1、中医综合-中医基础理论(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, and (1) millions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn million
2、s (2) as well, in television revenues, sponsorships. They also benefit (3) from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities (4) each other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularly (5) crowds of over 90, 000. Basketballs national collegiate championship
3、 game is a TV (6) on a par with any other sporting event in the United States, (7) perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can (8) ones TV set and see the top athletic programs-from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford- (9) in front of packed houses and n
4、ational TV audiences.The athletes themselves are (10) and provided with sch61arships. College coaches identify (11) teenagers and then go into high schools to (12) the countrys best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules about (13) coaches can recruit-no recruiting calls after
5、9 p. m. , only one official visit to a campus-but they are often bent and sometimes (14) . Top college football programs (15) scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student-athletes, when they arrive (16) campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, etc.In return, the players
6、(17) the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges (18) two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, its back to strength and agility training four days a week until mid-August, when camp (19) and preparation for the opening of the September-to-December season b
7、egins (20) During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.（分数：10.00）(1).A attribute B distribute C devote D attach（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A out B by C in D back（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A directly B indi
8、rectly C apart D indirect（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A compete for B compete in C compete against D compete over（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A draw B amuse C govern D handle（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A spectator B spectacle C spectrum D spectacles（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A save B saving C saved D to save（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8)
9、.A flip on B flap at C fling away D flush out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A battle B to battle C battling D battled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A recruited B reconciled C rectified D reserved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A promising B pleasing C prominent D professional（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A contrive B convince C convert
10、 D convict（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A which B what C how D whether（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A ignored B neglected C remembered D noticed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A offer B afford C award D reward（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A in B on C at D around（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A commit themselves to B commit themselves onC com
11、mute themselves to D comply themselves to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A work in B work out C work over D work off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A recalls B enlists C convenes D collects（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A in principle B in confidence C in name D in earnest（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Pa
12、rt A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When, in the age of automation, man searches for a worker to do the tedious, unpleasant jobs that are more or less impossible to mechanize, he may very profitably consider the ape.If we tackled the problem of breeding for brains with as much enthusiasm as w
13、e devote to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes, we could eventually produce assorted models of useful primates, ranging in size from the gorilla down to the baboon, each adapted to a special kind of work. It is not putting too much strain on the imagination to assume that geneticists could produce
14、 a super-ape, which is able to understand some scores of words and capable of being trained for such jobs as picking fruit, cleaning up the litter in parks, shining shoes, collecting garbage, doing household chores and even baby-sitting, although I have known some babies I would not care to trust wi
15、th a valuable ape.Apes could do many jobs, such as cleaning streets and the more repetitive types of agricultural work, without supervision, though they might need protection from those egregious specimens of Home sapiens who think it amusing to tease or bully anything they consider lower on the evo
16、lutionary ladder. For other tasks, such as delivering papers and laboring on the docks, our man-ape would have to work under human overseers; and, incidentally, I would love to see the finale of the twenty-first century version of On the Waterfront in which the honest but hairy hero will drum on his
17、 chest afterliterallytaking the wicked labor leader apart.Once a supply of nonhuman workers becomes available, a whole range of low IQ jobs could be thankfully given up by mankind, to its great mental and physical advantage. What is more, one of the problems which has annoyed so many fictional Utopi
18、as would be avoided: There would be none of the degradingly subhuman Epsilons of Huxleys Brave New World to act as a permanent reproach to society, for there is a profound moral difference between breeding sub-men and super-apes, though the end products are much the same. The first would introduce a
19、 form of slavery, but the second would be a biological triumph which could benefit both men and animals.Notes: surrealistic 超现实的。primate 灵长类动物。 gorilla 大猩猩。 baboon 狒狒。chore 杂活。care to do sth. (常用于否定句)( =willing to do or agree to do sth. ) 愿意做某事。trust A with B 把 B 托付给 A. egregious (通常指坏人或坏事) 异乎寻常的，突出
20、的。Home sapiens 人类。finale n. 结局。 Epsilons 奴隶人名。assorted 各色各样的。Utopia 乌托邦，理想主义。（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the ape should be considered for certain jobs A only if it is able to understand scores of words.B which do not require any intelligence at all.C that are not suitable for human hands to
