1、同济大学真题 2009年及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The University in Transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrows universi
2、ties by writers representing both Western and non-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet Universitya voluntary commu
3、nity to scholars and teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access
4、for students everywhere to the resources of all the worlds great libraries.Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventual
5、ly come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box“ could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, eff
6、ectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education, that does not
7、 mean greater uniformity in course contentor other dangers will necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if, for instance, instead of receiving primar
8、ily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become “if we believ
9、ed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?“Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrows university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. So
10、me would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors, would function much like todays faculty advisers, but are likely to be working w
11、ith many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidleys view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers, charismatic sages an
12、d practitioners leading groups of students colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as welt as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options
13、. Students may be “enrolled“ in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, betweenor even duringsessions at a real world problem focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through a
14、lternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.（分数：10.00）(1).When the book reviewer dis
15、cusses the Internet University, _.A. he is in favour of it B. his view is balancedC. he is slightly critical of it D. he is strongly critical of it（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet University?A. Internet-based courses may be less costly tha
16、n traditional ones.B. Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.C. Internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content.D. The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the review, what is the fundamental mission of trad
17、itional university education?A. Knowledge learning and career building.B. Learning how to solve existing social problems.C. Researching into solutions to current world problems.D. Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Judging from the three new roles en
18、visioned for tomorrows university faculty, university teachers _.A. are required to conduct more independent researchB. are required to offer more courses to their studentsC. are supposed to assume more demanding dutiesD. are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5)
19、.Which category of writing does the review belong to?A. Narration. B. Description. C. Persuasion. D. Exposition.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Campaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other porti
20、on of the globe. Valley wails rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors clown which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualities seem to harmonize with th
21、eir environment. Except at harvest time, when self-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but
22、with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left
23、 unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slig
24、htest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population.Into this happy world the ni
25、neteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an unmitigated nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen
26、 hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it. One could actually remain in ones own house and fire at ones neighbour nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even vil
27、lages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore offered for these glorious products of science. Riflethieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial influence t
28、hroughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little bett
29、er than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back (which after all was no more than fair), but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding t
30、he tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the “butcher and bolt policy“ to which the Government of India lon
31、g adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so f
32、ar as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of qua
33、rrels took their origin from this source.（分数：10.00）(1).The word debts in “very few debts are left unpaid“ in the first paragraph means _.A. loans B. accounts C. killings D. bargains（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?A. Melting s
34、nows. B. Large population.C. Steep hillsides. D. Fertile valleys.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the Pathans welcomed _.A. the introduction of the rifle B. the spread of British ruleC. the extension of luxuries D. the spread of trade（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Building roads by the British _
35、.A. put an end to a whole series of quarrelsB. prevented the Pathans from carrying on feudsC. lessened the subsidies paid to the PathansD. gave the Pathans a much quieter life（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A suitable title for the passage would be _.A. Campaigning on the Indian FrontierB. Why the Pathans Rese
36、nted the British RuleC. The Popularity of Rifles among the PathansD. The Pathans at War（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ever since its discovery, Pluto has never really fitted in. After the pale and glowing giant Neptune, it is little more than a cosmic dust mite, swept through the fa
37、rthest reaches of the solar system on a planet wildly tilted relative to the rest of the planets. It is smaller than Neptunes largest moon, and the arc of its orbit is so oval that it occasionally crosses its massive blue neighbors path.For years, it has been seen as our solar systems oddest planet.
38、 Yesterday, however, scientists released perhaps the most convincing evidence yet that Pluto, in fact, is not a planet at all. For the first time, astronomers have peered into a belt of rocks beyond Pluto unknown until 10 years agoand found a world that rivals Pluto in size. The scientists posit tha
39、t larger rocks must be out there, perhaps even larger than Pluto, meaning Pluto is more likely the king of this distant realm of space detritus than the tiniest of the nine planets.When discovered in 1930, “Pluto at that point was the only thing (that far) out there, so there was nothing else to cal
40、l it but a planet,“ says Mike Brown, an astronomer at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. “Now it just doesnt fit.“ In one sense, the question of Plutos planetary status is arcane, the province of pocket-protected scientists and sun-deprived pen pushers determined to decide some offi
41、cial designation for a ball of dust and ice 3 billion miles away.Yet it is also unquestionably something more. From science fair dioramas to government funding, planets hold a special place in the public imagination, and how Pluto is eventually seenby kids and Congress alikecould shape what future g
42、enerations learn about this mysterious outpost on the edge of the solar system. The debate has split the astronomical community for decades. Even before the distant band of rocks known as the Kuiper Belt was found, Plutos unusual behavior made it suspicious.Elsewhere, the solar system fit into near
43、families: the rocky inner planets, the asteroid belt, the huge and gaseous outer planets. Pluto, though, was peculiar. With the discovery of the Kuiper Beltcountless bits of rock and ice left unused when the wheel of the solar system first formedPluto suddenly seemed to have cousins. Yet until yeste
44、rday, it held to its planetary distinction because it was far larger than anything located there.The rub now is Quaoar (pronounced KWAH-oar), 1 billion miles beyond Pluto and roughly half as large. Named after the creation force of the tribe that originally inhabited the Los Angeles basin, Quaoar fo
45、recasts problems for the erstwhile ninth planet, says discoverer Dr. Brown: “The case is going to get a lot harder to defend the day somebody finds something larger than Pluto,“To some, the problem is not with Pluto, but the definition of “planet. “In short, there is none. To the Greeks, who coined
46、the term, it meant “wanderer,“ describing the way that the planets moved across the night sky differently from the stars behind them. Today, with our more nuanced understanding of the universe, the word no longer has much scientific meaning.New Yorks Hayden Planetarium caused a commotion two years a
47、go by supposedly demoting Pluto, lumping it with the Kuiper Belt objects in its huge mobile of the solar system. In reality, however, the planetarium was making a much broader statement, says Nell Degrasse Tyson, an astrophysicist there. The textbooks of the future should focus more on families of l
48、ike objects than “planets.“ The discovery of Quaoar strengthens this idea. “Everyone needs to rethink the structure of our solar system,“ he says. “Weve just stopped counting planets.“Still, many are loath to part with the planet Pluto. They note that Pluto, in fact, is distinct from many Kuiper Bel
49、t objects. It has a thin atmosphere, for one. It reflects a great deal of light, while most Kuiper Belt objects are very dark. And unlike all but a handful of known Kuiper Belt objects, it has a moon. “Maybe Pluto, then, should be representative of a new class of planets,“ says Mark Sykes, an astronomer at the University of Arizona in Tucson. “Its the first example, and we are just beginning to find this category./（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Rocks larger than Pluto have been found in the Ku
