1、大学四级-22 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.现在邻居之间的交往和了解越来越少 2. 造成这种现象的原因 3. 我的观点 Good Neighborhood _（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Directions: In this part ,you will have 15 minutes to go over/he passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For q
2、uestions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . For questions 8-I0, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Theres No Place Like HomeOn almost any night of the week, Churchills Restaurant is hopping. The 10-year-old hot spot in Roekvil
3、le Centre, Long Island, is packed with locals drinking beer and eating burgers, with some customers spilling over onto the street. “We have lots of regulars-people who are recognized when they come in,“ says co-owner Kevin Culhane. In act, regulars make up more than 80 percent of the restaurants cus
4、tomers. “People feel comfortable and safe here,“Culhane says. “This is their place. “Thriving neighborhood restaurants are one small data point in a larger trend I call the new localism (乡土偏爱) . The basic premise: the longer people stay in their homes and communities, the more they identify with tho
5、se places, and the greater their commitment to helping local businesses and institutions thrive, even in a downturn. Several factors are driving this process, including an aging population, suburbanization, the Internet, and an increased focus on family life. And even as the recession has begun to y
6、ield to recovery, our commitment to our local roots is only going to grow more profound. Evident before the recession,the new localism will shape how we live and work in the coming decades, and may even influence the course of our future politics.Perhaps nothing wilt be as surprising about 21st-cent
7、ury America as its settledness. For more than a generation Americans have believed that “spatial mobility“ would increase, and, as it did, feed a trend toward rootlessness and anomie(混乱) . This vision of social disintegration was perhaps best described in Vance Packards 1972 bestseller A Nation of S
8、trangers ,with its vision of America becoming “a society coming apart at the seams(接缝) . “Yet in reality Americans actually are becoming less mobile. As recently as the 1970s as many as one in five people moved annually; by 2006, long before the current recession took hold, that number was 14 percen
9、t, the lowest rate since the census starting following movement in 1940. Since then tougher times have accelerated these trends,in large part because opportunities to sell houses and find new employment have dried up. In 2008, the totat number of people changing residences was less than those who di
10、d so in 1962, when the country had 120 million fewer people. The stay-at-home trend appears particularly strong among aging boomers, who are largely giving up Sunbelt retirement flats to stay chained to their suburban homes-close to family, friends, clubs, churches, and familiar surroundings.The tre
11、nd will not bring back the corner grocery stores and the declining organizations-bowling leagues, Boy Scouts, and such-cited by Putnam and others as the traditional glue of American communities. Nor will our car-oriented suburbs replicate the dose neighborhood feel so celebrated by romantic urbanist
12、s like the late Jane Jacobs. Instead, were evolving in ways consistent with a postindustrial society. It will not spell the failure of Wal-Mart or Costco, but will express itself in scores of alternative institutions, such as thriving local weekly newspapers, a niche that has withstood the shift to
13、the Internet far better than big-city dailies.Our less mobile nature is already reshaping the corporate world. The kind of corporate nomadism (流浪) described in Peter Kilborns recent book, Next Stop, Reloville: Life Inside Americas Rootless Professional Class, in which families relocate every couple
14、of years so the breadwinner can reach the next rung(梯级) on the managerial ladder, will become less common in years ahead. A smaller cadre of corporate executives may still move from place to place, but surveys reveal many executives are now unwilling to move even for a good promotion. Why? Family an
15、d technology are two key factors working against nomadism,in the workplace and elsewhere.Family, as one Pew researcher notes,“outweighs money when people make decisions about where to live. “ Interdependence is replacing independence. More parents are helping their children financially well into the
16、ir 30s and 40s; the numbers of “boomerang kids“ moving back home with their parents,has also been growing as job options and the ability to buy houses has decreased for the young. Recent surveys of the emerging millennial generation suggest this family-centric focus will last well into the coming de
17、cades.Nothing allows for geographic choice more than the ability to work at home. By 2015, suggests demographer Wendell Cox, there will be more people working electronically at home full time than taking mass transit, making it the largest potential source of energy savings on transportation. In the
18、 San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles, almost one in 10 workers is a part-time telecommuter. Some studies indicate that more than one quarter of the U. S. workforce could eventually participate in this new work pattern. Even IBM, whose initials were once jokingly said to stand for “Ive Been Moved,
19、 has changed its approach. Roughly 40 percent of the companys workers now labor at home or remotely from a clients location.These home-based workers become critical to the localist economy. They will eat in local restaurants, attend fairs and festivals, take their kids to soccer practices, ballet l
20、essons, or religious youth-group meetings. This is not merely a suburban phenomenon; localism also means a stronger sense of identity for urban neighborhoods as well as smaller towns.Could the new localism also affect our future politics? Ever greater concentration of power in Washington may now be
21、all the rage as the federal government intervenes, though often ineffectively, to revive the economy. But throughout our history,we have always preferred our politics more on the home- cooked side. On his visit to America in the early 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville was struck by the distributing natur
22、e of the country. “The intelligence and the power are dispersed abroad,“ he wrote,“and instead of radiating from a point,they cross each other in every direction. “This is much the same today. The majority of Americans still live in a patchwork of smaller towns, and cities, including many suburban t
23、owns within large metropolitan regions. There are well over 65,000 general-purpose governments, and with so many “small towns,“ the average local jurisdiction (管辖权) population in the United States is 6,200, small enough toallow nonprofessional politicians to have a serious impact.After decades of fr
24、antic (狂热的) mobility and homogenization (同化) , we are seeing a return to placeness, along with more choices for individuals, families, and communities.（分数：70.00）(1).Who are the majority of regular customers in Churchills Restaurant? A. Local residents. B. Migrant workers. C. Telecommuters. D. Immigr