21、 tackle.D which are boring and cannot be tackled with machines.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By “the honest but hairy hero“ (in Para. 3) the author most probably refers toA the human supervisor.B the geneticists as a whole.C the non-human worker.D the man breeding super-apes.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author s
22、tates that a supply of non-human workers for low IQ jobs wouldA substitute them for humans completely.B benefit man mentally and physically.C give rise to the opposition from geneticists.D be a disadvantage to many human workers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the author, breeding super-apes would
23、 beA a problem related to moral standards.B as bad as breeding sub-humans.C introducing a new form of slavery.D an advance in biological studies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author of this article isA merely attempting to be humorous about the future workers.B revealing his high opinion of mankinds pros
24、pect.C expressing his doubts about the possibility of breeding a super-ape.D presenting an applausible theory in a humorous tone.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questi
25、ons. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and wh
26、en there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market.Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated th
27、e consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the over-whelming majority are from multiple earners, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty stat
28、istics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related ha
29、rdship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at s
30、ome time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment t
31、allies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find fulltime work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dr
32、amatic expansion of cash and in kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether
33、 high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debatethat the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences o
34、f labor market problems.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the tollowing does “ labor market problems“ in the first sentenee refer to?A Shortage of jobs providing adequate income.B Deficiencies in the training of the work force.C Trade relationships among producers of goods.D The overall causes of poverty.（分数：2
35、.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that_.A more people were unemployed in the 1930sB social programs are more needed nowC unemployment now has less severe effectsD there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty
36、（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?A hmovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.B A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness an evil greate
37、r than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.C New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.D Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phe
38、nomena that they purport to measure.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The authors purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show thatA there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor forceB unemployment statis
39、tics can underestimate the hardship resulting from joblessnessC recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and can cause hardships for individual workersD a majority of those who are jobless at any one time does not suffer severe hardship（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, one fact
40、or that causes unemployment and earnings figures to over predict the amount of economic hardship is the_.A recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workersB fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wagesC establishment of a system of record keeping tha
41、t makes it possible to compile poverty statisticsD prevalence, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which others are employed（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In most peoples mind, growth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by
42、the size of the Gross National Product (GNP), a measure, supposedly, of growth. Equally axiomatic:, however, is the notion that increased pressure on dwindling natural resources must inevitably lead to a decline in prosperity, especially when accompanied by a growth in population. So, which is corre
43、ct?What growth advocates mean, primarily, when they say growth is necessary for prosperity is that growth is necessary for the smooth functioning of the economic system. In one arena the argument in favor of growth is particularly compelling and that is with regard to the Third World. To argue again
44、st growth, other than population growth, in light of Third World poverty and degradation seems callous. But is it? Could it be that growth, especially the growth of the wealthier countries, has contributed to the impoverishment, not the advancement, of Third World countries? If not, how do we accoun
45、t for the desperate straits these countries find themselves in today after a century of dedication to growth?To see how this might be the case we must look at the impact of growth on Third World countries the reality, not the abstract stages-of-economic-growth theory advocated through rose-colored g
46、lasses by academicians of the developed world. What good is growth to the people of the Third World if it means the conversion of peasant farms into mechanized agribusinesses producing commodities not for local consumption but for export, if it means the stripping of their land of its mineral and ot
47、her natural treasures to the benefit of foreign investors and a handful of their local collaborators, if it means the assumption of a crush ing foreign indebtedness, the proceeds of which goes not into the development of the country but into the purchase of expensive cars and the buying of luxurious
48、 residence in Miami?Admittedly, this is an oversimplification. But the point, I believe, remains valid: that growth in underdeveloped countries cannot simply be judged in the abstract; it must be judged based on the true nature of growth in these societies, on who benefits and who is harmed, on wher
49、e growth is leading these people and where it has left them. When considered in this way, it just might be that in the present context growth is more detrimental to the well-being of the wretched of the earth than beneficial.So, do we need growth for prosperity? Only the adoption of zero growth can provide the answer. But that
