1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷 22及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_【F1】 Any discussion of the American educational system w
2、ould be less than complete if it did not mention the emphasis that many colleges and universities place upon the nonacademic, social, “extracurricular“ aspect of education, often defined as personal growth. Perhaps a useful way of viewing the notion of personal growth would be to picture the very la
3、rge and general term “education“as being all-embracing, including as subsets within it academic and nonacademic components. This may be one of the most difficult concepts to convey to someone who is not intimately familiar with American higher education. Few educational systems in other countries pl
4、ace the same emphasis on this blend of academic and personal education. The majority of colleges and universities in the United States make some attempt to integrate personal and intellectual growth in the undergraduate years.【F2】 If the ultimate goal of undergraduate education in America were simpl
5、y to convey a set body of knowledge, the term of studies could undoubtedly be reduced. Yet the terms of studies are extended in order to give students a chance to grow and develop in other ways. Numerous opportunities are made available to students to become involved in sports, student government, m
6、usical and dramatic organizations, and countless other organized and individual activities designed to enhance one“s personal growth and provide some recreation and enjoyment outside of the classroom.【F3】 Experience with campus organizations and off-campus community involvement can be highly valuabl
7、e in preparing international students for future leadership in their professional field upon their return home. The typical American college“s support for extracurricular activity is perhaps unique in the world. This special educational dimension, beyond the classroom and laboratory experience, does
8、 not mean that extracurricular participation is required to gain an American degree.【F4】 It remains an entirely optional activity, but it is noted here because Americans have traditionally viewed success in one“s role as a citizen as closely linked to a “well-rounded“ life that incorporates a variet
9、y of social, athletic, and cultural activities into a person“s experience. A great many American campuses and communities have organized special extracurricular activities for students from other countries.【F5】 On most campuses, one can find an international club, which includes Americans, where stu
10、dents can get to know and learn socially from students from other countries, as well as Americans. International students are almost always invited, through organized hospitality activities, into the homes of Americans living in or outside the academic community.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（
11、分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_Half of the world“s population will be speaking or learning English by 2015, researchers say. Two billion people are expected to start learning English within a decade and three billion will speak it, says a British Council estimate. Oth
12、er languages, such as French, risk becoming the casualties of this “linguistic globalization“.【F1】 But the boom will be over by 2050 and the English language teaching industry will have become a victim of its own success, says David Graddol, author of the report, The Future of English. Mr. Graddol“s
13、 research was based on a computer model developed to estimate demand for English language teaching around the world.【F2】 The lecturer, who has worked in education and language studies at the Open University for the past 25 years, said the model charted likely student numbers through to 2050. It was
14、compiled by looking at various estimates from the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)on education provision, demographic projections, government education policies and international student mobility figures.【F3】 The impact of educational innovations and other devel
15、opments affecting the world population including the Chinese government“s policy of one baby per family were also factored in. Based on its findings, Mr. Graddol has predicted that the world is about to be hit by a tidal wave of English. “Many governments, especially in countries which have relative
16、ly recently gained independence, are introducing the teaching of English under a utilitarian banner.“ “But English predominates in the business world, and for such countries to be able to compete for work, including profitable outsourcing contracts, English is being pushed heavily from kindergarten
17、on.“ Even maths and science are being taught in English at secondary schools in Malaysia.【F4】 But demand for English teaching would drop as children progress through academia, and more universities across the world choose to teach in the language. Mr. Graddol also estimated that the boom would be ov
18、er by 2050.“English-language students will be down from two billion to 500 million then,“ he said, “Increasingly, as English spread across the globe, more people will become bilingual, even multi-lingual and such skills are highly prized in business. But Britain has not got the best reputation for l
19、earning other languages.“ 【F5】 The report also showed that English was not the only language spreading, and the world, far from being dominated by English, was to become more multi-lingual. Mr. Graddol said, “Chinese, Arabic and Spanish are all popular, and likely to be languages of the future.“（分数：
