1、大学四级-1450 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.现在流行低碳生活;2. 为什么要倡导低碳生活;3. 如何做到低碳生活（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)The Truth about Cars and Cell PhonesWe find it terrifying every time we get on the highway and see all of those multitasking drivers racing along wh
2、ile they talk and text on cell phones. So it is especially distressing to learn that in 2003, officials at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration put down a proposal for a large-scale study of cell phone risks and withheld hundreds of pages of research that warned about the dangers of ce
3、ll phone use while driving.That information-including estimates that cell phoning drivers caused 955 fatalities and 240,000accidents in 2002-was finally pried loose this week by a freedom of information lawsuit.Six years later, the Transportation Department advises drivers to avoid cell phones excep
4、t in emergencies. But far too many Americans now consider phoning while driving to be standard behavior.Extensive research shows the dangers of distracted driving. Studies say that drivers using phones are four times as likely to cause a crash as other drivers, and the likelihood that they will cras
5、h is equal to that of someone with a 0.08 percent blood alcohol level, the point at which drivers are generally considered intoxicated (喝醉的).A 2003 Harvard study estimated that cell phone distractions caused 2,600 traffic deaths every year, and 330,000 accidents that result in moderate or severe inj
6、uries.Yet Americans have largely ignored that research. Instead, they increasingly use phones, navigation devices and even laptops to turn their cars into mobile offices, chat rooms and entertainment centers, making roads more dangerous.A disconnect between perception and reality worsens the problem
7、. New studies show that drivers overestimate their own ability to safely multitask, even as they worry about the dangers of others doing it.Device makers and auto companies acknowledge the risks of multitasking behind the wheel, but they aggressively develop and market devices that cause distraction
8、s.Police in almost half of all states make no attempt to gather data on the problem. They are not required to ask drivers who cause accidents whether they were distracted by a phone or other device. Even when officers do ask, some drivers are not forthcoming.The federal government warns against talk
9、ing on a cell phone while driving, but no state legislature has banned it. This year, state legislators introduced about 170 bills to address distracted driving, but passed fewer than 10.Five states and the District of Columbia require drivers who talk on cell phones to use hands-free devices, but r
10、esearch shows that using headsets can be as dangerous as holding a phone because the conversation distracts drivers from focusing on the road.Fourteen states have passed measures to ban texting while driving, and the New York State Assembly sent such a bill to the governor on Friday.Scientists who s
11、tudy distracted driving say they understand the frustrations of colleagues who publicized the dangers of tobacco. Like cigarettes, they say, using cell phones are considered cool but can be deadly. And the big device companies even offer warnings that remind them of labels on cigarette packs.Verizon
12、 Wireless, for instance, posts instructions on its Web sites not to talk while drivingwith or without a headset. But neither Verizon nor any other cell phone company supports legislation that bans drivers from talking on the phone. And the wireless industry does not conduct research on the dangers,
13、saying that is not its responsibility.Some researchers say that sufficient evidence exists to justify laws outlawing cell phone use for drivers-and they suggest using technology to enforce them by disabling a drivers phone.Over all, cell phone use has soared. From 1995 to 2008, the number of wireles
14、s subscribers in the United States increased eightfold, to 270 million, and minutes talked rose 58-fold.Last year, the federal agency dealing with road safety, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, published a study, based on researchers observations of drivers, suggesting that at anyt
15、ime during daylight hours in 2007, 11 percent-or 1.8 million drivers-were using a cell phone.And in a survey of 1,506 people last year by Nationwide Mutual Insurance, 81 percent of cell phone owners acknowledged that they talk on phones while driving, and 98 percent considered themselves safe driver
16、s. But 45 percent said they had been hit or nearly hit by a driver talking on a phone.“When we ask people to identify the most dangerous distraction on the highway today, about half identify cell phones,“ said Bill Windsor, associate vice president for safety at Nationwide. “But they think others ar
17、e dangerous, not themselves.“Weve spent billions on air bags, antilock brakes, better steering, safer cars and roads, but then umber of fatalities has remained constant,“ said David Strayer, a psychology professor at the University of Utah and a leading researcher in the field of distracted driving.
