1、BEC 剑桥商务英语(中级)3 及答案解析(总分：12.97，做题时间：149 分钟)一、PART 1 READING （6(总题数：1，分数：1.00)A The difference between being a manager and being a leader is simple. Management is a career. Leadership is a calling. You dont have to be tall, well-spoken and good looking to be a successful leader. You dont have to have
2、 that “special something“ to fulfill the leadership role. B What you have to have is clearly defined convictionsand, more importantly, the courage of your convictions to see them manifest into reality. Only when you understand your role as guide and steward based on your own most deeply held truths
3、can you move from manager to leader. C Whether the group you oversee is called employees, associates, co-workers, teammates or anything else, what they are looking for is someone in whom they can place their trust. Someone they know is working for the greater goodfor them and for the organization. T
4、heyre looking for someone not only that they canbut that they want tofollow. D Because it is only when you have followerspeople who have placed their trust in youthat you know you have moved into that leadership role. And the way you see it is that your organization is transcending all previous qual
5、ity, productivity, innovation and revenue achievements. Youre operating at such a high level of efficiency that youre giving budget back to the corporationand youre still beating your goals. 0. The move from a manager to a leader. (D) （分数：0.98）(1).The authors attitude towards the difference between
6、a manager and a leader（分数：0.14）A.B.C.D.(2).Someone the group want to follow（分数：0.14）A.B.C.D.(3).Difference between a manager and a leader（分数：0.14）A.B.C.D.(4).The qualifications of being a leader（分数：0.14）A.B.C.D.(5).The leader must be a person who works for the employees and the organization（分数：0.14）
7、A.B.C.D.(6).Only when you have followers can you be a leader（分数：0.14）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.(7).Under your leading, the organization has got great achievements（分数：0.14）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.二、SECTION 2 （Questions(总题数：1，分数：1.00)YESTERDAYS IBM IBM was established in the state of New York on June 15, 1911 as the Co
8、mputing-Tabulating-Recording Company. (0) . The U.S. Census Bureau knew its traditional methods of counting would not be adequate for measuring the population, so it sponsored a contest to find a more efficient means of tabulating census data. The winner was Herman Hollerith, whose Punch Card Tabula
9、ting Machine used an electric current to sense holes in punch cards and keep a running total of data. Capitalizing on his success, Hollerith formed the Tabulating Machine Co. in 1896. (8). The combined Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co., or C-T-R, manufactured and sold machinery ranging from commerc
10、ial scales and industrial time recorders to meat and cheese slicers and, of course, tabulators and punch cards. Thomas J. Watson joined the company as general manager in 1914, when the diversified businesses of C-T-R proved difficult to manage. Watson boosted company spirit with employee sports team
11、s, family outings and a company band. He preached a positive outlook, and his favorite slogan was “THANK“. (9). He understood that the success of the client translated into the success of his company, a belief that, years later, manifested itself in the popular saying, “Nobody was ever fired for buy
12、ing from IBM.“ Within 11 months of joining C-T-R, Watson became its president. The company focused on providing large-scale, custom-built tabulating solutions for businesses, leaving the market for small office products to others. During Watsons first four years, revenues doubled to $2 million. He a
13、lso expanded the companys operations to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. (10). During the Great Depression of the 1930s, IBM managed to grow while the rest of the U.S. economy struggled. Watson took care of his employees. (11). While most businesses had shut down, Watson kept his workers b
14、usy producing new machines even while demand was slack. Thanks to the resulting large inventory of equipment, IBM was ready when the Social Security Act of 1935 brought the company a landmark government contract to maintain employment records for 26 million people. It was called “the biggest account
15、ing operation of all time, “ and it went so well that orders from other U.S. government departments quickly followed. IBMs size and success inspired numerous anti-trust actions. A 1952 suit by the Justice Department, settled four years later, forced IBM to sell its tabulating machinesat the time, IB
16、M offered them only through leasesin order to establish a competing, used-machine market. Another federal anti-trust suit dragged on for thirteen years until the Justice Department concluded it was “without merit“ and dropped it in 1982. (12). A. IBM was among the first corporations to provide group
