer chemicals. It will also mean making food crops more resistant to the droughts and floods that seem likely if climate change is as bad as scientists fear. If the Green revolution had never happened, and yield
19、s had stayed at 1960 levels, the world could not produce its current food output even if it ploughed up every last acre of cultivable land. In contrast, GM crops boost yields, protecting wild habitat from the plough. They are more resistant to the vagaries of climate change, and to diseases and pest
20、s, reducing the need for agrochemicals. Genetic research holds out the possibility of breakthroughs that could vastly increase the productivity of farming, such as grains that fix their own nitrogen. Vandalizing GM field trials is a bit like the campaign of some religious leaders to prevent smallpox
21、 inoculations: it causes misery, even death, in the name of obscurantism and unscientific belief.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “contributes to“(Para. 1)probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.brings toB.leads toC.results fromD.introduces into(2).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_.（分数：2.00）A.the actions of envi
22、ronmentalists are reasonableB.many studies have found the bad effects of GM cropsC.the study has aroused fierce arguments about GM cropsD.the French bans all GM crops(3).In 2050, one of the biggest challenges of mankind is_.（分数：2.00）A.to provide food for at least 9 billion peopleB.to develop more cu
23、ltivable landC.to produce treble food on roughly the same area of landD.to prevent droughts and floods(4).Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.GM crops boost the output.B.GM crops are helpful to the wild habitat.C.GM crops are more resistant to various disastersD.GM
24、 crops could vastly increase the productivity of farming.(5).What is the authors attitude toward genetically modified crops?（分数：2.00）A.Critical.B.Supportive.C.Disinterested.D.Ambiguous.What are the roads not taken because students must take out loans for college? For one thing, it appears that peopl
25、e with student loans are less likely to start businesses of their own. A new study has found that areas with higher relative growth in student debt show lower growth in the formation of small businesses. The correlation makes sense. People normally have only a certain amount of “debt capacity“. When
26、 students use up their “debt capacity“ on student loans, they cant commit it elsewhere. Given the importance of an entrepreneurs personal debt capacity in financing a start-up business, student loan debt, which cannot be discharged via bankruptcy, can have lasting effects later in life and may impac
27、t the ability of future small-business owners to raise capital. Considering that 60 percent of jobs are created by small business, “if you shut down the ability to create new businesses, youre going to harm the economy,“ said Brent Ambrose, a professor of risk management at Pennsylvania State Univer
28、sity. Student loan debt also appears to be affecting homeownership trends. According to research by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, fewer 30-year-olds in general have bought homes since the recession, but the decline has been steeper for people with a history of student loan debt and has conti
29、nued even as the housing market has recovered. Student loan debt may also affect career choices. Having a college loan appears to reduce the likelihood that people will choose a low-paying public-interest job, according to a 2011 study by Jesse Rothstein of the University of California, Berkeley, an
30、d Cecilia Elena Rouse of Princeton. They arrived at their conclusion by studying a well-off university that began meeting students financial needs through a combination of work-study money and grants, and dispensing with loans altogether. Before the new policy started in the early 2000s, students we
31、re more likely to choose well-paid professions like investment banking and consulting. After the policy took effect, more students chose jobs in areas like teaching and the nonprofit sector. In many cases, the choices that student borrowers make are just common sense, based on the financial realitie
32、s they face. If society wants to change the skewing effect of student loans, some tough decisions about allocating educational resources may well lie ahead.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true about “debt capacity“?（分数：2.00）A.People with student loans, generally speaking, have almost use
33、d up their “debt capacity“.B.All the people have a certain amount of “debt capacity“ no matter they have loans or not.C.For those people who took student loans, their “debt capacity“ are weaker than others.D.Entrepreneurs “debt capacity“ should be stronger since it is crucial in financing situation.
