1、大学六级-1131 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.很多银行到学校推销信用卡2有人认为大学生使用信用卡是一种时尚，但有些老师和家长却为此担忧3我的看法Should College Students Use Credit Cards?_（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Should We Ban Human Cloning or Not?The world was stunned by the news in the summer of 1995,
2、 when a British embryologist named Ian Wilmut, and his research team, successfully cloned Dolly the sheep using the technique of nuclear transfer. Replacing the DNA of one sheeps egg with the DNA of another sheeps the team created Dolly. Plants and lower forms of animal life have been successfully c
3、loned for many years, but before Wilmuts announcement, it had been thought by many to be unlikely that such a procedure could be performed on larger mammals and life forms. The world media was immediately filled with heated discussions about the ethical implications of cloning.Some of the most power
4、ful people in the world have felt compelled to act against this threat. President Clinton swiftly imposed a ban on federal funding for human-cloning research. Bills were put in the works in both houses of Congress to outlaw human cloning because it was deemed as a fundamentally evil thing that must
5、be stopped. But what, exactly, is bad about it? From an ethical point of view, it is difficult to see exactly what is wrong with cloning human beings. The people who are afraid of cloning tend to assume that someone would, for example, break into Napoleons Tomb, steal some DNA and make a bunch of em
6、perors. In reality, infertile people who use donated sperm, eggs, or embryos would probably use cloning. Do the potential harms outweigh the benefits of cloning? From what we know now, they dont. Therefore, we should not rush placing a ban on a potentially useful method of helping infertile, genetic
7、ally at-risk, homosexual, or single people to become parents.Do human beings have a right to reproduce? No one has the moral right to tell another person that they should not be able to have children, and I dont see why Bill Clinton has that right either. If humans have a right to reproduce, what ri
8、ght does society have to limit the means? Essentially au reproduction done these days is with medical help at delivery, and even before. Truly natural human reproduction would make pregnancy-related death the number one killer of adult women.Some forms of medical help are more invasive than others.
9、With in vitro (体外的) fertilization, the sperm and egg are combined in a lab and surgically implanted in the womb. Less than two decades ago, a similar concern was raised over the ethical issues involving “test-tube babies“. Today, nearly 30,000 such babies have been born in the United States alone. T
10、his miracle has made many parents happy. So what principle says that one combination of genetic material in a flask is acceptable, but not another?Nature clones people all the time. Approximately one in 1,000 births is an identical twin. However, despite how many or how few individual characteristic
11、s twins have in common, they are still different people. They have their own identities, their own thoughts, and their own rights. They enter different occupations, get different diseases, and have different experiences with marriage, alcohol, community leadership, etc. Twins have different personal
12、ities as would cloned individuals. Even if someone cloned several Napoleons, each would be different and even more unique than twins; the cloned child would be raised in a different setting. Therefore, cloning does not rob individuals of their personality.Perhaps the strongest ethical argument again
13、st cloning is that it could lead to a new, unfamiliar type of family relationship. We have no idea what it would be like to grow up as the child of parents who seem to know you from the inside. Some psychological characteristics may be biologically, or genetically, based. The parent would know in ad
14、vance what crises a cloned teenager could go through and how he or she will respond. Because the parents may understand what the child is going through, to greater degree than most parents, it may produce a good and loving relationship in the long run. On the other hand, most children want to have t
15、heir own space. Simply because a family relationship is new and untried is no reason to automatically condemn it. In the past, many types of family relationships were considered harmful, but later showed to cause no harm to the children. Among these is joint custody after divorce, gay and lesbian pa
16、renting, and interracial adoption. As with adoption, in vitro fertilization, and the use of donor sperm, how the child will react to the news about his or her arrival in this world will depend on how the parents feel about their mode of reproduction. Parents and children may adjust to cloning far mo
17、re easily than we might think, just as it happened with in vitro fertilization.One recurring image in anti-cloning propaganda is of some evil dictator raising an army of cloned warriors. But who is going to raise such an army. Clones start out life as babies. It is much easier to recruit young adult
18、s than to take care of babies for twenty years. Remember that cloning isnt the same as genetic engineering. No one can make another superman and his super powers might have a slim chance of being genetically determined, but nothing is certain.Some might think that cloning is playing God. However, ca
19、n you really say that you know Gods intentions? There is substantial disagreement as to what Gods will is. Armstrong wrote, anyone who has truly proved that God exists, that God isnt only Creator, but Life-giver, Designer, Sustainer, and Ruler over all his creation, knows that the human family began
20、 with one man, and that together with him a wife, miraculously created from his own body and as unique and original a creation as Adam himself, formed the first family. Though Gods miraculous creation of Eve was far from cloning, it is interesting to note in passing that Gods own Word says He used A
21、dams ribphysical bone and tissueto create Eve.Another argument against cloning is that it would only be available to the wealthy and, therefore, would increase social inequality. What else is new? This is the story of American health care. We need a better health care system, not a ban on new techno
22、logies. Hopefully our new president will help us with this problem as well.The U. S. Federal Government should not deem human cloning and cloning research illegal. It may provide a way for completely sterile or homosexual individuals to reproduce, and will probably provide valuable basic research an
23、d possible spin-off technologies related to reproduction and development. Our society has respected general rights to control ones body regarding reproduction, and finally prohibiting it would violate the fundamental freedom of scientific inquiring.Will human cloning be done? Undoubtedly. The techni
24、que used in sheep cloning does not require a highly sophisticated laboratory. Since the United States government does not support research on human cloning, and the United Kingdom, France, and Germany have banned it, the research making cloning possible may take place in Asia, Eastern Europe, or the
