1、大学六级-921 及答案解析(总分：667.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.虚假广告泛滥2. 虚假广告的危害3. 如何杜绝虚假广告False Advertisements_ _（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)Why Winners Win atThe new science of triumph in sports, business, and life.As a quickly rising new star in professional tennis, Andre
2、 Agassi had undergone bitter failure by the early 1990s,losing games again and again. Things have changed since he hired the coach, Brad Gilbert. Gilbert criticized him for trying to play with perfection. Instead of risking a killer shot on every point, why not keep the ball in play and give the oth
3、er guy a chance to lose? Gilbert told Agassi “Its all about your head. With your talent, if youre fifty percent game-wise, but ninety-five percent head-wise, youre going to win.“ Since that, Agassi began to pull out wins in matches that the old Agassi would have lost and got No.1 ranking at last. Be
4、cause he had learned how to win.What is it that separates winners from losers? The proper answer is that, in sports at least, winners simply have certain things that mortals dont, such as better physical conditions. But fitness doesnt tell the full story.“ There are more players that have the talent
5、 to be the best in the world than there are winners,“ says Timothy Gallwey, the author of several books about the mental side of tennis, golf, and other pursuits. “One way of looking at it is that winners get in their own way less. They interfere with the raw expression of talent less. And to do tha
6、t, first they win the war against fear, against doubt, against insecurity-which are no minor victories. “Defined that way, winning becomes translatable into areas beyond the physical: chess, spelling bees, the corporate world, even combat. The breadth of our definition for winning means that there i
7、s no single gene for victory across all fields. But neuroscientists(神经科学家) ,psychologists, and other researchers are beginning to better understand the highly interdisciplinary concept of winning, finding surprising links between brain chemistry, social theory, and even economics, which together giv
8、e new insight into why some people come out on top again and again.One area relating to winning is being disrupted. Scientists have long thought that dominance is largely determined by testosterone(睾丸激素); the more you have, the more likely you are to prevail. and not just on the playing field.Last A
9、ugust, though, researchers at the University of Texas and Columbia found that testosterone is helpful only when regulated by small amounts of another hormone called cortisol(皮质醇).Across Columbias campus, professors at the business school are putting this dominance science into practice, collecting s
10、aliva (唾液) samples from M. B. A. students to measure both hormones. Each subject is then given a prescription to get the two steroids(类固醇)into ideal balance. The ideal leader, says Prof. Paul Ingram, is “calm, but with an urge towards dominance.“ Its true for both men and women, and in theory it all
11、 adds up to winning a contract, winning a promotion, winning the quarter.New science like this illuminates winners of the past. Its a glance inside the blood stream of perhaps the most thrilling competitor to ever destroy his opponents at a task: Bobby Fischer, the chess champion.“ For Fischer, ther
12、e was a cruel desire to beat his opponent,“ says Liz Garbus, the director of the new documentary Bobby Fischer Against the World.“Bobby took delight in how he made his opponent ill. “ Before his legendary final match with the Russian player Boris Spassky in Iceland in 1972,which would determine the
13、worlds No.1 player, Fischer underwent extensive weight and endurance training; he told a strength coach that he wanted to physically break Spasskys hand the first time they shook. As the match approached, Fischer hesitated and would not show up, issuing increasingly bizarre demands and irritating hi
14、s foe before play had even begun.With the world watching, he did eventually arrive in Reykjavik (雷克雅未克=冰岛首都),and with the match tied 2 to 2,Fischer changed the move that he always opened with, which was the only structure Spassky had prepared for, and in this unfamiliar territory the Russian was hel
15、pless. Fischer followed with further aggression, Spassky never recovered. He managed just one win in the next 15 games, and Fischer and his mind and the testosterone-cortisol cocktail within were No.1 in the world.Whats better than winning? Doing it while someone else loses. An economist at the Univ
16、ersity of Bonn has shown that test subjects who receive a given reward for a task enjoy it significantly more if other subjects fail or do worse-a finding that overthrew traditional economic theories that absolute reward is a persons central motivation.Neuroeconomic studies often involve the dopamin