18、“Our return on investment for those billions is zero,“ he added. “And thats because were using devices in our cars.“Scientists note that there are limits to how much the brain can multitask. The brain has trouble assessing separate streams of information-even if one is visual and the other aural, sa
19、id Steve Yantis, professor of psychological and brain sciences at Johns Hopkins University.Further, he said, when people talk on the phone, they are doing more than simply listening. The words conjure images in the minds eye, including images of the person they are talking to. That typically doesnt
20、interfere with driving. The problem starts when a car swerves unexpectedly or a pedestrian steps into traffic, he said, and the mind lacks the processing power to react in time.“There is zero doubt that ones driving ability is impaired when one is trying to have a cell phone conversation-whether han
21、ds-flee or hand-held, it doesnt matter,“ said David E. Meyer, professor of psychology at the University of Michigan.In fact, some scientists argue that hands-flee laws make driving riskier by effectively excusing the practice. As early as July 2003, researchers at the National Highway Traffic Safety
22、 Administration reached that conclusion based on what they referred to, in a proposed draft of a cell phone policy for the agency, as “a significant body of research worldwide.“The draft policy said: “We are convinced that legislation forbidding the use of handheld cell phones while driving will not
23、 be effective since it will not address the problem. In fact, such legislation may mistakenly imply that hands-free phones are safe to use while driving.,The agencys current advice is that people should not use cell phones while driving and that hands-free devices do not eliminate the risks of distr
24、acted driving.Scientists are trying to understand, too, with perhaps the broadest question hanging over the phenomenon of distracted driving: Why do people, knowing the risk, continue to talk while driving? The answer, they say, is partly the intense social pressures to stay in touch and always be a
25、vailable to friends and colleagues. And there also is the neurological response of multitaskers. They show signs of addiction to their devices.（分数：49.00）(1).Compared with drunk driving, distracted driving is_.（分数：7.00）A.less dangerousB.more dangerousC.just as dangerousD.unknown(2).Who are to blame f
26、or the prevalence of cell phone use while driving?（分数：7.00）A.Drivers.B.Device makers.C.The Police.D.All the above.(3).Whats device makers attitude toward distracted driving?（分数：7.00）A.They acknowledge the risks of distracted driving.B.They develop and market devices that are less dangerous.C.They su
27、pport legislation that bans drivers from talking on the phone.D.They develop the technology that may disable drivers cell phones.(4).Which of the following is true about the legislation to ban multitasking driving?（分数：7.00）A.The federal government has made a legislation to ban multitasking driving.B
28、.No state has made a legislation to ban multitasking driving.C.Five states and the District of Columbia have made legislations to ban multitasking driving.D.Fourteen states have made legislations to ban multitasking driving.(5).How is the study of distracted driving related to the study of tobacco?（
29、分数：7.00）A.In both studies its difficult to convince people of the dangerous consequence.B.Both studies are supported by the government and relative companies.C.Both studies warn people against potential dangers, which are acknowledged but ignored.D.Both studies reveal something astonishing.(6).Why i
30、s it dangerous to use a cell phone while driving?（分数：7.00）A.Because the driver wont be able to hear the direction of navigation.B.Because the driver wont be able to see the traffic light clearly.C.Because the driver wont be able to react to unexpected situation.D.Because the driver wont be able to k
31、eep calm.(7).Knowing the risk of distracted driving, people still continue to talk while driving because_.（分数：7.00）A.they think only others are dangerousB.they always have some important information to deliverC.they may feel bored without talking to someoneD.they need to stay in touch with their fri
32、ends and colleagues2.Some researchers suggest using technology to stop drivers from using cell phones by_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.There are limits to how much the brain can multitask because the brain has trouble_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.Legislation forbidding the use of handheld cell phones while driving will
