1、大学六级-171 及答案解析(总分：703.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 目前很多父母在子女高中毕业前就送他们出国学习 2. 形成这种趋势的原因 3. 我对些的看法 BOversea Study at an Early Age/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BThe Next Disaster: Are We Ready?/BBAre We Really Prepared?/BAfter the attacks on September 11 and the hu
2、rricanes that slammed the Gulf Coast last year, youd expect our major cities to be ready with disaster plans that will save lives and property. Theres no doubt well be hit again-maybe even harder because the list of possible calamities(灾难) is long: from a bird flu pandemic to a massive California ea
3、rthquake, to more monster storms, to another terrorist attack.But are we really prepared to protect people, as well as their homes and businesses? Every major urban area has received federal funding, much of it from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), in order to make their cities more secure
4、. But there are no set criteria for measuring preparedness (the feds are working on that), and the quality of disaster plans varies widely throughout the country.So we decided to do an independent assessment of 10 high-risk urban areas, focusing on key security indicators. We analyzed public data, c
5、onsulted with federal and local emergency workers, and contacted the mayors offices to gauge (测量) the readiness of these cities to meet both natural and man-made disasters.Our criteria fell under three main categories: Emergency Readiness, Crisis Communications, and Medical Response.BEmergency Readi
6、ness/BAre there at least 1,000 first responders (such as police, fire and EMTs) per 100,000 residents? Theyre our first line of protection in almost any disaster situationprofessionals who are trained to handle everything from rescuing victims to providing first aid, to enforcing quarantines(封锁), to
7、 directing traffic for evacuations(疏散).Are there federal search-and-rescue teams based within 50 miles? Large cities often have specialized teams to deal with such things as high-rise-building rescues or hazardous chemical spills. But these squads are sometimes small, ill-equipped, or nm on a shoest
8、ring. This is not true of federal urban search-and-rescue task forces that the DHS supports across the country. Each task force is made of 62 members and 4 canines, as well as a “comprehensive cache“ of equipment. DHS task forces are not automatically assigned; a city needs to apply and present its
9、case.Has the city or state earned “green status“ from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention? Suppose that in the midst of a flu pandemic or bio terror attack, your city ran low on critical medicines. The CDC stands ready to help by distributing drugs and medical equipment from its Strategic
10、 National Stockpile. But the agency wants to know that a city or state is able to quickly mobilize hundreds of health workers and volunteers trained to handle the logistics, and has space set aside for storage and refrigeration. Youre best off if your city has earned the CDCs “green status“ even if
11、the state itself has not-because it means local health teams can handle the supplies on their own.Does the city website explain clearly what to do in case of evacuation? Who can forget the images of stranded New Orleans residents, or the 5-mph crawl out of Houston? It turned out that New Orleanss ev
12、acuation plans were both inadequate and poorly communicated. One way cities can avoid a similar nightmare is to put clear and easy-to-find evacuation information on their websites. Some cities, such as Boston and Washington, post the preferred street routes. Others, like Las Vegas, wont disclose det
13、ails due to security fears, but their websites may provide ways to quickly get evacuation details when you need them (such as numbers to call or alert services you can sign up for). Among the more important things to address are people without vehicles of their own (a huge failing in New Orleans) an
14、d instructions for pet owners.Does the website include details for residents with special needs? In July 1995, a vicious heat wave killed nearly 500 people in Chicago; a disproportionate number of them were older residents who lived alone. In any crisis, the elderly and disabled can be uniquely vuln
15、erable. Thats why cities such as Houston are creating registries of residents who would need special help. Such lists would indicate, for instance, that a certain person in a certain apartment building is wheel-chair-bound. Other cities are instructing people with disabilities to call 911 for assist
16、ance-though this relies on phone systems that could be overloaded or go dead. If a citys disaster planning shows no awareness of special-needs people, it isnt complete.BCrisis Communications/BCan first responderspolice, fire and medical-talk to one another? On September 11, firefighters died inside
17、the World Trade Center because they could not make contact with police helicopters trying to radio warnings. Incompatible communications is a country-wide problem, and converting or replacing decades-old radio systems can be a long, expensive process. Cities have gotten a big boost if theyve taken p
18、art in RapidCom, a DHS program providing technical assistance and training that speeds up the transition.Has the city adopted E911? Many cities have upgraded their 911 call centers in recent years, but theyre even better prepared if theyve incorporated “E911“ (or “enhanced 911“). This technology ena
19、bles emergency operators to identify the precise location of cell-phone callers through GPS systems, If you wind up stranded in floodwaters, E911 could save your life.Does the city provide 24-honr emergency alerts? What if an evacuation order goes out, but its 3 a.m. and youre sound asleep? Not a pr
20、oblem if your city has a way of alerting you at any time of day. Some rely on street sirens (警报器) to do the trick. Others have used their websites to invite residents to sign up for e-mail notifications or automated phone calls in an emergency.BMedical Response/BAre there at least 500 hospital beds
21、for every 100,000 residents? Getting to victims quickly is a critical first step. But youd better have a place to take them for treatment. A reasonable standard, according to preparedness experts, is 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 people-a ratio that would likely mean a city could find enough s
22、pare beds in an emergency. Of course, beds alone wont help a massive number of burn victims or people suffering from chemical exposure unless the hospital is prepared to treat them. But all the cities in our survey have specialty units in their hospitals that can handle suchAre local teams trained t
23、o respond quickly and work together? If an urban area was targeted by weapons of mass destruction, city health officials couldnt just wait for federal help to arrive. First responders and hospitals would need to react right away. They could also need medical volunteers-say, to help vaccinate people