17、 life insurance, survivor benefits and paid vacations. B. IBM is the most prominent casualty of the technology spending freeze, but others are suffering as well. C. In 1911, Holleriths company was merged with two others, Computing Scale Co. , of America and International Time Recording Co. D. But it
18、s origins can be traced back to 1890, when the United States was experiencing waves of immigration. E. IBMs competitors filed 20 anti-trusts during the 1970s and none succeeded. F. In 1924, to reflect C-T-Rs growing worldwide presence, its name was changed to International Business Machine Corp., or
19、 IBM. G. Watson also stressed the importance of the customer, a lasting IBM principle. EXAMPLE：The correct answer for blank (0) is D. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.A.B.C.D.E.F.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.三、SECTION 3 (Question(总题数：1，分数：1.00)THE DIFFICULTIES OF MANAGING A SMALL BUSINESS The organizational weak
20、nesses that entrepreneurs have to deal with every day would cause the managers of a mature company to panic, Andrew Bidden wrote recently in Boston Business Review. This seems to suggest that the leaders of entrepreneurial or small businesses must be unlike other manages, or the problems faced by su
21、ch leaders must be the subject of a specialized body of wisdom, or possibly both. Unfortunately, neither is true. Not much worth reading about managing the entrepreneurial or small business has been written, and the leaders of such businesses are made of flesh and blood, like the rest of us. Further
22、more, little has been done to address the aspects of entrepreneurial or small businesses that are so difficult to deal with and so different from the challenges faced by management in big business. In part this is because those involved in gathering expertise about business and in selling advice to
23、businesses have historically been more interested in the needs of big business. In part, in the UK at least, it is also because small businesses have always preferred to adapt to changing circumstances. The organizational problems of entrepreneurial or small businesses are thus forced upon the indiv
24、iduals who lead them. Even more so than for bigger businesses, the old saying is truethat people, particularly those who make the important decisions, are business most important asset. The research that does exist shows that neither money nor the ability to access more of it is the major factor det
25、ermining growth. The main reason an entrepreneurial business stops growing is the lack of management and leadership resource available to the business when it matters. Give an entrepreneur an experienced, skilled team and he or she will find the funds every time. Getting the team, though, is the dif
26、ficult bit. Part of the problem for entrepreneurs is the speed of change that affects their businesses. They have to cope with continuous change yet have always been suspicious about the latest management solution. They regard the many offerings from business schools as out of date even before they
27、leave the planning board and have little faith in the recommendations of consultants when they arrive in the hands of young, inexperienced graduates. But such impatience with management solutions does not mean that problems can be left to solve themselves. However, the leaders of growing businesses
28、are still left with the problem of who to turn to for advice. The answer is horribly simple: leaders of small businesses can ask each other. The collective knowledge of a group of leaders can prove to be enormously helpful in solving the specific problems of individuals. One leaders problems have ce
29、rtainly been solved already by someone else. There is an organization called KITE which enables those responsible for small businesses to meet. Its members, all of whom are chief executives, go through a demanding selection process, and then join a small group of other chief executives. They come fr
30、om a range of business sectors and each offers a different corporate history. Each group is led by a moderator, an independently selected businessman or woman who has been specially trained to head the group. Each member takes it in turn to host a meeting at his or her business premises and, most im
31、portant of all, group discussions are kept strictly confidential. This encourages a free sharing of problems and increases the possibility of solutions being discovered. （分数：1.02）(1).What does the writer say about entrepreneurs in the first paragraph?（分数：0.17）A.It is wrong to assume that they are di
32、fferent from other managersB.The problems they have to cope with are specific to small businessesC.They find it difficult to attract staffs with sufficient expertiseD.They could learn from the organizational skills of managers in large companies.(2).According to the second paragraph, what has led to
33、 a lack of support for entrepreneurs?（分数：0.17）A.Entrepreneurs have always preferred to act independentlyB.The requirements of big businesses have always taken priorityC.It is difficult to find solutions to the problems faced by entrepreneursD.Entrepreneurs are reluctant to provide information about
