1、在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解-试卷 6 及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英文阅读理解题(总题数：4，分数：40.00)People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had
2、 eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea. Erosion (侵蚀) of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but i
3、t has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea
4、. Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, sh
5、ifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened ar
6、eas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home. (282 words)（分数：10.00）(1).What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?（分数：2.00）A.The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens
7、.B.The experts“ lack of knowledge.C.The washing-away of limestone cliffs.D.The rising of the sea level.(2).The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England_.（分数：2.00）A.will soon become a problem for people living in central EnglandB.has now become a threat to the local residentsC.is quickly c
8、hanging the map of EnglandD.can be stopped if proper measures are taken(3).The experts“ study on the problem of erosion can_.（分数：2.00）A.warn people whose homes are in dangerB.provide an effective way to slow it downC.help to prevent it from worseningD.lead to its eventual solution(4).It is not feasi
9、ble to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because_.（分数：2.00）A.the government is too slow in taking actionB.it is too costly and will endanger neighboring areasC.they will be easily knocked down by waves and currentsD.house agents along the coast do not support the idea(5).According to the
10、 author, when buying a house along the south coast of England, people should_.（分数：2.00）A.examine the house carefully before making a decisionB.guard against being cheated by the house agentC.take the quality of the house into considerationD.be aware of the potential danger involvedSport is not only
11、physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indica
12、ted that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for
13、 example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents“ and coaches“ c
14、riticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves. Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today“s youth sp
15、ort setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters“ performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Researc
16、h indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout. (278 words)（分数：10.00）(1).An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is_.（分数：2.00）A.to reduce their menta
17、l stressB.to make sports more challengingC.to make sports less competitiveD.to increase their sense of success(2).According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that_.（分数：2.00）A.it can help them learn more about societyB.it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselvesC.it c
18、an provide them with valuable experiencesD.it enables them to find flaws in themselves(3).Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes_.（分数：2.00）A.in order to make them remember life“s lessonsB.without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidenceC.believing that c
19、riticism is beneficial for their early developmentD.so as to put more pressure on them(4).According to the passage parents and coaches should_.（分数：2.00）A.help children to win every gameB.train children to cope with stressC.enable children to understand the positive aspect of sportsD.pay more attenti
20、on to letting children enjoy sports(5).The author“s purpose in writing the passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.to persuade young children not to worry about criticismB.to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragementC.to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to childrenD.to teach young at
21、hletes how to avoid burnoutHumanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world“ population is expec
22、ted to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis. But that doesn“t have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the worldif we start valuing water more than we have in the past, just as we began to appreciate petroleum more afte
23、r the 1970s oil Crisis. Today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want. Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments sho
24、uld price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs. Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation
25、 (灌溉) water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland. No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather th
26、an spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy. (289 words)（分数：10.00）(1).What is the real cause of the potential water crisis?（分数：2.00）A.The w
27、orld population is increasing faster and faster.B.Half of the world“s water resources have been seriously polluted.C.Only half of the world“s water can be used.D.Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.(2).As indicated in the passage, the water problem_.（分数：2.00）A.is already seri
28、ous in certain parts of the worldB.has been exaggerated by some experts in the fieldC.poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirsD.is underestimated by government organizations at different levels(3).According to the author, the water price should_.（分数：2.00）A.stimulate domestic demand
29、B.be reduced to the minimumC.correspond to its real valueD.take into account the occurrences of droughts(4).The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to_.（分数：2.00）A.build big lakes to store waterB.construct big pumping stationsC.build small and cheap irrigation systemsD.channel
30、water from nearby rivers to cropland(5).In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to_.（分数：2.00）A.increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levelsB.centralize the management of water resourcesC.guarantee full protection of the environmentD.encourage
31、local and regional control of water resourcesDogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will spoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activ
32、ities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the best things you can do for your dog and
33、yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn“t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it
34、to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,“ it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack (群) by using extreme measure. You can teach your d
35、og its subordinate (从属的) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-tra
36、ined dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. (278 words)（分数：10.00）(1).Behavior problems of dogs are believed to_.（分数：2.00）A.be just part of their natureB.worsen in modern societyC.occur when they go wildD.present a threat to the comm
37、unity(2).The primary purpose of obedience training is to_.（分数：2.00）A.teach the dog to perform clever tricksB.make the dog aware of its owner“s authorityC.provide the dog with outlets for its wild behaviorD.enable the dog to regain its normal behavior(3).Effective communication between a dog and its
38、owner is_.（分数：2.00）A.essential to solving the dog“s behavior problemsB.the foundation for dogs to perform tasksC.a good way to teach the dog new tricksD.an extreme measure in obedience training(4).Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?（分数：2.00）A.To avoid being punished.B.To show t
39、heir affection for their masters.C.To win leadership of the dog pack.D.To show their willingness to obey.(5).When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner_.（分数：2.00）A.can give the dog more rewardsB.will enjoy a better family lifeC.can give the dog more freedomD.will have more confi
40、dence in himself在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解-试卷 6 答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英文阅读理解题(总题数：4，分数：40.00)People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnig
41、ht. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea. Erosion (侵蚀) of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been
42、a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by
43、 the hungry sea. Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further alon
44、g the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of th
45、e threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home. (282 words)（分数：10.00）(1).What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?（分数：2.00）A.The disappearance of hotels, hou
46、ses and gardens.B.The experts“ lack of knowledge.C.The washing-away of limestone cliffs. D.The rising of the sea level.解析：解析：本题属于细节推断题。文章第一段谈到主题：生活在英国南海岸的人们发现了令人震惊的事情：一夜之间他们的花园消失得无影无踪。原因是什么呢?原来，海水侵蚀了建筑物下层柔软的石灰石。从四个选项来看，A、B 在文中没有提及，D 是现象而非问题的起因，显然答案为 C。(2).The erosion of the white cliffs in the south
47、 of England_.（分数：2.00）A.will soon become a problem for people living in central EnglandB.has now become a threat to the local residents C.is quickly changing the map of EnglandD.can be stopped if proper measures are taken解析：解析：本题属于综合理解题。第二段第一句直接谈到，在英国南海岸海水侵蚀白色悬崖的问题长期存在，但最近几年变得尤为严重。选项 A 中“central Eng
48、land”与文意不符；选项 C 在文中并未涉及；选项 D 与文意不符，故正确答案为 B。(3).The experts“ study on the problem of erosion can_.（分数：2.00）A.warn people whose homes are in danger B.provide an effective way to slow it downC.help to prevent it from worseningD.lead to its eventual solution解析：解析：本题属于综合归纳题。在文中第二段最后一句谈到，专家对情况最严重的地方进行研究，
49、并且为当地居民画了一幅图，预报在哪一年他们的房子将被海水吞噬。实际上，他们只能提醒人们采取预防措施，并未提出任何实质性的解决办法。故正确答案为 A。(4).It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because_.（分数：2.00）A.the government is too slow in taking actionB.it is too costly and will endanger neighboring areas C.they will be easily knocked down by waves and currentsD.house agents along the coast do not support the idea解析：解析：本题为细节理解题。文中最后一段提到：建筑物的所有者很愤怒，要求政府建造防护墙来保护他们的家园。而政府勘测员则指出这几乎不可能。原因有两点：一是建防护墙耗资巨大(cost hundreds of millions of pounds