25、ants.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What was Vance Packards 1972 bestseller about? A. The settledness of Americans. B. The economic recession. C. The rootlessness of Americans. D. The new localism.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Whats the main reason for Americans becoming less mobile after 2006? A. More Americans are w
26、orking at home. B. Americans have realized the harm of spatial mobility. C. Its hard to sell houses and find new jobs. D. The stay-at-homes dont want to change residences at all.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What will the stay-at-home trend bring according to the passage? A. The back of the corner grocery st
27、ores. B. Car-oriented suburbs. C. Failure of Wal-Mart or Costco. D. Thriving local weekly newspapers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to Peter Kilborn, families of Americas professional class relocate every couple of years so that _ A. the breadwinner can get a promotion B. the children can have a dif
28、ferent education C. the family can travel across the country D. they can have more neighbors and friends（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).According to the Pew research, what plays a more important role when people decide where to live? A. Family. B. Salary. C. Promotion. D. Independence.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Wend
29、ell Cox suggests that the largest potential source of energy saving on transportation will be _ A. more people working electronically at home B. more people staying glued to their community C. more people working at the local organizations D. more people taking carpooling together（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8
30、).Locaiism associates with a stronger sense of _ for urban neighborhoods and smaller towns.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Alexis de Tocqueville was once shocked by the _ nature of America.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).After decades of spatial mobility,Americans are witnessing _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：
31、0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：4，分数：105.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each questio
32、n there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) ,B) , C) and D) ,and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.（分数：35.00）(1). A. It is sent to be painted. B. It is sent to be renewed
33、 C. It is lent to a friend. D. It is parked outside.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Read a gas meter. B. Start a car. C. Pump gas for his car. D. Cook some food.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Have a late dinner after the class. B. Have dinner during the break. C. Skip dinner to keep figure. D. Bring the man som
34、ething to eat.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. It is wanted by many people. B. It still has some candy left over. C. It isnt working right now. D. It is moved out of the hall.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. Disappointed. B. Surprised. C. Nervous. D. Uninterested.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1). A. He is expecting g
35、ood weather. B. Hell need a change of clothes for the picnic. C. Hes not looking forward to attending the picnic. D. Hes looking for a new place to hold the picnic.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. The berries are near to birds. B. The berries arent ripe yet. C. The berries arent good to eat. D. The berries
36、are eaten by birds.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. He has no time to go to the gym. B. He is not interested in going there. C. He is eager to see the new gym. D. He knows the gym hasnt been finished.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Conversation OneQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：2
37、8.00）(1). A. Money. B. Hamburgers. C. Toys. D. Candies.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. High salary. B. Free food. C. Good environment. D. Free accommodation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. She made lots of mistakes. B. She was too old for the job. C. She found a better position. D. She kept back her real age.（分数：
38、7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. One has to work despite terrible weather. B. One has to walk through the heavy traffic. C. It usually provides a low salary. D. Throwing newspapers is tiring.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Conversation Two Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A.
39、 She doesnt like the noisy diners there. B. She doesnt feel like washing dishes. C. She doesnt like the surroundings there. D. She lives far away from restaurant.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. It isnt as recyclable as water. B. It isnt as clean as water. C. It produces solid waste. D. It produces more smo
40、ke.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Convenient location. B. Diverse menu. C. Friendly waiters. D. Fair price.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question
41、s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just h
42、eard. （分数：28.00）(1). A. He would do things at his own will. B. He couldnt get enough food. C. He often fought with smaller kids. D. He was fascinated with trains.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. He was very homesick. B. He wanted to find more food. C. He didnt like to live with others. D. He was threatened
43、by his fellows.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. His school education. B. His families support. C. His difficult experience. D. His fellow wanderers help.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. It was true to life. B. It was funny. C. It was fresh. D. It was exaggerating.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are
44、based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. Constructing employees working life in a creative way. B. Constructing the working office in a convenient way. C. Constructing the management position to motivate employees. D. Constructing the employees makeup to boost the productivity.（分数
45、7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. They have a larger family to support. B. They have more caring responsibilities. C. They are facing a fiercer competition. D. They have more part-time jobs to choose from.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. It can help them adjust to retirement gradually. B. It gives them more time to loo
46、k after families members. C. It can bring steady income to support the family. D. It can make them more focused on their responsibilities.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. An explosion in a building site. B. A shopper sm
47、oking in a shop. C. A vehicle crashing into a shop. D. An electricity battery explosion.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. His contract with the club is due. B. He has received threats from fans. C. He is not satisfied with the salary. D. His team arent performing well.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Forest Fire. B.
48、 Wet Road. C. Frogs hunting for food. D. Collision of two trains.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have ju