33、not be effective since it implies that_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)A.The company the man applies for is big and famous.B.The company made a deep impression on the man.C.The woman wants to know what the man is interested in.D.The company the man app
34、lies for is small.A.She doesnt like history course.B.She doesnt like reading books.C.She has too many books to read.D.She cant get the books she needs.A.He agrees to discuss the agenda after dinner.B.He suggests a different time to discuss the agenda.C.He doesnt care about the agenda.D.He doesnt lik
35、e working after dinner.A.Bill was late for the exam.B.Bill was always late for class.C.Bill was sick for a long time.D.Bill did not complete the test paper.A.She doesnt like hot weather.B.She doesnt like the mans roommates.C.She has to ask her roommates for advice.D.She hates going out and prefers t
36、o stay at home.A.Pick her son from school.B.Meet the man in his office.C.Work on a report.D.Prepare dinner for her son.A.They are colleagues.B.They are classmates.C.They are teacher and student.D.They are employer and employee.A.The woman didnt finish her paper on time.B.The woman has to revise her
37、paper.C.The woman doesnt get along well with her tutor.D.The woman asked the man to help her.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.The importance of morning exercise.B.Peoples preference in taking exercise.C.The mans working experience.D.The mans family lif
38、e.A.Its better than evening exercise.B.It helps him to work more efficiently.C.Young people do not need to take exercise.D.Morning exercise is generally informative.A.He has to go to parties in the evening.B.He has to prepare dinner for the family in the evening.C.The air is not fresh in the evening
39、.D.He cant afford the time.A.Go home.B.Go to his office.C.Go to the bus stop.D.Send his son to school.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.To make a business report to the woman.B.To be interviewed for a job in the womans company.C.To sell some handiwork t
40、o the woman.D.To inquire about the result of an interview.A.Administration.B.Literature.C.Commerce.D.Journalism.A.The woman thinks Mr. Ford lacks experience.B.Mr. Ford will work in foreign countries.C.Mr. Ford seems to meet every requirement for the job.D.The woman alone will decide whether to hire
41、Mr. Ford.五、Section B(总题数：2，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Broccoli.B.Ice cream.C.A turkey sandwich.D.A glass of milk.A.Real food is fuel for bodys needs.B.Real food is high in fat and sugar.C.Real food is primarily for taste satisfacti
42、on.D.Real food is delicious.A.We should store food in refrigerator.B.We should choose food that looks good.C.We should distinguish between real food and pleasure food.D.We should eliminate pleasure foods from our kitchen.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：
43、49.00）A.Housewives.B.Restaurant manager.C.Guests of dinner party.D.Hosts of dinner party.A.Inform your guests of the date and the time beforehand.B.List the ingredients and drinks for the party and buy them before the party.C.Practice cooking according to menu.D.Prepare some proper music for the par
44、ty.A.You may find yourself less stressed than you need to be.B.You wont get up so early on the party day.C.You will have little time to enjoy the party.D.Your guests will be much happier.A.Surprised.B.Angry.C.Frightened.D.Worried.A.Anger.B.Surprise.C.Dislike.D.Fear.A.Women are better than men at rec
45、ognizing facial expressions.B.Adults are better than children at recognizing facial expressions.C.Older people are better than younger people at recognizing facial expressions.D.Americans are better than Chinese at recognizing facial expressions.A.Words and Feelings.B.Words, Gestures and Feelings.C.
46、Gestures and Feelings.D.Culture and Understanding.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is (36) while he tak
47、es over (37) patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn to a more (38) theory than “monkey see, monkey do“.Look at it from the childs point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a (39) response. He is (40) a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response
48、for the situation, and can not reason out what to do, he (41) a model who seems to get the fight result. The child looks for an (42) or expert Who can show what to do.There is a second (43) at work in this situation. (44) . When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a me
49、ssage, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. (45) .One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like this response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. (46) .（分数：77.00）(1).To say that the child learns by imitation and
