1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 124 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The countrys inadequate mental health system gets the most attention after instances of mass violence that the nation has seen rep
2、eatedly over the past few months. Not all who【C1】_these sorts of cruelties are mentally ill, but 【C2 】_ have been. After each, the national discussion quickly, but temporarily, turns toward the mental health services that may have 【C3】_to prevent another attack.Mental illness usually is not as dange
3、rous or dramatic. 【C4】_ 23 million Americans live with mental disorder, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Very few of these men and women are 【C5】_ mass-murderers; they need help for their own well-being and for that of their【C6】_. The Affordable Care Act has significantly increa
4、sed insurance coverage 【C7】_ mental health care. But that may not be enough to expand 【C8】_ to insufficient mental-health-care resources.Rep. Tim Murphy has a bill that would do so. The Helping Families in Mental Health Crisis Act is more【C9】_than other recent efforts to reform the system and perhap
5、s has the brightest prospects in a divided Congress. The【C10】_would reorganize the billions the federal government pours into mental health services. It would【C11 】_the way Medicaid pays for certain mental health treatments. It would fund mental health clinics that【C12 】_certain medical standards. A
6、nd it would【C13 】_states to adopt policies that allow judges to order some severely mentally ill people to undergo treatment.Not everyone is satisfied. Some patients advocates have【C14】_Mr. Murphys approach as coercive and【C15】_to those who need help. The government should not be expanding the syste
7、m s capability to hospitalize or impose treatment on those【C16】_severe episodes, they say. It should instead be investing in community care that【C17】_the need for more serious treatment.【C18】_, for a small class who will not accept treatment between hospital visits or repeat arrests, they say, state
8、s have good reason to【C19】_them to accept care, under judicial supervision. Mr. Murphys reform package may not prevent the next Sandy Hook.【C20】_the changes would help relieve a lot of suffering that does not make the front page.1 【C1 】（A）grant（B） commit（C） afford（D）award2 【C2 】（A）many（B） few（C） mor
9、e（D）much3 【C3 】（A）requested（B） demanded（C） failed（D）attempted4 【C4 】（A）Neatly（B） Considerably（C） Nearly（D）Hardly5 【C5 】（A）inevitable（B） necessary（C） certain（D）potential6 【C6 】（A）careers（B） hospitals（C） schools（D）families7 【C7 】（A）for（B） against（C） with（D）without8 【C8 】（A）warning（B） access（C） demand（
10、D）way9 【C9 】（A）preferable（B） ineffective（C） single（D）comprehensive10 【C10 】（A）bill（B） method（C） link（D）law11 【C11 】（A）confirm（B） change（C） refuse（D）hold12 【C12 】（A）have（B） make（C） meet（D）accord13 【C13 】（A）admit（B） push（C） retard（D）command14 【C14 】（A）praised（B） appreciated（C） scolded（D）condemned15 【C
11、15 】（A）harmful（B） beneficial（C） uncertain（D）considerate16 【C16 】（A）looking into（B） taking on（C） dealing with（D）going through17 【C17 】（A）heads off（B） interferes with（C） takes off（D）copes with18 【C18 】（A）Thus（B） Because（C） However（D）And19 【C19 】（A）invite（B） allow（C） require（D）refute20 【C20 】（A）And（B）
12、But（C） Therefore（D）BesidesPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In August, environmentalists in the Philippines vandalized a field of Golden Rice, an experimental grain whose genes had been modified. Its seeds wi
13、ll be handed out free to farmers. The aim is to improve the health of children in poor countries by reducing vitamin A deficiency, which contributes to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths and cases of blindness each year.Environmentalists claim that these sorts of actions are justified because
14、 genetically modified crops pose health risks. Now the main ground for those claims has crumbled. Last year a paper which was published in a respected journal found that unusual rates of tumours and deaths in rats that had been fed upon a variety of genetic modification(GM)corn. Other studies found
15、no such effects. But this one enabled campaigners to make a health-and-safety argument against GM crops one persuasive enough to influence governments. After the study appeared, Russia suspended imports of the grain in question. Kenya banned all GM crops. And the French prime minister said that if t
16、he results were confirmed he would press for a Europe-wide ban on the GM maize.There is now no serious scientific evidence that GM crops do any harm to the health of human beings. There is plenty of evidence, though, that they benefit the health of the planet. One of the biggest challenges facing ma
17、nkind is to feed the 9 billion-10 billion people who will be alive and richer in 2050. This will require doubling food production on roughly the same area of land, using less water and fewer chemicals. It will also mean making food crops more resistant to the droughts and floods that seem likely if
