1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 500 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Being a man has always been dangerous. There are a
2、bout 105 males born for every 100 females , but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for t
3、he first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or t
4、oo heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone. There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in s
5、ome religious communities, very few women has 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminish
6、ed. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of todayeveryone being the same in survival and number of offspringmeans that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-clas
7、s India compared to the tribes. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 yearseven the past 100 yearsour lives have been transformed but ou
8、r bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution; they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.“ No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of
9、 life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.（分数：10.00）(1).What can we learn from the second sentence in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Being a man has always been dangerous.B.Men have a lower survi
10、val rate.C.There are more women than men.D.Men are more mature.(2).Which of the following is not true according to the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Weight used to be a significant factor toward a boy babys life.B.Boy babies survival rate is as high as girl babies.C.Today it makes almost no difference
11、for the boys survival condition.D.Men used to have a lower survival rate.(3).What does the underlined word “fertile“ mean (Para. 2, Line 2)?（分数：2.00）A.Being able to bear child.B.Being able to support healthy plants to grow.C.Staying alive.D.Committing suicide.(4).Our body did not evolve because _.（分
12、数：2.00）A.natural selection has lost its powerB.the biological Utopia has arrivedC.machines and society take our place to evolve for usD.physical changes have stopped(5).The text is mainly about _.（分数：2.00）A.mens survival rate is lower than womenB.natural selections power is diminishingC.human evolut
13、ion is going nowhereD.human evolution has a bright futureSurveys find entrenched (根深蒂固的) pessimism over the countrys economic outlook and overall trajectory (轨道). In the latest Wall Street Journal poll, 63% of the respondents said the US is on the wrong track. Its not difficult to see why. Set aside
14、 the gridlock in Washington for a moment and appreciate the weakness of the economic recovery: Households whose finances were too weak to spend. Large numbers of unemployed workers who couldnt do so either. Younger Americans who couldnt afford their own homes. Banks that were too broken to lend. Yet
15、 nearly a year ago, I wrote an essay for Time suggesting that the economy could surprise on the upside. That hypothesis looks even more valid today. Despite the pessimistic mood, America is experiencing a profound comeback. Yes, too many Americans are out of work and have been for far too long. And
16、yes, there is a huge amount of slack to make up. In fact, if the 2008 collapse had not happened, the US GDP would be $1 trillionor more than 5%higher than it is today. But in terms of the growth outlook, the news is good. Goldman Sachs and many private-sector forecasters project a 3.3% growth rate f
17、or the remainder of 2014. The first half of 2014 saw the best job-creation rate in 15 years. Total household wealth and private employment surpassed 2008 levels last year. Bank loans to businesses exceeded previous highs this year. And income growth will soon improve too. America is finally returnin
18、g to where it was seven years ago. As halting as the US recovery has been, the economy is now leaner and more capable of healthy, sustained growth through 2016 and beyond. The US outlook shines compared with that of the rest of the industrialized world, as Europe and Japan are stagnant. The 2008 eco
19、nomic crisis and Great Recession forced widespread restructuring throughout the US economynot unlike a company gritting its teeth through a lifesaving bankruptcy. Manufacturing costs are down. The banking system has been recapitalized. The excess and abuse that defined the housing market are gone. A
20、nd its all being turbocharged by an energy boom nobody saw coming.（分数：10.00）(1).Most respondents of the Wall Street Journal poll _.（分数：2.00）A.are pessimistic about Americas general trackB.are optimistic about the countrys outlookC.appreciate Americas economic recoveryD.feel that they couldnt afford
21、a house(2).According to the second paragraph, which one is true?（分数：2.00）A.The US GDP has reached $1 trillion in 2008.B.The 2008 GDP in the US is higher than it is today.C.America is recovering despite its peoples pessimism.D.So many Americans are out of work that its economy collapsed.(3).Which one
22、 is NOT the good news mentioned in the text?（分数：2.00）A.Bank loans.B.Housing price.C.Income growth.D.Private employment.(4).We learn from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.nobody has predicted the energy boom beforeB.Europe and Japans outlook is better than AmericaC.the 2008 economic crisis has de
23、stroyed the US economyD.the American economy has been stagnant since 2008(5).What is the authors attitude towards Americas outlook?（分数：2.00）A.Skeptical.B.Indifferent.C.Pessimistic.D.Optimistic.Tight-lipped elders used to say, “Its not what you want in this world, but what you get.“ Psychology teache