34、their businesses.(3).What does the writer say about the expansion of small businesses?（分数：0.17）A.Many small businesses do not produce enough profits to finance growthB.Many employees in small businesses have problems working as part of a teamC.Being able to recruit the right people is the most impor
35、tant factor affecting growthD.Leaders of small businesses lack the experience to make their companies a success.(4).What does the writer say is an additional problem for entrepreneurs in the fourth paragraph?（分数：0.17）A.They rely on management systems that are out of dateB.They will not adopt measure
36、s that provide long-term solutionsC.They have little confidence in the business advice that is availableD.They do not take market changes into account when drawing up business plans.(5).What does the writer say the members of the KITE organization provide?（分数：0.17）A.Advice on how to select suitable
37、staffB.A means of contacting potential clientsC.A simple checklist for analyzing problemsD.Direct experience of a number of industries.(6).The writer says that KITE groups are likely to succeed because_（分数：0.17）A.Members are able to elect their leaderB.The leaders have received extensive trainingC.M
38、embers are encouraged to adopt a critical approachD.Information is not passed on to non-members.四、SECTION 4 (Question(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Robots at Work The newspaper production process has come a (0) way from the old days when the paper was written, edited, typeset and ultimately printed in one building
39、with the journalists working on the upper floors and the printing (19) going on the ground floor. These days the editors, sub-editors and journalists who put the paper together are (20) to find themselves in a totally different building or maybe even in a different city. This is the (21) which now p
40、revails in Sydney. The daily paper is complied at the editorial headquarters, known as the pre-press centre, in the heart of the city but printed far away in the suburbs at the printing centre. Her human beings are in the (22) as much of the work is done by automated machines controlled by computers
41、. (23) the finished newspaper has been created for the next mornings edition, all the pages are (24) electronically from pre-press centre to the printing centre. The system of transmission is an update on the sophisticated page facsimile system already in use on many (25) newspapers. An image-setter
42、 at the printing centre delivers the pages as films. Each page (26) less than one minute to produce, although for color pages four versions are used, one each for black, cyan, magenta and yellow. The pages are then processed into photographic negatives and the film is used to produce aluminum printi
43、ng plates (27) for the presses. A procession of automated vehicles is busy at the new printing centre where the Sydney morning Herald is printed each day. With (28) flashing and warning horns honking, the robots look for all the world like enthusiastic machines from a science-fiction movie, as they
44、follow their random paths around the (29) busily getting on with their jobs. Automation of this kind is now (30) in all modern newspaper plants. The robots can (31) unauthorized personnel and alert (32) staff immediately if they find an intruder and not surprisingly, tall tales are already being tol
45、d about the machines starting to take on (33) of their own. A. short B. far C. near D. long EXAMPLE：The correct answer for blank (0) is D. （分数：1.05）A.pressesB.sessionsC.plansD.schedulesA.sorryB.likelyC.forcedD.expectantA.moodB.sampleC.situationD.environmentA.vastB.plentyC.minorityD.bodyA.OnceB.Befor
46、eC.WhileD.UntilA.playedB.poweredC.broughtD.transmittedA.otherB.anotherC.oneD.everyA.asksB.putsC.managesD.takesA.dealingB.askingC.attractiveD.readyA.tablesB.cardsC.lightsD.wordsA.ceremonyB.plantC.spaceD.officeA.disappearingB.refusedC.seldomD.standardA.detectB.senseC.writeD.doA.recruitingB.securityC.c
47、ompanyD.theirA.familiesB.personalitiesC.functionsD.movements五、SECTION 5 (Question(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Am I Making Any Money? 0 Most people and most businesses are in business to make a profit. At the CORRECT 00 simplest level, profit means making more money than you spend on. Many ON 34 confuse profit wit
48、h income. As a result, they cant grasp it why all their income 35 isnt getting them ahead why no one wants to invest in their high-sales 36 company; why the bank wont extend to their line of credit. Most people are very 37 good at tracking their income. When someone pays for you, that is income. 38
49、Income is usually related to production levels, but is not tied to it directly. You 39 may produce more or less than you sell. For instance, if you have already 100 40 widgets in the warehouse when you receive an order for 150, you only have to 41 produce out 50 additional widgets. If you make widgets for skis, you may make 42 20 widgets every month during the summer even though you dont sell any, just 43 so that you have enough in the warehouse when winter arrives. So income is 44 something when you actually get