18、climate change is as bad as scientists fear.If the Green revolution had never happened, and yields had stayed at 1960 levels, the world could not produce its current food output even if it ploughed up every last acre of cultivable land. In contrast, GM crops boost yields, protecting wild habitat fro
19、m the plough. They are more resistant to the vagaries of climate change, and to diseases and pests, reducing the need for agrochemicals. Genetic research holds out the possibility of breakthroughs that could vastly increase the productivity of farming, such as grains that fix their own nitrogen.Vand
20、alizing GM field trials is a bit like the campaign of some religious leaders to prevent smallpox inoculations: it causes misery, even death, in the name of obscurantism and unscientific belief.21 The phrase “contributes to“(Para. 1)probably means_.（A）brings to（B） leads to（C） results from（D）introduce
21、s into22 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_.（A）the actions of environmentalists are reasonable（B） many studies have found the bad effects of GM crops（C） the study has aroused fierce arguments about GM crops（D）the French bans all GM crops23 In 2050, one of the biggest challenges of mankind is_
22、.（A）to provide food for at least 9 billion people（B） to develop more cultivable land（C） to produce treble food on roughly the same area of land（D）to prevent droughts and floods24 Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 4?（A）GM crops boost the output.（B） GM crops are helpful to the
23、wild habitat.（C） GM crops are more resistant to various disasters（D）GM crops could vastly increase the productivity of farming.25 What is the authors attitude toward genetically modified crops?（A）Critical.（B） Supportive.（C） Disinterested.（D）Ambiguous.25 What are the roads not taken because students
24、must take out loans for college? For one thing, it appears that people with student loans are less likely to start businesses of their own. A new study has found that areas with higher relative growth in student debt show lower growth in the formation of small businesses.The correlation makes sense.
25、 People normally have only a certain amount of “debt capacity“. When students use up their “debt capacity“ on student loans, they cant commit it elsewhere. Given the importance of an entrepreneurs personal debt capacity in financing a start-up business, student loan debt, which cannot be discharged
26、via bankruptcy, can have lasting effects later in life and may impact the ability of future small-business owners to raise capital. Considering that 60 percent of jobs are created by small business, “if you shut down the ability to create new businesses, youre going to harm the economy,“ said Brent
27、Ambrose, a professor of risk management at Pennsylvania State University.Student loan debt also appears to be affecting homeownership trends. According to research by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, fewer 30-year-olds in general have bought homes since the recession, but the decline has been s
28、teeper for people with a history of student loan debt and has continued even as the housing market has recovered.Student loan debt may also affect career choices. Having a college loan appears to reduce the likelihood that people will choose a low-paying public-interest job, according to a 2011 stud
29、y by Jesse Rothstein of the University of California, Berkeley, and Cecilia Elena Rouse of Princeton.They arrived at their conclusion by studying a well-off university that began meeting students financial needs through a combination of work-study money and grants, and dispensing with loans altogeth
30、er.Before the new policy started in the early 2000s, students were more likely to choose well-paid professions like investment banking and consulting. After the policy took effect, more students chose jobs in areas like teaching and the nonprofit sector.In many cases, the choices that student borrow
31、ers make are just common sense, based on the financial realities they face. If society wants to change the skewing effect of student loans, some tough decisions about allocating educational resources may well lie ahead.26 Which of the following is NOT true about “debt capacity“?（A）People with studen
32、t loans, generally speaking, have almost used up their “debt capacity“.（B） All the people have a certain amount of “debt capacity“ no matter they have loans or not.（C） For those people who took student loans, their “debt capacity“ are weaker than others.（D）Entrepreneurs “debt capacity“ should be str
33、onger since it is crucial in financing situation.27 The quotation in Paragraph 2 implies that_.（A）job opportunities are disappearing in high speed（B） economic development can be held back by student loans（C） small business survival is insignificant and meaningless（D）more and more commercial opportun