25、 East. Much cloning may also take place in secret, and will occur regardless of United States policies. Approximately eighty percent of Americans feel that cloning is wrong. However, the vast majority of people, including those who rail against cloning research, owe their lives to previous medical d
26、iscoveries. Dont let the forces of ignorance and fear turn us away from new types of research.（分数：70.00）(1).Cloning large mammals and life forms had been practiced for many years by the time of Dolly was cloned.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).We should be informed of the potential harm about cloning.（分数：7.00）填空
27、项 1:_(3).Pregnancy-related death is the number one killer of adult women.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).In vitro fertilization is completed in a lab and the fertilized egg is surgically implanted in the womb.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).More than two decades ago, people showed much concern over the ethical issues invol
28、ving “test-tube babies“.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Cloned individuals would have different personalities as do twins.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Many types of family relationships used to be considered harmful, and later confirmed to cause harm to the children.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Compared with cloning human and br
29、inging them up as an army, it would be much cheaper to_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).One argument against cloning is that it would only be a privilege to _ and would lead to social inequality.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Most people, including those who are against cloning research, owe their lives to_.（分数：7.00）填空项
30、1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)A.The man looks very nice in a suit and tie.B.The man does not need to change clothes.C.She likes the sweater the man is wearing.D.She does not think jeans are appropriatA.She will not have time to prepare lunch.B.She has to cancel he
31、r plan to have lunch with the man.C.She does not remember discussing the matter.D.She would rather wait until tomorrow to decidA.Supervisor and student.B.Colleagues.C.Editor and contributor.D.Customer and typist.A.Show the man how to use the copy machine.B.Copy the message for the man.C.Inform the m
32、an about the policy.D.Call the man after she talks to the students.A.The woman likes the view in winter.B.The woman has never been in North China.C.The man should take a winter vacation in North China.D.The man would not enjoy living in North China all year.A.Go to the game by himself.B.Buy a piece
33、of newspaper.C.Read the newspaper to find the result of the game.D.Read the newspaper to find the information about the gamA.He thinks it perfect for him.B.He is satisfied with everything he has.C.He is not satisfied with the place of his office.D.He is not satisfied with the salary he gets.A.She ha
34、s changed her schedule.B.She works less than she used to.C.She is going to ask for a leave on Wednesday.D.She is going to have her vacation on Tuesday.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.A player of background music.B.A researcher on the function of backg
35、round music.C.A composer of background music.D.A fan of background musiA.It makes the workers excited.B.It helps to reduce workers complaint.C.It makes workers spend less time having their dinner.D.It might make the production increasA.The history of background music.B.The function of background mus
36、ic.C.The way background music is played.D.The popularity of background music among workers.A.Fast music promotes the sale of hamburgers.B.Background music is played in prisons to make prisoner educated.C.Background music is sometimes very boring to the workers.D.Background music is usually faster th
37、an any other musiQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Its light-weighted and small.B.It has metal filters.C.It looks like a straw.D.Its large but necessary.A.Salt.B.Chemical pollutants.C.Germs.D.Minerals.A.The water it draws changes color.B.The straw stops
38、 drawing water.C.From the built-in measuring device of it.D.By measuring the amount of water.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Characteristics of big bands swing music.B.The development of bebop.C.The relationship betwee
39、n American music and economy.D.The differences between bebop music and swing musiA.Its a kind of dance music.B.It is with steady rhythm.C.It is slow.D.Some of the rhythms it uses are irregular.A.To save money.B.To avoid the new tax.C.To be more creative.D.To attract more audiences.A.Bebop reflected
40、the state of the American economy.B.Bebop made the performance tax imposed.C.Bebop developed because of the performance tax.D.Bebop suffered from the performance tax.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.They are tidal waves.B.They can be caused by th
41、e fall of an asteroid into the water.C.They can not be detected before they hit land.D.They are harbor waves.A.Tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes.B.Earthquakes of about magnitude 6.75 on the Richter scale will cause tsunamis.C.Nearly 90 percent of underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis.D.N
42、ot all underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis.A.The first wave is often the largest.B.The wave following large volume of water is usually not very long but very tall.C.The wave of tsunamis can spread across the sea in all directions.D.The wave of tsunamis usually travels at a lower speed at the begin
43、ninPassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.His international fame.B.His leading status in the film industry.C.His music style.D.His personality.A.New York.B.Liverpool.C.Los Angeles.D.London.A.He was a modest man.B.He was concentrated on the music.C.He
44、 was cynical about celebrity.D.His solos or little licks could be bummed by everyon六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Alexis de Tocqueville, the French political scientist is most famous for his four-volume book, “Democracy in America“. In 1831, he came to America and after only nine months he wrote a remar
45、kable book which is (36) as a classic. De Tocqueville had unusual powers of observation. He described not only the (37) system of government and how it (38) , but its effect on how Americans think, feel, and act. Many scholars believe he had a deeper understanding of traditional American (39) and va
46、lues than anyone else who has written about the United States. What is so remarkable is that many of these traits which he (40) nearly 200 years ago are still (41) and meaningful today. His observations are also important because the (42) of his visit was the era of the small farmer, the small busin
47、essman, and the settling of the western (43) . He was a neutral observer and saw both the good and bad sides of these qualities.The first part of “Democracy in America“ was published“ in 1835. (44) . He attempted to get a glimpse of the essence of American society, and promote his own philosophy: the equaling of the classes and the inevitable depth of aristocratic privilege. (45) This was substantially more pessimistic than the first, warning of the dangers despotism and governmental centralization. (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