20、10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_The real heroine of the novel stands at one remove to the narrative.【F1】 On the face of it, readers are more likely to empathize with, and be curious about, the mysterious and resourceful slave, Sarah, wh
21、o forms one point of an emotional triangle. Sarah is the property of Manon, and came with her to a failing Louisiana sugar plantation on her marriage to the good-for-nothing, bullying owner. But Manon“s husband is soon struck by Sarah, and the proof lies in their idiot small son, Walter. However, th
22、e reader is forced to see things through Manon“s eyes, not Sarah“s, and her consciousness is not a comfortable place to be. Never a please or a thank you passes her lips when talking to slaves, though manners is the order of the day in white society. Manon is enormously attracted by inter-racial mar
23、riage(for the place and time-the early 19th centurysuch a concern would not be unusual, but in her case it seems pathological).【F2】 Walter, with “his father“s curly red hair and green eyes, his mother“s golden skin, her full, pushing-forward lips“, is the object of her especial hatred, but she chatt
24、ers on about all the “dreadful mixed-blooded“, the objectionable “yellow“ people. Beyond Manon“s polarized vision, we glimpse “free negros“ and the emerging black middle-class. To Manon“s disgust, such people actually have self-respect. In New Orleans buying shoes, Manon is taken aback by the shopke
25、eper“s lack of desired respect.【F3】 Mixed race prostitutes acquired the affections of male planters by giving them something mysterious their wives cannot often: What that might be, and why wives can“t offer it too, are questions Manon can“t even ask, let alone answer. The first third of the book ex
26、plores the uneasy and unsustainable peace between Manon, Sarah and the man always called just “my husband“ or “he“. Against the background of violent slave revolts and equally savage revenges, it“s clear the peace cannot last.【F4】 It“s part of the subtlety of this book that as the story develops and
27、 the inevitable explosion occurs, our view of all the characters swiftly changes. 【F5】 Sarah turns out to deserve all the suspicion Manon directs at her; at the point of death Manon“s husband displays an admirable toughness and courage; and Manon herself wins the reader“s reluctant admiration for he
28、r bravery, her endurance, and her total lack of self-pity. Perhaps the cruelest aspect of this society is the way it breaks down and distorts family affections. A slave“s baby is usually sold soon after birth; Sarah“s would-be husband, if he wants her, must buy her; and Manon herself, after all, is
29、only the property of her husband.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_【F1】 Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, usedthat a culture produces. Examining a culture“s tools
30、 and technology can tell us about the group“s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of “things“ in it, of course, are musical instruments.【F2】 We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of a
31、ny musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the stu
32、dy of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symph
33、ony orchestra. Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Br
34、itain and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs.【F3】 Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a
35、whole. Music is deep-rooted in the cultural background that fosters it. We now pay more and more attention to traditional or ethnic features in folk music and are willing to preserve the folk music as we do with many traditional cultural heritage. Musicians all over the world are busy with recording
36、 classic music in their country for the sake of their unique culture.【F4】 As always, people“s aspiration will always focus on their individuality rather than universal features that are shared by all cultures alike. 【F5】 One more important part of music“s material culture should be singled out: the
37、influence of the electronic mediaradio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information-revolution“, a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution in the nine
38、teenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the globe.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）-试卷 22答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00
39、)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_解析：【F1】 Any discussion of the American educational system would be less than complete if it did not mention the emphasis that many
40、 colleges and universities place upon the nonacademic, social, “extracurricular“ aspect of education, often defined as personal growth. Perhaps a useful way of viewing the notion of personal growth would be to picture the very large and general term “education“as being all-embracing, including as su
41、bsets within it academic and nonacademic components. This may be one of the most difficult concepts to convey to someone who is not intimately familiar with American higher education. Few educational systems in other countries place the same emphasis on this blend of academic and personal education.
42、 The majority of colleges and universities in the United States make some attempt to integrate personal and intellectual growth in the undergraduate years.【F2】 If the ultimate goal of undergraduate education in America were simply to convey a set body of knowledge, the term of studies could undoubtedly be reduced. Yet the terms of studies are extended in order to give students a chance to grow and develop in other ways. Numerous opportunities are made available to students to become involved in sports, student government, musical and dramatic organizatio