24、or distribute medicines and supplies. How to ensure that all these professionals and volunteers work together as seamlessly as possible? If a city is part of DHSs Metropolitan Medical Response System, it has obtained federal assistance in developing plans, and has received critical training and equi
25、pment.Are there labs nearby that specialize in biological and chemical threats? The CDC is on the cutting edge with its, Laboratory Response Network-integrated labs nationwide that have the equipment and expertise to quickly identify pathogens and toxic chemicals. An LRN lab in Florida was the first
26、 to detect anthrax (炭疽热) in terrorist mailings in 2001. Laboratories can be members only if they have highly trained staff and exceptional facilities, as well as a track record of testing accuracy. A handful of LRN labs qualify as “Level 1“, meaning they can test for chemical poisons such as mustard
27、 and nerve agents.（分数：70.00）(1).A bird flu, a massive earthquake, a monster storm and a terrorist attack are all threats to major cities in the U.S.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).The author does an assessment of all high-risk urban areas in the U.S.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Policemen, firemen and emergency doctors a
28、ll can be called first responders.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Each federal urban search-and-rescue task force is made up of at least 60 members.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).If a city has earned the CDCs “green status“, it means that its local health teams can _ on their own.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).You can get evacuation
29、 details through the ways provided by the website of Las Vegas though it doesnt disclose the details due to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Incompatible communications is a country-wide problem in the U.S. because of the _ which should be converted or replaced.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Emergency operators can ident
30、ify the precise location of cell-phone callers through GPS systems with the use of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to preparedness experts, if a city has at least 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 residents, it could find _ in an emergency.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).As a part of DHSs Metropolitan Medica
31、l Response System, a city can obtain _ in developing plans.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：56.00）A.80.B.60.C.90.D.15.A.He loves his present work.B.He is going to open a store.C.He is about to retire.D.He wor
32、ks in a repair shop.A.Mary is going to Hawaii.B.Mary has been to many countries.C.Mary likes postcards.D.Mary is traveling on business.A.To save the money for a long time.B.To buy a new car.C.To purchase a used car.D.To get a second car.A.Delivery service manager and driver.B.Teacher and student.C.L
33、awyer and client.D.Doctor and patient.A.New shopping centers are very common.B.The shopping center is very old.C.The city needs more shopping centers.D.The old house should be turned into stores.A.They are having a party.B.They are playing the piano.C.Someone else is having a party.D.Someone else is
34、 funny.A.She was hurt by the man.B.She lost her temper.C.She didnt speak to her husband.D.She missed the dinner party.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Computer sales negotiations.B.A preliminary interview.C.An Internet seminar meeting.D.Computer games.
35、A.He managed the sales department.B.He gave seminars on the Internet.C.He worked as a custodian.D.He designed software.A.A web page authoring program.B.A kind of beverage.C.A computer game.D.A kind of software.A.She will call Mr. Taylor in the next few days.B.She will talk over their discussion with
36、 others.C.She will ask her colleagues to call Mr. Taylor.D.She will not contact him for further consideration.BQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Raising money.B.Gathering support from others.C.Giving speeches.D.Choosing the official candidate for each
37、 political party.A.Interviews.B.Television ads.C.Playing with children.D.Speeches.A.There are several small parties in the U.S.B.There are only two parties in the U.S.C.The most powerful party in the U.S. is the Democrats.D.The most powerful party in the U.S. is the Republicans.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，
38、分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.British.B.Americans.C.Germans.D.Japanese.A.Entirely effective.B.Totally incorrect.C.A complete failure.D.Quite difficult.A.Have a greater sense of duty.B.Can get higher pay.C.Can avoid working hard.D.C
39、an avoid busy traffic.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.A housewife.B.A singer.C.A teacher.D.A musician.A.The violin was too heavy for her.B.She was too young to play the violin.C.The violin was too expensive.D.Her mother wanted her to play the
40、 piano.A.To play the violin on a concert.B.To go to New York City.C.To apply for a scholarship.D.To have her performance taped.A.In 1928.B.In 1982.C.In 1980.D.In 1920.BPassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Winter in Alaska.B.The brave Alaskan peop
41、le.C.Alaskan transportation today.D.A dog sled race.A.Every year in March.B.Every other year.C.From two to three weeks.D.The winter of 1925.A.Winning.B.Finding gold.C.Just to finish.D.Being able to participate.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Many workers depend on plans U(36) /U by their employers to
42、help pay for their retirement. There are two major kinds of retirement plans. One is defined by what is paid out, the other by what is paid in.The first is called a defined U(37) /U plan, or pension. It provides set U(38) /U based on the number of years an U(39) /U has worked. These plans often pay
43、for health care and other costs. They might also provide money to family members when the U(40) /U dies.Pensions, however, can be a big cost to employers. In the United States, the change from a U(41) /U economy to a service economy has resulted in fewer and fewer U(42) /U plans.The other major kind
44、 of retirement plan is called a defined U(43) /U plan. Two things define how much a worker will get at retirement. U(44) /UOne popular version is a four-oh-one-k plan, named after a part of the tax law. U(45) /UBut some plans are very complex. An easier way for small employers to offer retirement sa
45、vings is through a Savings Incentive Match Plan. U(46) /U（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)By the mid-nineteenth century, the term “icebox“ had entered the American language, but ice was still only begi
46、nning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns (酒馆), and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh moat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War( 1861-1865 ), as ice was used to
47、refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modem fridge, had been invented.Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge o
