1、中医综合-中医基础理论(五)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The finding comes from research that (1) a high-risk group of 13 girls, aged 10 to 14, who were no
2、t depressed but had mothers who (2) recurrent depression and a low-risk group of 13 girls with no (3) or family history of depression. Both groups were given MRI brain (4) while completing a task that could (5) either reward or punishment. (6) with girls in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk
3、 group had (7) neural responses during both anticipation and receipt of the reward. (8) , the high-risk girls showed no (9) in an area of the brain called the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (背侧前扣带皮质), believed to play a role in (10) past experiences to assist learning. The high-risk girls did hav
4、e greater activation of this brain area (11) receiving punishment, compared with the other girls. The researchers said that this suggests that high-risk girls have easier time (12) information about loss and punishment than information about reward and pleasure. “Considered together with reduced act
5、ivation in the striatal (纹状体的) areas commonly observed (13) reward, it seems that the reward-processing system is critically (14) in daughters who are at elevated risk for depression, (15) they have not yet experienced a depressive (16) ,“ wrote Ian H. Gotlib, of Stanford University, and his colleag
6、ues. “ (17) , longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the anomalous activations (18) in this study during the processing of (19) and losses are associated with the (20) onset of depression,“ they concluded. The study was published in the April of the Archives of General Psychiatry.（分数：1
7、0.00）(1).A embodied B included C concluded D consisted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A experienced B undertook C subjected D experimented（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).a personal B unique C private D single（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A explorations B examinations C detections D scans（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A result from B suppos
8、e to C result in D lead in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A Made B Regarded C Insisted D Compared（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A stronger B weaker C lower D higher（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A Directly B Hardly C Specifically D Initially（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A movement B sign C symbol D activation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A reinfo
9、rcing B improving C weakening D slacking（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A why B when C wherever D whereas（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A processing B counting C employing D implying（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A after B among C with D during（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A repaired B impaired C healed D damaged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).
10、A because B and C hence D although（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A anecdote B time C episode D process（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A Clearly B Skeptically C Nonetheless D However（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A carried B observed C effected D suffered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A criticisms B punishments C rewards D allowances（分数
11、：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A subsequent B inadequate C sequential D frequent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)She was French; he was English; they had just moved to London from Paris. When he found out about her affair, she begged for a reconc
12、iliation. He was more ruthless: the same afternoon, he filed for divorce in France, one of the stingiest jurisdictions in Europe for the non-earning spouse and where adultery affects the courts ruling. Had she filed first in England her conduct would have been irrelevant, and she would have had a go
13、od chance of a large share of the marital assets, and even maintenance for life. International divorce is full of such dramas and anomalies, so the natural response of policymakers is to try to make things simpler and more predictable. But the biggest attempt in recent years to do just that, in a Eu
14、ropean agreement called Rome , has just been shelved. Instead, several EU countries are now pressing ahead with their own harmonisation deal. Many wonder if it will work any better. At issue is the vexed question of which countrys law applies to the break-up of a mixed marriage. The spouses may live
15、 long-term in a third country and be temporarily working in a fourth. The worst way to sort that out is with expensive legal battles in multiple jurisdictions. The main principle at present is that the first court to be approached hears the case. Introduced in 2001, this practice has worked well in
16、preventing international legal battles, but has made couples much more trigger-happy, because the spouse who hesitates in order to save a troubled marriage may lose a huge amount of money. Rome III aimed to remove the incentive to go to court quickly. Instead, courts in any EU country would automati
17、cally apply the local law that had chiefly governed the marriage. This approach is already in force in countries such as the Netherlands. A couple that moved there and sought divorce having spent most of the marriage in France, say, would find a Dutch court dividing assets and handling child custody
18、 according to French law. That works fine among continental European countries where legal systems, based on Roman law, leave little role for precedent or the judges discretion. You can look up the rules on a website and apply them. But it is anathema in places such as England, where the system favo
19、urs a thorough (and often expensive) investigation of the details of each case, and then lets judges decide according to previous cases and English law. Another snag is that what may suit middle-class expatriates in Brussels (who just happened to be the people drafting Rome ) may not suit, for examp
20、le, a mixed marriage that has mainly been based in a country, perhaps not even an EU member, with“ a sharply different divorce law. Swedish politicians dont like the idea that their courts would be asked to enforce marriage laws based on, say, Islamic sharia. The threat of vetoes from Sweden and lik
21、e-minded countries has blocked Rome . But a group of nine countries, led by Spain and France, is going ahead. They are resorting to a provision in EU rules-never before invoked-called “ enhanced co-operation“ This sets a precedent for a “multi-speed“ Europe in which like-minded countries are allowed
22、 to move towards greater integration, rather than seeking a “big-bang“ binding treaty that scoops up the willing and unwilling alike. Some countries worry that using enhanced co-operation will create unmanageable layers of complexity, with EU law replaced by multiple adhoc agreements. The real lesso
23、n may be that Rome III was just too ambitious. A more modest but useful goal would be simply to clarify the factors that determine which court hears a divorce, and then let that court apply its own law. David Hodson, a British expert, proposes an international deal that would start by giving greates
24、t weight to any prenuptial agreement, followed by long-term residency, and then take into account other factors such as nationality. That would then make it easier to end marriages amicably, with mediation and out-of-court agreement, rather than a race to start the beastly business of litigation. （分
