1、大学四级-1592 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.目前，环保还存在着许多问题。2为了保护环境，各国政府做了大量的工作。3我的看法。Protection of Environment（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Will We Run Out of Water?Picture a “ghost ship“ sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. The
2、n imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral sea (咸海) in Central Asia, its all too real. Thirty years ago, governme
3、nt planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate (provide water for) farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding (使搁浅) ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species offish.S
4、imilar largecale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? Pe
5、ople in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the next century.“Growing populations will worsen problems with water,“ says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a
6、research organization in California. He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one-third of the worlds projected (预测的) 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.WHERE WATER GOESOnly 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra
7、Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two-thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers (冰山) and ice caps (冰盖). In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and fall
8、s back to Earth as precipitation (rain or snow).Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live, In fact, the w
9、orlds population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwaterabout the amount of water in Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖). And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,“ says Postel, “there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic (水的) environmen
10、t.“CLOSE TO HOMEWater woes(灾难) may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers (地下蓄水层), layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil a
11、nd bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.) Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish(补充) it. In northwest Texas, for example, overpumping has shrunk
12、 groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria
13、and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell iii in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium (隐孢子虫), a microbe (微生物) that causes fever, diarrhea (腹泻) and vomiting.THE SOURCEWhere so contaminants come from? In developing co
14、untries, people dump raw (未经处理的) sewage(污水) into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne (饮水传染的) diseases. In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of p
15、roducts. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (多氯化联二苯), or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.)But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifree
16、ze, and paint thinners (稀释剂) down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemic
17、als that kill weeds and insects but insects but that pollutes water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogenrich fertilizer that helps plants grow but that can wreak havoc (大破坏) on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas, Too many nitrates “over-enrich“ these
18、 bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of tile water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.WHATS THE SOLUTION?Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local
19、solutions to water-related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building smallscale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea.“More than I billion people worldwide dont have access to basic clean drinking water,“ says Gleick. “There has t
20、o be a strong push on the part of everyonegovernments and ordinary peopleto make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life./（分数：70.00）(1).That the huge water projects have diverted the rivers causes the Aral Sea to shrink.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).The construction of massive dams and irrigation proje
21、cts does more good than harm.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).The chief causes of water shortage are population growth and water pollution.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).The problems Americans face concerning water are ground water shrinkage and tap water pollution（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).According to the passage all water poll
22、utants come from household waste.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).The people living in the United States will not be faced with water shortages.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Water expert Gleick has come up with the best solution to water-related problems.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025,
23、as many as _ of the worlds people will suffer from water shortages.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Two-thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be trea- ted in order to avoid _.（分数：7.00）填空
24、项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.She is suggesting going to the coast.B.She likes her home so much.C.It is rather expensive to go abroad.D.Her husband doesnt like to go to the coast.(2
25、).A) To visit the Modem Museum. C) To visit museums.B) To make a good plan. D) To visit a music school.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.He will drink coffee after the discussion.B.He will have coffee later.C.He will drink the coffee before the discussion.D.He will wait for his turn to get the coffee.(4).A) At fiv
26、e oclock. C) At four thirty.B) At five thirty. D) At four o clock.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A) He feels it was unfair. C) He thinks that he amid have done better.B) He thinks it was very successful. D) He didnt answer all of the questions.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A) It was reported on the radio. C) The man c
27、alled her immediately.B) She mad it in the morning news. D) She was in the neighborhood.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A) Playing the piano. C) Typing.B) Making a photocopy. D) Taking a picture.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A) Disturbed. C) Delighted.B) Indifferent. D) Annoyed.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are b
28、ased on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.To notify her of her promotion.B.To inform her of new equipment.C.To inquire about the office problems.D.To discuss meeting of the board.A.That there was no effect.B.That it improved operations.C.That operations became less efficient.D.That th
29、e employees became dissatisfied.(3).A) As unusually good. C) As quite ordinary.B) As not very good. D) As unsatisfactory.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A) About opening a restaurant. C) About how to spend the vacation.B) About work
30、ing in the laboratory. D) About where to travel.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) In a research institute. C) In a zoo.B) On the beach. D) On the campus.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) Working as a tourist guide. C) Working as a shop assistant.B) Helping in a restaurant. D) Looking after a laboratory.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D
31、.A.Because it is part of his study.B.Because his uncle needs help.C.Because he wants to visit the seaside.D.Because he has to earn for his tuition.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A) European expeditions in the 1700s.
32、 C) Famous sites in Los Angeles.B) The growth of Los Angeles. D) The entertainment industry.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) The oceans and the gold rush. C) The railroads and the discovery of oil.B) Tourism and the entertainment industry. D) Sea trade and the airplane industry.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.A.50 years.B.
33、100 years.C.200 years.D.300 years.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A) Disadvantages of tall buildings. C) The Crystal Palace Exhibition.B) Modem elevators. D) The invention of the elevator.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) They were driven by steam engin
34、es. C) They were pulled by riders themselves.B) They were pulled by animals or humans. D) There were totally unusable.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) Steel cables. C) An open carriage.B) Guide rails. D) Strong ropes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just hear
35、d.（分数：28.00）(1).A) A librarian. C) A monitor.B) A Chairman. D) A lecturer.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A) Makes a speech. C) Arranges topic to be discussed.B) Plays a major role. D) Sits there and listen.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A) Giving advice. C) Discussion.B) Presentation. D) Independent thinking.（分数：7.00）A
36、.B.C.D.A.The speaker doesnt give any advice to the listeners.B.The speaker prefers the seminar to the tutorial.C.The speaker prefers the tutorial to the seminar.D.The speaker gives much advice to the listener.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The most famous case of an animal said to be capable of counting
37、 is that of a horse in Germany called Clever Hans. The episode (36) at the beginning of the present century. The horses owner (37) that animals can think and reason as we can and that this (38) can be brought out by training the animals. He trained Clever Hans to give the answers to (39) of arithmet
38、ic; the horse gave the (40) answer by tapping the right number of times with its forefoot.The animals gave the correct answers not only to (41) but also to other processes of arithmetic, including (42) fraction to decimals. It gave the right answers too when the questions were not spoken but (43) to
39、 it written on a card.(44) . The committee, after a careful investigation, found (45) , and that he had not purposely trained his horse to stop tapping, and so to give a correct answer, by giving it a slight clue as is done with performing circus (马戏团) animals. The absence of such trickery (诡计) was
40、proven by the fact (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience. The lecturer
41、speaks for one or two bouts, perhaps (47) the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, distributing reading material and giving out (48) . The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and (49) what to write. Very often the student leaves the
42、lecture with notes which do not catch the main points and which become hard even for the (50) to understand.Most institutions provide courses which (51) new students to develop the skills they need to be effective listeners and note-takers. If these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skill
43、s guides which (52) learners to practice these skills independently. In all cases it is important to (53) tile problem before actually starting your studies.It is important to (54) that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills required in college study. One way of (55) these di
44、fficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the academic year. Another basic (56) is to find a study partner with whom it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.Aassignments Bignore Cassist DsuspectsErequi
45、re Fwonders Genable HillustratingIovercoming Jstudents Kacknowledge LcontentMsuggestion Ntackle Ostrategy（分数：90.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：44.50)The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil i
46、ndustry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been raised; and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such pro
47、blems, and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As one Norwegian politician said last week: “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.“Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a program of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this program has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started t