24、s that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things. You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to
25、dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served. Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself
26、, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services. This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out st
27、andard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares“ and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonab
28、ly connected manner. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep
29、your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgement. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.（分数：10.00）(1).One can get what he wants on condition that _.（分数：2.00）A.he knows what he doesnt want.B.he knows what he wa
30、nts and wants the right thingsC.he knows where he goesD.he knows where he goes and go to the right direction(2).What does the word “blueprint“ (Para. 3, Line 1) mean?（分数：2.00）A.Plan.B.Blue paper.C.Routine.D.A printer.(3).Making a blueprint for yourself in the process of job hunting is _.（分数：2.00）A.t
31、he employers requirementB.to let you know how to sell your servicesC.to make job hunting difficultD.to make you know more about yourself(4).Which of the following is not true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.The account of yourself should include your personal information.B.The account of yourself f
32、or job hunting is valuable.C.Your could-be employer may know more about you through your rsum.D.Your resume will decide whether you can be employed by the employer.(5).What can we infer from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.You have to know yourself before job hunting.B.Your job is to search a job.C.Jo
33、b hunting takes a lot of time each day.D.You have to sell something tangible when you find a job.One reason why shareholder activism has been increasing is that regulators have encouraged it, especially on pay. For a decade Britain has required firms to give shareholders a non-binding annual vote on
34、 executive pay. The colossal Dodd-Frank act of 2010 gave shareholders in American companies a “say on pay“, too. Now comes two new moves. On March 3rd the Swiss voted to oblige firms to hold a binding annual vote on directors pay: in the small print, the referendum also banned golden handshakes and
35、severance packages for board members, and bonuses that encourage the buying or selling of firms. Then on March 5th EU finance ministers (with only Britain objecting) agreed to cap bankers bonuses to 100% of their basic salary, or 200% if shareholders vote for it. If the Swiss had merely given shareh
36、olders an annual vote on pay, it would have been a good thing; but the accompanying bans are not. There are times when a golden handshake to a talented manager can be in shareholders interests: far better to let the owners vote on it than restrict the firm from trying it. The EUs proposal has less s
37、till to recommend it. The rationale for it is that banking bonuses have encouraged risk taking, because they reward bankers hugely for bets that come off and punish them only slightly for those that dont. But banks have come a long way since the crisis, by deferring bonuses and making them partly pa
38、yable in their own debt and equity. Blunt laws could undermine such progress. And bonus caps will either hold pay down, thus sending clever people elsewhere, or push up salaries, thus making pay less responsive to performance. Enpowering shareholders is a good idea; requiring them to channel populis
39、t fury is not.（分数：10.00）(1).The Dodd-Frank act of 2010 gave shareholders in American companies _.（分数：2.00）A.a right to decide their own interestsB.a right to appoint new executivesC.a right to vote on executive payD.a right to increase the salary(2).What can be learned from the second paragraph?（分数：
40、2.00）A.Executives pay and bonuses may be curbed.B.Employees salaries will be lower than before.C.Directors pay will be decided by the government.D.The new moves will be favored by board members.(3).On March 5th EU finance ministers agreed to _.（分数：2.00）A.give bankers cap as bonusB.limit bankers reve
41、nuesC.limit bankers basic salariesD.give bankers a right to vote(4).It would be good for Swiss to _.（分数：2.00）A.ban shareholders annual vote on payB.give managers a right to vote on their payC.give talented managers golden handshakeD.give shareholders a vote on pay without the bans(5).We know from th
42、e last paragraph that a bonus cap may achieve all EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.making talents quitB.cutting down the salaryC.requiring shareholders to cause populist furyD.making salary less responsive to performance考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 500 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II
43、Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females , but this ratio drops to near balance at the
44、age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are sear
45、ching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of
46、the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone. There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women has 15 children. Nowadays the number of births
47、, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great citi
48、es and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of todayeveryone being the same in survival and number of offspringmeans that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 year