25、数：10.00）(1).What does the author try to express by setting out the example in the first paragraph? A Divorce filed in England will be advantageous. B France stipulates rigid laws towards divorce. C In Europe international divorce cases always encounter the problem that which countrys law is applicab
26、le. D International marriages shall be discouraged due to the complexity in divorce affairs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following may possibly be the reason for why several EU countries are now pressing ahead with their own harmonisation deal? A Vetoes from some countries blocked Rome III from
27、 being put into effect. B Citizens in those countries require the government to do so. C Rome was just too ambitious to encompass all the issues that may occur in Europe, thus lacking of feasibility in specific cases. D Differences between civil law system and common law system force this.（分数：2.00）A
28、.B.C.D.(3).What does “trigger-happy“ in the fourth paragraph most probably mean7 A Couples are more inclined to divorce, being detrimental to the matrimonial stability of Europe. B Couples are more inclined to quarrel during the divorce, postponing the settlement of the case. C Couples that fail to
29、divorce would be ashamed into anger, thus pursing extreme ways. D Couples that want to divorce are more inclined to file their case to the courts in the country where they live.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the ultimate problem with Rome according to the author? A It is not passed in all the member c
30、ountries in EU. B Important amendments fail to be applied to make it more applicable. C Its rules are not applicable in all the member countries. D It is too ambitious to encompass all the issues that may occur in Europe, thus lacking of feasibility in specific cases.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According t
31、o the text, what might possibly be a reasonable course in determining which court hears a divorce.9 A Prenuptial agreement-long-term residency-nationality B Long-term residency-birth place-nationality of the party who filed divorce C Prenuptial agreement-nationality-birth place D Court first hears t
32、he case-prenuptial agreement-long-term residency（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As people age and need more help with daily activities, such as bathing or taking medication, moving to a facility that provides some assistance, without sacrificing independence, may be an option. This type of
33、environment, known as assisted living, has emerged in the past two decades as an increasingly available option for housing and long-term care. The growth of assisted living facilities has leveled off in recent years, however, as the economic downturn hampered new construction and occupancy rates. In
34、 2007, there were approximately 38 000 assisted living facilities nationwide, serving about 975000 residents. The overwhelming majority of assisted living residents in the United States are female, according to the National Center for Assisted Living. One of the most common types of facilities that
35、provide assisted living are called continuing care retirement communities, which offer a stepwise approach to care, says Kerry Peck, an elder law attorney based in Chicago. “The concept is you age in place,“ meaning you never have to leave the grounds for housing, he says, “You buy an apartment or c
36、ottage, and then as your health declines, the facility agrees to provide continuing care. Some of the most successful centers have independent living, then assisted living, then a nursing home for acute care. “ But much like deciding whether a nursing home is necessary, the decision to move into an
37、assisted living facility is not an easy one. So what factors should you consider when looking for a place to move to? Mainly, you should think about what activities you or your loved one need help with. People residing in assisted living facilities may need assistance with any number of daily activi
38、ties, such as bathing, dressing, using the bathroom, cooking or eating. About 87 percent of residents need help preparing meals, for example, and 81 percent need help with managing or taking their medications, reports the NCAL. Most residents come from living in private homes or apartments; fewer co
39、me from living with adult children or other family members, from nursing home facilities, retirement or independent living communities, or another assisted living or group home. For some people, however, assisted living may not be an option, mostly for financial reasons. Assisted living facilities c
40、ost an average of $ 34 000 annually in 2009, compared to about $ 74 000 per year for a nursing home, according to research published in January in Health Affairs. How this expense is paid varies. Residents can buy into a facility by paying a large, upfront sum of money, followed by smaller monthly a
41、ssessment fees. Or if the resident opts for a facility where he can rent instead, he would pay monthly for the cost of housing and care. The facilities are also mostly located in areas where home values are higher and people nearby have higher incomes.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph, we learn
42、 that _. A elderly people living in assisted living facilities have to be accompanied all the time B fluctuation of economy can have no much effect on the construction of assisted living facilities C assisted living facilities have been always increasing rapidly D assisted living facilities have bec
43、ome more and more popular in the past 20 years（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is continuing care retirement communities? A It is an assisted living providing a stepwise approach to care. B It makes people never have to leave the grounds for housing. C It provides continuing care as your health declines. D
44、 It offers assistance with any daily activities.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the principle factor people should think over when making a decision to move into an assisted living? A Whether they have enough money. B What activities they need help with. C The distance from their homes. D The living co
45、nditions there.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The facilities are situated in places where _. A residents can buy into a facility by paying a lot of money B residents are rich and there are a lot of aged people C there are retirement and independent living communities D home values are higher and people have h
46、igher incomes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards assisted living is _. A supportive B opposed C objective D subjective（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its a clichebut truethat a huge obstacle to a stronger economic recovery is the lack of confidence in a strong recovery. If con
47、sumers and businesses were more confident, they would be spending, hiring and lending more freely. Instead, were deluged with reports suggesting that, because the recession was so deep, it will take many years to regain anything like the pre-crisis prosperity. Just last week, for example, the McKins
48、ey Global Institute released a study estimating that the country needs 21 million additional jobs by 2020 to reduce the unemployment rate to 5 percent. The study was skeptical that this would happen. Pessimism and slow growth become a vicious cycle.Battered confidence most obviously reflects the fer
49、ocity and shock of the financial collapse and the ensuing recession, including the devastating housing collapse. But theres another, less appreciated cause: disillusion with modern economics. Probably without realizing it, most Americans had accepted the fundamental promises of contemporary economics. These were: First,