17、e(多巴胺)system, a part of the brain that is highly involved with rewards and reward anticipation. Dopamine receptors seem to track possibilities and how expected or unexpected they are. For fans, it helps to explain why a win by a No.1 seed over an unranked challenger is no big deal, while weak-side w
18、inners like the 1980 U.S. Olympic hockey team are so exciting.A similar kind of expectation management occurs in the minds of athletes themselves, says Scott Huettel, the director of Duke Universitys Center for Neuroeconomic Studies. If you ranked an Olympic events three medalists by happiness, the
19、athlete winning gold obviously comes first. Whats fascinating, Huettel says, is that the bronze medalist is second-most delighted, and the silver finisher is most frustrated. “Peoples brains are constantly comparing what happened with what could have happened,“ he says.“ A bronze medalist might say,
20、 Wow, I almost didnt get a medal. Its great to be on the stand!” And the silver medalist is just thinking about all the mistakes he made that prevented him from winning gold.“All countries love winning, of course. But America, a nation born through victory on the battlefield, has a special relations
21、hip with the practice. “When you here, every one of you, were kids, you all admired the fastest runner, the toughest boxer, the big-league ballplayers, and the All-American football players.“ General George S. Patton once told a gathering of U.S. Army troops in England.“ Americans love a winner,“ Pa
22、tton said loudly. “Americans will not tolerate a loser.“ The next day was June 6,1944,D-Day,and these were the men who would invade Normandy. We know where that one goes in the win-loss column.But why do we admire winners-and put so much of our own happiness at risk when watching them compete? At so
23、me level of the brain, we think we are the guys in the competition. On Nov. 4.2008,the night of the most recent presidential election, neuroscientists at Duke and the University of Michigan gave a group of voters some chewing gum. They collected samples at 8 p.m. ,as the polls closed, and again at 1
24、1:30,as Barack Obama was announced the winner. Testosterone levels normally drop around that time of night, but not among Obama supporters-while testosterone declined in gum taken from the men who had voted for John McCain.Vicarious(感同身受的) participation, the scientists concluded， mirrors what happen
25、s to the principal competitors themselves; the same thing happens in men who watch football and basketball-and, it follows, any other fiercely fought contest, from Andre Agassis greatest matches to Bobby Fischers run at the Russians. Why do Americans love a winner? Because it lets us love ourselves.
26、（分数：49.00）(1).Gilberts criticism for Agassi was that_.（分数：7.00）A.he didnt try his best to play tennisB.he gave his opponent too many chancesC.he didnt master the basic techniquesD.he always tried to play perfectly(2).People usually think that in sports. something like _differentiates winners from lo
27、sers.（分数：7.00）A.excellent skillsB.better physical conditionsC.passionate moodD.terrific natural talents(3).What do the players need to do first in order not to hinder their raw expression of talent?（分数：7.00）A.They need to take as much exercise as possible.B.They need to follow the coachs guidance ex
28、actly.C.They need to overcome fear, doubt and insecurity.D.They need to maintain a good mood in the court.(4).What did Fischer do to annoy hrs opponent before their final match even began?（分数：7.00）A.He hesitated and raised many unreasonable demands.B.He made negative remarks on his foe.C.He underwen
29、t much endurance exercise.D.He hurt his foes hand when they shook.(5).When Fischer got tied with Spassky in the match, what did he do to defeat Spassky?（分数：7.00）A.He wore a new tie.B.He altered his usual opening move.C.He kept smiling in the match.D.He hired a new coach.(6).An economist at the Unive
30、rsity of Bonn finds in his test that_.（分数：7.00）A.peoples central motivation is absolute rewardB.people dont care about rewards but about the feelingsC.winners are not happy if his partners failD.winners enjoy his victory more if others fail(7).According to Huettel, in an Olympic event, the least hap
31、py one is _after the game.（分数：7.00）A.the athlete taking the fourth placeB.the bronze finisherC.the silver medalistD.the athlete winning the gold medal2.General George S. Patton once made a speech to encourage his Army to achieve greater success before the day they 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.When the presid
32、ential election had just ended, the testosterone level of the supporters for John McCain 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.The phenomenon that the same thing happens in men who watch the games as in the players is called 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)A.She agrees