34、(2).The quotation in Paragraph 2 implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.job opportunities are disappearing in high speedB.economic development can be held back by student loansC.small business survival is insignificant and meaninglessD.more and more commercial opportunities have been created(3).We can infer from
35、Rothstein and Elena s research that_.（分数：2.00）A.with lots of student loans, people will repress their desires of homeownershipB.without student loans, college graduates prefer to choose high-reward jobsC.without the burden of paying back loans, people will get more freedom of job choiceD.although ma
36、ny colleges have financial capacity to support students, they refuse to do so(4).Be a person with student loans, one would like to_.（分数：2.00）A.run his / her own businessB.invest in real estateC.dedicate to public welfareD.become a high-paid employee(5).Whats the focus of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.A rec
37、ent research about student debt.B.The ripple effects of student debt.C.Rules of applying loans in colleges.D.Career choice of contemporary youth.Nationally, an ageing population is a problem. But locally it can be a boon. The over-50s control 80% of Britain s wealth, and like to spend it on houses a
38、nd high-street shopping. The young “generation rent“, by contrast, is poor, distractible and liable to shop online. People aged between 50 and 74 spend twice as much as the under-30s on cinema tickets. Between 2000 and 2010 restaurant spending by those aged 65-74 increased by 33%, while the un-der-3
39、0s spent 18% less. And while the young still struggle to find work, older people are retiring later. During the financial crisis full-time employment fell for every age group but the over-65s, and there has been a rash of older entrepreneurs. Pensioners also support the working population by volunte
40、ering: some 100 retirees in Christchurch help out as business mentors. Even if they wanted to, most small towns and cities could not capture the cool kids. Mobile young professionals cluster, and greatly prefer to cluster in London. Even supposed meccas like Manchester are ageing: clubs in that city
41、 are becoming members-only. Towns that aim too young, like Bracknell and Chippenham, can find their high streets full of closed La Senzas(a lingerie chain)and struggling tattoo parlours. Companies often lag behind local authorities in working this out. They are London-obsessed, and have been slow to
42、 appreciate the growing economic: heft of the oldwho are assumed, often wrongly, to stick with products they learned to love in their youth. But Caroyln Freeman of Revelation Marketing reckons Britain could be on the verge of a marketing surge directed at the grey pound, “similar to what we saw with
43、 the pink“. The window will not remain open forever: soon the baby boomers will start to ail, and no one else alive today is likely to have such a rich retirement. Meanwhile, with the over-50s holding the purse strings, the towns that draw them are likely to grow more and more pleasant. Decent resta
44、urants and nice shops spring up in the favoured haunts of the old, just as they do in the trendy, revamped boroughs of London. Latimer House, a Christchurch furniture store full of retro clothing and 1940s music, would not look out of place in Hackney. Improved high streets then entice customers of
45、all ages. Indeed, gentrification and gerontification can look remarkably similar. Old folk and young hip-sters are similarly fond of vinyl and typewriters, and wander about in outsized spectacles. Some people never lose their edge.（分数：10.00）(1).The ageing population can be locally a boon in Britain
46、in that_.（分数：2.00）A.old folks hold 80% of Britain s wealthB.older people spend more money on high-street shoppingC.older people tend to buy big houses than rent housesD.the elderly like shopping online(2).Compared with the under-30s, older people_.（分数：2.00）A.have stronger purchasing powerB.retire ea
47、rlier during the financial crisisC.are liable to be entrepreneursD.make more money by working as business mentors(3).We can learn that most small towns and cities_.（分数：2.00）A.easily capture a cluster of young professionalsB.attract high concentrations of youth to local clubsC.should change the posit
48、ion that aims too youngD.vigorously develop tattoo parlous(4).According to Caroyln Freeman of Revelation Marketing,_.（分数：2.00）A.the old stick with products they learned to love in their youthB.the baby boomers also favour pink as we seeC.the grey market will not grow foreverD.Britain will have a marketing surge aiming at old folks(5).It can be inferred that Hackney is a borough_.（分数：2.00）A.with retro styleB.with trendy atmosphereC.playing 1940s musicD.mainl