34、ities have been created28 We can infer from Rothstein and Elena s research that_.（A）with lots of student loans, people will repress their desires of homeownership（B） without student loans, college graduates prefer to choose high-reward jobs（C） without the burden of paying back loans, people will get
35、 more freedom of job choice（D）although many colleges have financial capacity to support students, they refuse to do so29 Be a person with student loans, one would like to_.（A）run his / her own business（B） invest in real estate（C） dedicate to public welfare（D）become a high-paid employee30 Whats the f
36、ocus of the passage?（A）A recent research about student debt.（B） The ripple effects of student debt.（C） Rules of applying loans in colleges.（D）Career choice of contemporary youth.30 Nationally, an ageing population is a problem. But locally it can be a boon. The over-50s control 80% of Britain s weal
37、th, and like to spend it on houses and high-street shopping. The young “generation rent“, by contrast, is poor, distractible and liable to shop online.People aged between 50 and 74 spend twice as much as the under-30s on cinema tickets. Between 2000 and 2010 restaurant spending by those aged 65-74 i
38、ncreased by 33%, while the un-der-30s spent 18% less. And while the young still struggle to find work, older people are retiring later. During the financial crisis full-time employment fell for every age group but the over-65s, and there has been a rash of older entrepreneurs. Pensioners also suppor
39、t the working population by volunteering: some 100 retirees in Christchurch help out as business mentors.Even if they wanted to, most small towns and cities could not capture the cool kids. Mobile young professionals cluster, and greatly prefer to cluster in London. Even supposed meccas like Manches
40、ter are ageing: clubs in that city are becoming members-only. Towns that aim too young, like Bracknell and Chippenham, can find their high streets full of closed La Senzas(a lingerie chain)and struggling tattoo parlours.Companies often lag behind local authorities in working this out. They are Londo
41、n-obsessed, and have been slow to appreciate the growing economic: heft of the oldwho are assumed, often wrongly, to stick with products they learned to love in their youth. But Caroyln Freeman of Revelation Marketing reckons Britain could be on the verge of a marketing surge directed at the grey po
42、und, “similar to what we saw with the pink“. The window will not remain open forever: soon the baby boomers will start to ail, and no one else alive today is likely to have such a rich retirement.Meanwhile, with the over-50s holding the purse strings, the towns that draw them are likely to grow more
43、 and more pleasant. Decent restaurants and nice shops spring up in the favoured haunts of the old, just as they do in the trendy, revamped boroughs of London. Latimer House, a Christchurch furniture store full of retro clothing and 1940s music, would not look out of place in Hackney. Improved high s
44、treets then entice customers of all ages.Indeed, gentrification and gerontification can look remarkably similar. Old folk and young hip-sters are similarly fond of vinyl and typewriters, and wander about in outsized spectacles. Some people never lose their edge.31 The ageing population can be locall
45、y a boon in Britain in that_.（A）old folks hold 80% of Britain s wealth（B） older people spend more money on high-street shopping（C） older people tend to buy big houses than rent houses（D）the elderly like shopping online32 Compared with the under-30s, older people_.（A）have stronger purchasing power（B）
46、 retire earlier during the financial crisis（C） are liable to be entrepreneurs（D）make more money by working as business mentors33 We can learn that most small towns and cities_.（A）easily capture a cluster of young professionals（B） attract high concentrations of youth to local clubs（C） should change t
47、he position that aims too young（D）vigorously develop tattoo parlous34 According to Caroyln Freeman of Revelation Marketing,_.（A）the old stick with products they learned to love in their youth（B） the baby boomers also favour pink as we see（C） the grey market will not grow forever（D）Britain will have
48、a marketing surge aiming at old folks35 It can be inferred that Hackney is a borough_.（A）with retro style（B） with trendy atmosphere（C） playing 1940s music（D）mainly selling furniture35 “Is it a vital interest of the state to have more anthropologists?“ Rick Scott, the Florida governor, once asked. A
49、leader of a prominent Internet company once told me that the firm regards admission to Harvard as a useful proof of talent, but a college education itself as useless. Parents and students themselves are acting on these principles, retreating from the humanities.Ive been thinking about this after reading Fareed Zakarias smart new book, In Defense of a Liberal Education. Like Mr. Zakaria, I think that the liberal