33、 with the man.B.The man missed the last study session.C.She didnt understand the last chemistry class.D.The man should be more serious about his studies.A.Its too late to buy the morning newspaper.B.He doesnt want to go to the concert.C.The box office is closed today.D.All of the tickets have been s
34、old out.A.Take the medicine as she was directed to do.B.Schedule another appointment with her doctor.C.Stop taking the medicine.D.Rest her back for a few days.A.Decide which movie to see.B.Order his food quickly.C.Go to a latter movie.D.Go to a different movie.A.She didnt get the mans massages.B.The
35、re is something wrong with her e-mail.C.She forgot to call the man.D.She couldnt remember the mans phone number.A.She has already started working on her research project.B.She cant decide which to choose about the research topic.C.She would like to discuss her research with the man.D.She has to chan
36、ge the subject of her research.A.He forgot to bring his jacket.B.He had no more clothes to wear.C.He didnt know whether it would be cold.D.He didnt have time to look for his jacket.A.She fell asleep before the program ended.B.She especially enjoyed the end of the program.C.She missed the beginning o
37、f the program.D.She wishes she had gone to sleep earlier.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.An experiment in Antarctica.B.The breaking-off of the Larsen Ice Shelf.C.The formation of the Larsen Ice Shelf.D.An expedition to Antarctica.A.They could be a sig
38、n of global warming.B.They are disturbing Antarctic bird habitats.C.They have destroyed research facilities.D.They contradict current scientific theories.A.No melting has been observed recently.B.The past several winters have been unusually severe.C.Nothing unusual has happened in other parts of Ant
39、arctica.D.The ice shelf has remained intact despite the weather changes.A.They can accelerate the speed of the wind.B.They make the continent a pleasant place for humans.C.They cool the wind and thus slow down melting.D.They cool the weather and freeze all the water.Questions 23 to 25 are based on t
40、he conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Take a cosmetic surgery and go hunting.B.Have an advertisement survey there.C.Go to fulfill an important appointment.D.Visit some of her friends and clients there.A.She wants to change her image in life.B.She is going to look for another job.C.She want
41、s to look young to be competitive.D.She wants to keep healthy and stay happy.A.Exciting.B.Interesting.C.Frightening.D.Fantastic.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Some precious metals.B.Silver and gold.C.Various expensive
42、 metals.D.Some inexpensive metals.A.They are circulated in different markets.B.They are issued in different face values.C.They have different commodity value.D.They are used by various people.A.They wanted to reserve some gold and silver.B.There was neither enough gold nor enough silver.C.New coins
43、were easier to be made.D.They could make a profit.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard（分数：28.00）A.During their employment.B.When they have found a job.C.During their childhood.D.When they are in college.A.To choose some courses for their children.B.To help their
44、 children read online.C.To tell children to work hard.D.To show respect to childrens interest.A.To develop their own hobbies.B.To understand their future career.C.To know something about the media.D.To make their own friends.A.Whether the program is good for the children.B.Whether the show is intere
45、sting.C.Whether the show is related to parenting.D.Whether the children like this channel.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard（分数：21.00）A.The need to exercise the memory.B.How the brain differs from other body tissues.C.The unconscious learning of a physical a
46、ctivity.D.How nerves control body movement.A.Repeat it aloud.B.Write it down.C.Make a mental picture of it.D.Practice recalling it.A.Ask questions about the memories.B.Give an example of active learning.C.Explain recent research on memories.D.Make assignments about memories.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.0
47、0)Abraham Maslow asserts that all human have basic needs and that these needs can be arranged in a hierarchy, that is, people dont (36) themselves with higher-level needs until lower-level needs are satisfied. Maslow termed the two levels of needs at the bottom of the hierarchy physiological(生理的) ne
48、eds and safety needs. Peoples physiological needs are for air, water, and food. Their safety needs are for security and (37) . Maslow called these two levels survival needs; satisfaction of these needs is necessary for basic human (38) .Once survival needs are (39) ,the higher-level needs which are
49、called psychological needs-the need to belong, the need for esteem, and the need for self-actualization-become (40) important. These needs may affect peoples group memberships throughout their lives.Once people have satisfied their basic survival, physiological and safety needs, they turn their (41) to
